Details for: THAP10

Gene ID: 56906

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: THAP10

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129028

Description: THAP domain containing 10

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 41.74
    rCSI 34.85%
    PRS 93.75
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 21.08
    rCSI 28.83%
    PRS 97.37
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 20.22
    rCSI 24.5%
    PRS 87.52
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 19.76
    rCSI 26.93%
    PRS 83.91
  • pericyte CL0000669
    CSI 18.96
    rCSI 50.48%
    PRS 85.67
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 17.29
    rCSI 24.45%
    PRS 94.93
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 16.58
    rCSI 19.22%
    PRS 94.01
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 16.1
    rCSI 25.6%
    PRS 96.83
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 15.99
    rCSI 26.1%
    PRS 84.51
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 14.16
    rCSI 25.45%
    PRS 96.5
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 12.18
    rCSI 21.59%
    PRS 82.76
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 9.79
    rCSI 20.21%
    PRS 94.36
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 9.45
    rCSI 14.05%
    PRS 97.53
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 3.75
    rCSI 21.52%
    PRS 95.96
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 94.15

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [THAP10](/details-gene/56906), or THAP domain containing 10, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 15q23. Functional annotations suggest it operates as a [Dna-binding transcription factor activity](/details-go/GO:0003700) localized to the [Nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634), where it is involved in the [Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii](/details-go/GO:0006357). Expression profiling indicates its highest significance is in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990)s, implying a key role in the regulation of the immune system. However, its notable expression across diverse cell types, including retinal neurons, T lymphocytes, and skin cells, suggests it may have pleiotropic functions in multiple biological systems. The gene was characterized as part of large-scale full-length cDNA sequencing projects ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1285), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) highlights its multifaceted role across various tissues and cell lineages. **Overall**, the gene's most prominent significance is observed in professional antigen-presenting cells, with [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990)s showing the highest Cell Significance Index (CSI) of 41.74. This is complemented by significant expression in multiple T cell subsets, including [CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive](/details-cell/CL0001203), [helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000912), and [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815), suggesting a broad involvement in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Beyond the immune system, [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) demonstrates notable significance in several other specialized cell types. It is highly significant in retinal neurons, particularly [OFF-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000750)s, [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751)s, and [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749)s, indicating a potential role in retinal signal processing. Furthermore, its expression is significant in dermal and structural cells, including [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458), [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013), [pericyte](/details-cell/CL0000669), and [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138). This widespread yet specific expression pattern suggests that [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) may function as a transcriptional regulator that controls distinct gene programs tailored to the identity and function of these diverse cell lineages. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The annotated molecular functions of [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) are consistent with its role as a nuclear protein that modulates gene expression. * **Transcriptional Regulation:** As a [Dna-binding transcription factor activity](/details-go/GO:0003700), its primary function is the [Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii](/details-go/GO:0006357). It likely achieves this through binding to specific DNA sequences in the cis-regulatory regions of target genes ([Rna polymerase ii cis-regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding](/details-go/GO:0000978)). This function explains its potential to drive lineage-specific programs in the varied cell types where it is expressed. * **Molecular Binding:** The protein is annotated with [Metal ion binding](/details-go/GO:0046872) activity, which is characteristic of the THAP (Thanatos-associated protein) domain's C2CH zinc finger motif, essential for its DNA-binding capability. It is also noted to participate in [Protein binding](/details-go/GO:0005515), suggesting it may act as part of a larger complex of regulatory proteins to exert its effects on transcription. * **Cellular Localization:** Its localization within the [Nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634) is consistent with its role as a transcription factor, placing it in the same compartment as the cellular transcriptional machinery. ## Research Directions The diverse expression pattern of [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) opens several avenues for future investigation into its specific biological roles. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. **[THAP10](/details-gene/56906) is a critical transcriptional regulator of dendritic cell maturation and function.** Given its exceptionally high CSI in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990)s, it is hypothesized that [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) controls the expression of key genes involved in antigen processing, presentation (e.g., MHC class II), and co-stimulation (e.g., CD80/CD86), thereby shaping the adaptive immune response. 2. **[THAP10](/details-gene/56906) acts as a pleiotropic factor that regulates lineage-specific gene networks through context-dependent protein interactions.** The gene's high significance in functionally disparate cells like immune cells, retinal neurons, and chondrocytes suggests it may bind to different co-factors in each cell type, enabling it to regulate distinct sets of target genes relevant to each cell's unique physiology. ### Experimental Approach: To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) in dendritic cell function, a loss-of-function study could be performed. Primary human monocytes would be differentiated into dendritic cells *in vitro*. These cells would then be treated with siRNA or transduced with a CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting [THAP10](/details-gene/56906). Following knockdown or knockout, the cells would be stimulated with a Toll-like receptor agonist like LPS. The functional consequences would be assessed by measuring the upregulation of maturation markers (CD83, CD86, HLA-DR) via flow cytometry, quantifying cytokine production (e.g., IL-12, TNF-alpha) by ELISA, and identifying downstream transcriptional targets through RNA-sequencing. ### Therapeutic Potential: As an intracellular transcription factor, [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) represents a challenging direct therapeutic target. However, if it is established as a master regulator of immune cell function, it could become an indirect target. For example, in autoimmune diseases or cancer immunotherapy, modulating the upstream signaling pathways that control [THAP10](/details-gene/56906) activity or targeting its critical downstream effectors could offer a therapeutic avenue. Its broad expression profile across multiple essential cell types suggests that systemic inhibition could lead to significant off-target effects, necessitating the development of cell-type-specific delivery systems or strategies for any future therapeutic interventions.

Genular Protein ID: 2911039943

Symbol: THA10_HUMAN

Name: THAP domain-containing protein 10

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9P2Z0 B2R8R0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 257
  • Mass: 28351
  • Checksum: 912602126537AD41
  • Sequence:
    • MPARCVAAHC GNTTKSGKSL FRFPKDRAVR LLWDRFVRGC RADWYGGNDR SVICSDHFAP 
ACFDVSSVIQ KNLRFSQRLR LVAGAVPTLH RVPAPAPKRG EEGDQAGRLD TRGELQAARH 
SEAAPGPVSC TRPRAGKQAA ASQITCENEL VQTQPHADNP SNTVTSVPTH CEEGPVHKST 
QISLKRPRHR SVGIQAKVKA FGKRLCNATT QTEELWSRTS SLFDIYSSDS ETDTDWDIKS 
EQSDLSYMAV QVKEETC