Details for: ACE

Gene ID: 1636

Symbol: ACE

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159640

Description: angiotensin I converting enzyme

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 56.9609
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 34.2804
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 21.9319
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 20.1219
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5000
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 14.2171
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5400
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 10.9143
    Cell Significance Index: 568.5100
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 9.3952
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 7.1981
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 3.8076
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.2833
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 2.0077
    Cell Significance Index: 57.8500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.5818
    Cell Significance Index: 94.9600
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.4303
    Cell Significance Index: 33.0500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.1069
    Cell Significance Index: 23.9800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.0397
    Cell Significance Index: 938.7300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9975
    Cell Significance Index: 162.2300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.9880
    Cell Significance Index: 107.4700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.8149
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.6676
    Cell Significance Index: 25.2800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.6498
    Cell Significance Index: 28.7400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.5822
    Cell Significance Index: 26.3900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5228
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.5009
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6900
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.4809
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4088
    Cell Significance Index: 40.4400
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.3012
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.2480
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2272
    Cell Significance Index: 45.5800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1949
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.1706
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.1595
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1251
    Cell Significance Index: 23.8100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0869
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0568
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0233
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7400
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0178
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9300
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0457
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0575
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0715
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0600
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0734
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0838
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0879
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3700
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: -0.0943
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0949
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1091
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1096
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1148
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1186
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1218
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1298
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1333
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: -0.1375
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1398
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.1420
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1452
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1454
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1498
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2100
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1561
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1615
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2900
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.1831
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9600
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: -0.1953
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2031
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2034
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2065
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9200
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.2133
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7700
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.2191
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.2248
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2279
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2343
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.2365
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2369
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Molecular structure:** ACE is a metalloprotease enzyme, consisting of a catalytic domain and a binding domain for the substrate angiotensin I. 2. **Subcellular localization:** ACE is primarily expressed in endothelial cells of blood vessels, including pulmonary, renal, and cardiac arteries. 3. **Expression pattern:** ACE is highly expressed in tissues involved in blood pressure regulation, such as the kidney, heart, and blood vessels. 4. **Function:** ACE is responsible for converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which activates the RAAS and regulates blood pressure. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS):** ACE is a critical component of the RAAS, which regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis. 2. **Angiotensin II signaling pathway:** ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which activates the G protein-coupled receptor 1A (GR1A) and stimulates vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, and inflammation. 3. **Blood pressure regulation:** ACE inhibition reduces angiotensin II levels, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. 4. **Cardiac function:** ACE is involved in regulating cardiac contractility and relaxation, as well as cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. 5. **Renal function:** ACE plays a role in regulating renal hemodynamics, sodium reabsorption, and blood pressure. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Hypertension:** ACE inhibitors are widely used to treat hypertension, as they reduce angiotensin II levels and lower blood pressure. 2. **Heart failure:** ACE inhibitors have been shown to improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with heart failure. 3. **Kidney disease:** ACE inhibitors have been shown to slow the progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy and hypertension. 4. **Atherosclerosis:** ACE inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with atherosclerosis. 5. **Cancer:** ACE has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in lung and breast cancer. In conclusion, ACE is a critical regulator of cardiovascular and renal functions, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of ACE and its role in the RAAS is essential for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Genular Protein ID: 1119782848

Symbol: ACE_HUMAN

Name: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P12821 B0LPF0 B4DXI3 E7EU16 P22966 Q53YX9 Q59GY8 Q7M4L4

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CPTAC 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 60 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 21 DrugCentral 1 EC 3 EMBL 9 EMDB 12 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 83 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 2 MIM 9 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 65 PDBsum 65 PIR 3 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 Rhea 20 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2849100

Title: Two putative active centers in human angiotensin I-converting enzyme revealed by molecular cloning.

PubMed ID: 2849100

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.24.9386

PubMed ID: 2547653

Title: The testicular transcript of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme encodes for the ancestral, non-duplicated form of the enzyme.

PubMed ID: 2547653

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80897-x

PubMed ID: 2554286

Title: Molecular cloning of human testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme: the testis isozyme is identical to the C-terminal half of endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 2554286

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7741

PubMed ID: 10319862

Title: Sequence variation in the human angiotensin converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 10319862

DOI: 10.1038/8760

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 2558109

Title: Purification of human lung angiotensin-converting enzyme by high-performance liquid chromatography: properties and N-terminal amino acid sequence.

PubMed ID: 2558109

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122871

PubMed ID: 9642152

Title: Alternative splicing of the mRNA coding for the human endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme: a new mechanism for solubilization.

PubMed ID: 9642152

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8813

PubMed ID: 6055465

Title: Second kininase in human blood plasma.

PubMed ID: 6055465

DOI: 10.1038/2151402a0

PubMed ID: 4322742

Title: A dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin I and inactivates bradykinin.

PubMed ID: 4322742

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(70)90017-6

PubMed ID: 656131

Title: Hydrolysis of enkephalin by cultured human endothelial cells and by purified peptidyl dipeptidase.

PubMed ID: 656131

DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90542-7

PubMed ID: 6270633

Title: Purification and characterization of human converting enzyme (kininase II).

PubMed ID: 6270633

DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(81)80027-7

PubMed ID: 6208535

Title: Hydrolysis of substance p and neurotensin by converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.

PubMed ID: 6208535

DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90020-2

PubMed ID: 2982830

Title: Proteolytic conversion of [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 by brain synaptic membranes. Characterization of formed peptides and mechanism of proteolysis.

PubMed ID: 2982830

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89410-8

PubMed ID: 2983326

Title: Novel activity of human angiotensin I converting enzyme: release of the NH2- and COOH-terminal tripeptides from the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

PubMed ID: 2983326

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1025

PubMed ID: 1649623

Title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme: zinc- and inhibitor-binding stoichiometries of the somatic and testis isozymes.

PubMed ID: 1649623

DOI: 10.1021/bi00243a012

PubMed ID: 1651327

Title: Structure of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene. Two alternate promoters correspond to evolutionary steps of a duplicated gene.

PubMed ID: 1651327

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98626-6

PubMed ID: 1668266

Title: Purification and characterization of recombinant human testis angiotensin-converting enzyme expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PubMed ID: 1668266

DOI: 10.1016/1046-5928(91)90001-y

PubMed ID: 1851160

Title: The two homologous domains of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme are both catalytically active.

PubMed ID: 1851160

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31543-6

PubMed ID: 1320019

Title: The two homologous domains of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme interact differently with competitive inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 1320019

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42224-7

PubMed ID: 8257427

Title: Involvement of human plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme in the degradation of the haemoregulatory peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline.

PubMed ID: 8257427

DOI: 10.1042/bj2960373

PubMed ID: 7683654

Title: Differences in the properties and enzymatic specificities of the two active sites of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (kininase II). Studies with bradykinin and other natural peptides.

PubMed ID: 7683654

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98378-x

PubMed ID: 8253769

Title: Proteolytic release of human angiotensin-converting enzyme. Localization of the cleavage site.

PubMed ID: 8253769

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74332-4

PubMed ID: 7523412

Title: Structure-function analysis of angiotensin I-converting enzyme using monoclonal antibodies. Selective inhibition of the amino-terminal active site.

PubMed ID: 7523412

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47091-3

PubMed ID: 7961923

Title: Identification of two active site residues in human angiotensin I-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 7961923

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43897-5

PubMed ID: 7876104

Title: The hemoregulatory peptide N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro is a natural and specific substrate of the N-terminal active site of human angiotensin-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 7876104

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.8.3656

PubMed ID: 7499427

Title: Cell surface localization of proteolysis of human endothelial angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Effect of the amino-terminal domain in the solubilization process.

PubMed ID: 7499427

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.48.28962

PubMed ID: 8755737

Title: Assignment of free and disulfide-bonded cysteine residues in testis angiotensin-converting enzyme: functional implications.

PubMed ID: 8755737

DOI: 10.1021/bi960243x

PubMed ID: 8626443

Title: Different glycosylation requirements for the synthesis of enzymatically active angiotensin-converting enzyme in mammalian cells and yeast.

PubMed ID: 8626443

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.11.6429

PubMed ID: 8609242

Title: Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline.

PubMed ID: 8609242

DOI: 10.1172/jci118484

PubMed ID: 9371719

Title: Cleavage of arginyl-arginine and lysyl-arginine from the C-terminus of pro-hormone peptides by human germinal angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and the C-domain of human somatic ACE.

PubMed ID: 9371719

DOI: 10.1042/bj3280587

PubMed ID: 9013598

Title: Identification of N-linked glycosylation sites in human testis angiotensin-converting enzyme and expression of an active deglycosylated form.

PubMed ID: 9013598

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.6.3511

PubMed ID: 10336644

Title: Hydrolysis by somatic angiotensin-I converting enzyme of basic dipeptides from a cholecystokinin/gastrin and a LH-RH peptide extended at the C-terminus with gly-Arg/Lys-arg, but not from diarginyl insulin.

PubMed ID: 10336644

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00419.x

PubMed ID: 10913258

Title: Peptidase specificity characterization of C- and N-terminal catalytic sites of angiotensin I-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 10913258

DOI: 10.1021/bi9928905

PubMed ID: 10769174

Title: Shedding of somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is inefficient compared with testis ACE despite cleavage at identical stalk sites.

PubMed ID: 10769174

DOI: 10.1042/bj3470711

PubMed ID: 10969042

Title: A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9.

PubMed ID: 10969042

DOI: 10.1161/01.res.87.5.e1

PubMed ID: 10924499

Title: A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase.

PubMed ID: 10924499

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002615200

PubMed ID: 11076943

Title: Increased shedding of angiotensin-converting enzyme by a mutation identified in the stalk region.

PubMed ID: 11076943

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007706200

PubMed ID: 11432860

Title: Arg(1098) is critical for the chloride dependence of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme C-domain catalytic activity.

PubMed ID: 11432860

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101495200

PubMed ID: 11274151

Title: A point mutation in the juxtamembrane stalk of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme invokes the action of a distinct secretase.

PubMed ID: 11274151

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100339200

PubMed ID: 11604391

Title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme degrades Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide (A beta); retards A beta aggregation, deposition, fibril formation; and inhibits cytotoxicity.

PubMed ID: 11604391

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104068200

PubMed ID: 12386153

Title: CK2 phosphorylates the angiotensin-converting enzyme and regulates its retention in the endothelial cell plasma membrane.

PubMed ID: 12386153

DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000038114.17939.c8

PubMed ID: 12459472

Title: Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 12459472

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03640-2

PubMed ID: 12542396

Title: Deglycosylation, processing and crystallization of human testis angiotensin-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 12542396

DOI: 10.1042/bj20021842

PubMed ID: 15151696

Title: ACE2 gene expression is up-regulated in the human failing heart.

PubMed ID: 15151696

DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-2-19

PubMed ID: 15671045

Title: Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans.

PubMed ID: 15671045

DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi114

PubMed ID: 15615692

Title: Molecular basis of exopeptidase activity in the C-terminal domain of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme: insights into the origins of its exopeptidase activity.

PubMed ID: 15615692

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412638200

PubMed ID: 16154999

Title: Amyloid beta-protein is degraded by cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and elevated by an ACE inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 16154999

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508460200

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16476786

Title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) dimerization is the initial step in the ACE inhibitor-induced ACE signaling cascade in endothelial cells.

PubMed ID: 16476786

DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.020636

PubMed ID: 18077343

Title: Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors.

PubMed ID: 18077343

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706980105

PubMed ID: 19773553

Title: Abeta42-to-Abeta40- and angiotensin-converting activities in different domains of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 19773553

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.011437

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21901117

Title: ACE as a mechanosensor to shear stress influences the control of its own regulation via phosphorylation of cytoplasmic Ser(1270).

PubMed ID: 21901117

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022803

PubMed ID: 12540854

Title: Crystal structure of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-lisinopril complex.

PubMed ID: 12540854

DOI: 10.1038/nature01370

PubMed ID: 15236580

Title: Structural details on the binding of antihypertensive drugs captopril and enalaprilat to human testicular angiotensin I-converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 15236580

DOI: 10.1021/bi049480n

PubMed ID: 16476442

Title: Crystal structure of the N domain of human somatic angiotensin I-converting enzyme provides a structural basis for domain-specific inhibitor design.

PubMed ID: 16476442

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.048

PubMed ID: 20826823

Title: The N domain of human angiotensin-I-converting enzyme: the role of N-glycosylation and the crystal structure in complex with an N domain-specific phosphinic inhibitor, RXP407.

PubMed ID: 20826823

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.167866

PubMed ID: 21810173

Title: Structural characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in complex with a selenium analogue of captopril.

PubMed ID: 21810173

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08276.x

PubMed ID: 23056909

Title: Molecular recognition and regulation of human angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity by natural inhibitory peptides.

PubMed ID: 23056909

DOI: 10.1038/srep00717

PubMed ID: 24297181

Title: Molecular and thermodynamic mechanisms of the chloride-dependent human angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE).

PubMed ID: 24297181

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.512335

PubMed ID: 26403559

Title: Structural basis of Ac-SDKP hydrolysis by Angiotensin-I converting enzyme.

PubMed ID: 26403559

DOI: 10.1038/srep13742

PubMed ID: 10099885

Title: The DD genotype of the ACE gene polymorphism is associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy to end stage renal failure in IDDM.

PubMed ID: 10099885

PubMed ID: 10391210

Title: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 10391210

DOI: 10.1038/10297

PubMed ID: 11551873

Title: Point mutation in the stalk of angiotensin-converting enzyme causes a dramatic increase in serum angiotensin-converting enzyme but no cardiovascular disease.

PubMed ID: 11551873

DOI: 10.1161/hc3601.095932

PubMed ID: 14694062

Title: Hereditary elevation of angiotensin converting enzyme suggesting neurosarcoidosis.

PubMed ID: 14694062

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000098990.12845.da

PubMed ID: 15534175

Title: Meta-analysis of genetic studies in ischemic stroke: thirty-two genes involving approximately 18,000 cases and 58,000 controls.

PubMed ID: 15534175

DOI: 10.1001/archneur.61.11.1652

PubMed ID: 15277638

Title: DD genotype of ACE gene is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage.

PubMed ID: 15277638

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000130200.12993.0c

PubMed ID: 16116425

Title: Mutations in genes in the renin-angiotensin system are associated with autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis.

PubMed ID: 16116425

DOI: 10.1038/ng1623

PubMed ID: 25787250

Title: Neomorphic effects of recurrent somatic mutations in Yin Yang 1 in insulin-producing adenomas.

PubMed ID: 25787250

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503696112

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1306
  • Mass: 149715
  • Checksum: 1B33BCA7301A26AA
  • Sequence:
    • MGAASGRRGP GLLLPLPLLL LLPPQPALAL DPGLQPGNFS ADEAGAQLFA QSYNSSAEQV 
LFQSVAASWA HDTNITAENA RRQEEAALLS QEFAEAWGQK AKELYEPIWQ NFTDPQLRRI 
IGAVRTLGSA NLPLAKRQQY NALLSNMSRI YSTAKVCLPN KTATCWSLDP DLTNILASSR 
SYAMLLFAWE GWHNAAGIPL KPLYEDFTAL SNEAYKQDGF TDTGAYWRSW YNSPTFEDDL 
EHLYQQLEPL YLNLHAFVRR ALHRRYGDRY INLRGPIPAH LLGDMWAQSW ENIYDMVVPF 
PDKPNLDVTS TMLQQGWNAT HMFRVAEEFF TSLELSPMPP EFWEGSMLEK PADGREVVCH 
ASAWDFYNRK DFRIKQCTRV TMDQLSTVHH EMGHIQYYLQ YKDLPVSLRR GANPGFHEAI 
GDVLALSVST PEHLHKIGLL DRVTNDTESD INYLLKMALE KIAFLPFGYL VDQWRWGVFS 
GRTPPSRYNF DWWYLRTKYQ GICPPVTRNE THFDAGAKFH VPNVTPYIRY FVSFVLQFQF 
HEALCKEAGY EGPLHQCDIY RSTKAGAKLR KVLQAGSSRP WQEVLKDMVG LDALDAQPLL 
KYFQPVTQWL QEQNQQNGEV LGWPEYQWHP PLPDNYPEGI DLVTDEAEAS KFVEEYDRTS 
QVVWNEYAEA NWNYNTNITT ETSKILLQKN MQIANHTLKY GTQARKFDVN QLQNTTIKRI 
IKKVQDLERA ALPAQELEEY NKILLDMETT YSVATVCHPN GSCLQLEPDL TNVMATSRKY 
EDLLWAWEGW RDKAGRAILQ FYPKYVELIN QAARLNGYVD AGDSWRSMYE TPSLEQDLER 
LFQELQPLYL NLHAYVRRAL HRHYGAQHIN LEGPIPAHLL GNMWAQTWSN IYDLVVPFPS 
APSMDTTEAM LKQGWTPRRM FKEADDFFTS LGLLPVPPEF WNKSMLEKPT DGREVVCHAS 
AWDFYNGKDF RIKQCTTVNL EDLVVAHHEM GHIQYFMQYK DLPVALREGA NPGFHEAIGD 
VLALSVSTPK HLHSLNLLSS EGGSDEHDIN FLMKMALDKI AFIPFSYLVD QWRWRVFDGS 
ITKENYNQEW WSLRLKYQGL CPPVPRTQGD FDPGAKFHIP SSVPYIRYFV SFIIQFQFHE 
ALCQAAGHTG PLHKCDIYQS KEAGQRLATA MKLGFSRPWP EAMQLITGQP NMSASAMLSY 
FKPLLDWLRT ENELHGEKLG WPQYNWTPNS ARSEGPLPDS GRVSFLGLDL DAQQARVGQW 
LLLFLGIALL VATLGLSQRL FSIRHRSLHR HSHGPQFGSE VELRHS

Genular Protein ID: 1766050588

Symbol: B4DKH4_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DKH4

Database IDs:

ARBA 22 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 42 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 2 EMBL 2 GO 8 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MEROPS 2 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSR 3 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 1 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 20 RuleBase 1 SAM 1 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 475
  • Mass: 53750
  • Checksum: 0474ADD420A70C7F
  • Sequence:
    • MGAASGRRGP GLLLPLPLLL LLPPQPALAL DPGLQPGNFS ADEAGAQLFA QSYNSSAEQV 
LFQSVAASWA HDTNITAENA RRQEEAALLS QEFAEAWGQK AKELYEPIWQ NFTDPQLRRI 
IGAVRTLGSA NLPLAKRQQY NALLSNMSRI YSTAKVCLPN KTATCWSLDP DLTNILASSR 
SYAMLLFAWE GWHNAAGIPL KPLYEDFTAL SNEAYKQDGF TDTGAYWRSW YNSPTFEDDL 
EHLYQQLEPL YLNLHAFVRR ALHRRYGDRY INLRGPIPAH LLGDMWAQSW ENIYDMVVPF 
PDKPNLDVTS TMLQQGWNAT HMFRVAEEFF TSLELSPMPP GFWEGSMLEK PADGREVVCH 
ASAWDFYNRK DFRIKQCTRV TMDQLSTVHH EMGHIQYYLQ YKDLPVSLRR GANPGFHEAI 
GDVLALSVST PEHLHKIGLL DRVTNDTEPS IRGSVLLLPE TKPTLMLELS FMFQM

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.