Details for: NRM

Gene ID: 11270

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: NRM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137404

Description: nurim

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 10.32
    rCSI 12.39%
    PRS 94.14
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 8.4
    rCSI 23.98%
    PRS 93.61
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 5.93
    rCSI 4.91%
    PRS 95.26
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 5.29
    rCSI 14.89%
    PRS 92.01
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 4.54
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 98.49
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 4.23
    rCSI 4.84%
    PRS 96.41
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 3.91
    rCSI 2.91%
    PRS 97.78
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 96.8
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 2.76%
    PRS 95.55
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 3.49
    rCSI 4.44%
    PRS 96.78
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 3.95%
    PRS 97.21
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 90.27
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 3.02
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 96.63
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 95.42
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 95.57
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 96.74
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 4.32%
    PRS 84.58
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 2.04%
    PRS 97.98
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 2.31%
    PRS 95.71
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 2%
    PRS 94.34
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 2.61%
    PRS 88.78
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 2.19
    rCSI 3.12%
    PRS 94.64
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 93.89
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 90.01
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 95.49
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 3.83%
    PRS 97.88
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.32
    rCSI 3.35%
    PRS 91.66
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.75
    rCSI 2.17%
    PRS 94.16

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [NRM](/details-gene/11270) (nurim) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6 that encodes a polytopic protein tightly associated with the inner nuclear membrane ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m410504200)). **Overall** expression data highlight its significant role in various progenitor and developmental cell populations, particularly within the hematopoietic system. It demonstrates prominent expression in multiple stages of B-lymphocyte development, including `[large pre-B-II cell](/details-cell/CL0000957)` and `[pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826)`, as well as in `[mesodermal cell](/details-cell/CL0000222)` and `[hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)`. Functionally, [NRM](/details-gene/11270) has been implicated in the suppression of apoptosis, suggesting a crucial role in cell survival and the maintenance of nuclear architecture during differentiation and proliferation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.2174/156652412803833571)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [NRM](/details-gene/11270) points to a specialized function in developing and progenitor cell populations. The **Overall** context reveals its highest significance in `[mesodermal cell](/details-cell/CL0000222)` (CSI: 10.32), a fundamental embryonic germ layer. A strong functional theme emerges from its high expression across the B-cell lineage. The gene is a significant marker in `[large pre-B-II cell](/details-cell/CL0000957)` (CSI: 8.40), `[pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826)` (CSI: 5.93), `[unswitched memory B cell](/details-cell/CL0000970)` (CSI: 4.54), `[fraction A pre-pro B cell](/details-cell/CL0002045)` (CSI: 4.23), `[immature B cell](/details-cell/CL0000816)` (CSI: 3.91), and `[precursor B cell](/details-cell/CL0000817)` (CSI: 3.79). This consistent high expression throughout B-lymphopoiesis suggests a continuous requirement for [NRM](/details-gene/11270) in maintaining nuclear stability and cell viability during the complex processes of V(D)J recombination and clonal selection. Beyond the B-cell lineage, [NRM](/details-gene/11270) is also significantly expressed in other hematopoietic progenitors, including `[common dendritic progenitor](/details-cell/CL0001029)` (CSI: 3.15), `[early lymphoid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000936)` (CSI: 3.02), `[common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049)` (CSI: 2.97), and `[hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037)` (CSI: 2.87). This broad expression pattern in early hematopoiesis indicates a potential foundational role in the survival and maintenance of stem and progenitor pools. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functional annotation localizes [NRM](/details-gene/11270) to the nucleus, specifically the `[nuclear envelope](/details-cell/GO:0005635)` and, more precisely, the `[nuclear inner membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005637)`. Its described molecular function includes `[protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515)`, suggesting it acts as part of a larger protein complex at the nuclear periphery. This subcellular localization is consistent with research identifying it as an integral nuclear membrane protein ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.146.1.29)). The most defined role for [NRM](/details-gene/11270) is its involvement in regulating apoptosis. One study has demonstrated that nurim plays a role in the suppression of apoptosis, which aligns with its high expression in cells undergoing intense proliferation, differentiation, and selection, such as B-cell precursors ([Link](https://doi.org/10.2174/156652412803833571)). Its position at the nuclear envelope may allow it to modulate signaling pathways that link the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby influencing cell fate decisions. ## Research Directions The data suggest [NRM](/details-gene/11270) is a key regulator of cell survival, particularly in hematopoietic progenitors. Based on its expression pattern and known functions, several testable hypotheses can be proposed. 1. **Hypothesis 1:** The anti-apoptotic function of [NRM](/details-gene/11270) is critical for the survival of B-lymphocyte precursors during V(D)J recombination, a process that can induce DNA damage and trigger apoptosis. Its downregulation or loss would lead to a developmental block at the pro-B or pre-B cell stage. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** [NRM](/details-gene/11270) contributes to the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and self-renewal by reinforcing nuclear envelope integrity and protecting against genotoxic stress. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, a conditional knockout of [NRM](/details-gene/11270) in the murine B-cell lineage could be generated using a Cre-Lox system with a CD19-Cre driver. The resulting mice could be analyzed for defects in B-cell development via flow cytometry of bone marrow and spleen. A significant reduction in mature B-cell populations, coupled with an accumulation of apoptotic (e.g., Annexin V positive) pro-B or pre-B cells, would support the hypothesis that [NRM](/details-gene/11270) is essential for B-cell maturation and survival. **Therapeutic Potential:** Given its role in suppressing apoptosis, [NRM](/details-gene/11270) represents a potential therapeutic target in cancers characterized by apoptosis evasion, particularly hematological malignancies like B-cell lymphomas or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Inhibition of [NRM](/details-gene/11270) function or expression could potentially re-sensitize malignant cells to pro-apoptotic signals induced by chemotherapy. However, as an inner nuclear membrane protein, it may be a challenging target for traditional small molecules or antibody-based therapies, suggesting that strategies targeting its regulatory pathways or using nucleic acid-based therapeutics might be more effective.

Genular Protein ID: 2230001100

Symbol: NRM_HUMAN

Name: Nurim

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q8IXM6 B0S7R0 B0S7R1 I3XIE2 I3XIE3 Q5JP57 Q5JP58 Q5JP59 Q5JP60 Q8WU45 Q9BSX3 Q9UN92

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 19 Ensembl 21 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 5 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 23092226

Title: The integral nuclear membrane protein nurim plays a role in the suppression of apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 23092226

DOI: 10.2174/156652412803833571

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16702430

Title: Rapid evolution of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in primates generates new disease alleles in humans via hitchhiking diversity.

PubMed ID: 16702430

DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.057034

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10402458

Title: A visual screen of a GFP-fusion library identifies a new type of nuclear envelope membrane protein.

PubMed ID: 10402458

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.146.1.29

PubMed ID: 15542857

Title: Analysis of the localization and topology of nurim, a polytopic protein tightly associated with the inner nuclear membrane.

PubMed ID: 15542857

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410504200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 262
  • Mass: 29379
  • Checksum: 47ED52384BE6C299
  • Sequence:
    • MAPALLLIPA ALASFILAFG TGVEFVRFTS LRPLLGGIPE SGGPDARQGW LAALQDRSIL 
APLAWDLGLL LLFVGQHSLM AAERVKAWTS RYFGVLQRSL YVACTALALQ LVMRYWEPIP 
KGPVLWEARA EPWATWVPLL CFVLHVISWL LIFSILLVFD YAELMGLKQV YYHVLGLGEP 
LALKSPRALR LFSHLRHPVC VELLTVLWVV PTLGTDRLLL AFLLTLYLGL AHGLDQQDLR 
YLRAQLQRKL HLLSRPQDGE AE

Genular Protein ID: 3973577486

Symbol: B3KQU6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B3KQU6

Database IDs:

ARBA 9 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 RefSeq 5 SAM 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 16303743

Title: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries.

PubMed ID: 16303743

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 262
  • Mass: 29389
  • Checksum: 472252384A36C299
  • Sequence:
    • MAPALLLIPA ALAPFILAFG TGVEFVRFTS LRPLLGGIPE SGGPDARQGW LAALQDRSIL 
APLAWDLGLL LLFVGQHSLM AAERVKAWTS RYFGVLQRSL YVACTALALQ LVMRYWEPIP 
KGPVLWEARA EPWATWVPLL CFVLHVISWL LIFSILLVFD YAELMGLKQV YYHVLGLGEP 
LALKSPRALR LFSHLRHPVC VELLTVLWVV PTLGTDRLLL AFLLTLYLGL AHGLDQQDLR 
YLRAQLQRKL HLLSRPQDGE AE