Details for: ADAMTSL4

Gene ID: 54507

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ADAMTSL4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143382

Description: ADAMTS like 4

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 10
    rCSI 12.37%
    PRS 86.8
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 5.14
    rCSI 6.46%
    PRS 94.03
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 4.31
    rCSI 10.36%
    PRS 89.56
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 3.56
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 94.93
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 3.46
    rCSI 7.91%
    PRS 89.18
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 7.96%
    PRS 86.49
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 89.71
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 4.32%
    PRS 86.87
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 93.48
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.08%
    PRS 92.36
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 87.61
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 91.36
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 1.85%
    PRS 93.25
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.69%
    PRS 90.65
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 5.08%
    PRS 90.52
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 3.21%
    PRS 84.46
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.58
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 94.11
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 2.46%
    PRS 91.25
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 93.51
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.33
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 90.46
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.22
    rCSI 1.93%
    PRS 89.09
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 1.19
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 92.99
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 0.95
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 82.89
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 0.58
    rCSI 6.36%
    PRS 94.22

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507), or ADAMTS like 4, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1q21.2. It encodes a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the ADAMTS-like protein family, which are characterized by the presence of thrombospondin type 1 repeats but lack the metalloproteinase domain typical of the ADAMTS family. Functionally, [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) is integral to the organization of the extracellular matrix ([GO:0030198](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030198)) and has been shown to interact with fibrillin-1 microfibrils, accelerating their biogenesis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-5955)). Mutations in this gene are clinically associated with autosomal recessive isolated ectopia lentis ([225100](https://omim.org/entry/225100)) and ectopia lentis et pupillae ([225200](https://omim.org/entry/225200)), highlighting its critical role in connective tissue development, particularly in the eye ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.007)). **Overall**, expression data reveals its highest significance in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) cells, with notable expression in various macrophage and fibroblast populations, suggesting diverse roles in tissue remodeling, immunity, and placental development. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) indicates a specialized role in cells actively involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) modulation and tissue remodeling. **Overall**, the gene demonstrates exceptional significance in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) (CSI: 10.00), a cell type critical for placental implantation and invasion of the uterine wall. Its high expression is also observed in other placental cells, including [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) and [syncytiotrophoblast cell](/details-cell/CL0000525), underscoring a key function in feto-maternal interface development. A second major expression signature is found within the myeloid lineage, particularly in cells associated with tissue homeostasis and repair. [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) is a significant marker for [alternatively activated macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000890) (CSI: 5.14), a cell type involved in anti-inflammatory responses and wound healing. This pattern extends to other related cell types, including [Kupffer cell](/details-cell/CL0000091), various monocyte subsets such as [CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002397) and [intermediate monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002393), and [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0002399), suggesting a broad role in myeloid cell function within tissues. Finally, consistent with its function in ECM organization, [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) shows significant expression in several fibroblast and mesenchymal cell types. These include [keratocyte](/details-cell/CL0002363) of the cornea, [alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell](/details-cell/CL4028004), [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093), and [adventitial cell](/details-cell/CL0002503). This pattern is consistent with its known role in maintaining connective tissue integrity throughout the body. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) are primarily centered on the regulation and structure of the extracellular environment. As a secreted protein, it is localized to the [extracellular region](/details-cell/GO:0005576) and is a component of the [collagen-containing extracellular matrix](/details-cell/GO:0062023). Its primary annotated biological process is [extracellular matrix organization](/details-cell/GO:0030198). This is supported by molecular function annotations indicating its capacity for [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515), including [protease binding](/details-cell/GO:0002020), which may regulate ECM turnover. Research has demonstrated that [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) directly binds to fibrillin-1, a key component of microfibrils, and facilitates their assembly ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-5955)). This interaction mechanistically explains why mutations in the gene lead to connective tissue disorders such as ectopia lentis. Reactome pathway analysis further highlights its nature as a glycoprotein, implicating it in processes such as [O-linked glycosylation](/details-cell/R-HSA-5173105) and general [post-translational protein modification](/details-cell/R-HSA-597592). This modification is crucial for its proper secretion and function in the extracellular space. Notably, it is also associated with disease pathways, including [diseases of glycosylation](/details-cell/R-HSA-3781865), which aligns with its clinical significance. Additionally, functional annotations link [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) to the [apoptotic process](/details-cell/GO:0006915), suggesting a potential role in regulating cell survival, which has been investigated in the context of cancer ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.005)). ## Research Directions The specific expression patterns and established functions of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) provide a basis for several testable hypotheses regarding its role in physiology and disease. 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Given its exceptionally high CSI in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036), [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) is essential for regulating uterine extracellular matrix remodeling during placental implantation. Its dysfunction could contribute to pathologies such as pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** The high expression of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) in [alternatively activated macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000890) suggests that it is a key secreted factor that promotes an M2-like, pro-reparative phenotype. It may function by modifying the local matrix to create a microenvironment conducive to tissue healing and resolution of inflammation. 3. **Hypothesis 3:** Beyond the eye, the expression of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) in various fibroblasts ([keratocyte](/details-cell/CL0002363), [alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell](/details-cell/CL4028004)) indicates a general role in maintaining connective tissue homeostasis. It may be dysregulated in fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or corneal scarring. **Proposed Experiment:** To test Hypothesis 2, one could investigate the role of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) in macrophage polarization. Primary human monocytes could be differentiated into M2 macrophages in vitro. The [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) gene could then be knocked down using siRNA or CRISPR-Cas9. The impact on macrophage phenotype would be assessed by measuring the expression of canonical M2 markers (e.g., *CD163*, *MRC1*, *IL10*) via qPCR or RNA-seq and by conducting functional assays, such as assessing the ability of conditioned media from these macrophages to promote fibroblast migration or collagen deposition in a co-culture system. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a secreted protein, [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) is an accessible therapeutic target. In the context of fibrotic diseases, where excessive ECM deposition is pathological, inhibition of [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) activity with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody could represent a viable strategy to limit tissue scarring. Conversely, in conditions characterized by deficient ECM, such as ectopia lentis, protein replacement therapy with recombinant [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) could be explored as a means to restore microfibril architecture, although delivery and stability would be significant challenges. Its role in macrophage polarization also suggests that targeting [ADAMTSL4](/details-gene/54507) could modulate the immune microenvironment in cancer or autoimmune diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1828956853

Symbol: ATL4_HUMAN

Name: ADAMTS-like protein 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15498874

Title: Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression.

PubMed ID: 15498874

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404089101

PubMed ID: 12706885

Title: TSRC1, a widely expressed gene containing seven thrombospondin type I repeats.

PubMed ID: 12706885

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00423-2

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16364318

Title: Cathepsin B and its interacting proteins, bikunin and TSRC1, correlate with TNF-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells OV-90.

PubMed ID: 16364318

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.005

PubMed ID: 19200529

Title: A homozygous mutation in ADAMTSL4 causes autosomal-recessive isolated ectopia lentis.

PubMed ID: 19200529

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.007

PubMed ID: 19139490

Title: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins.

PubMed ID: 19139490

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800504-mcp200

PubMed ID: 20702823

Title: A novel ADAMTSL4 mutation in autosomal recessive ectopia lentis et pupillae.

PubMed ID: 20702823

DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5597

PubMed ID: 21989719

Title: ADAMTSL4, a secreted glycoprotein widely distributed in the eye, binds Fibrillin-1 microfibrils and accelerates microfibril biogenesis.

PubMed ID: 21989719

DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5955

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1074
  • Mass: 116545
  • Checksum: 79AE0E5DF5488CA1
  • Sequence:
  • MENWTGRPWL YLLLLLSLPQ LCLDQEVLSG HSLQTPTEEG QGPEGVWGPW VQWASCSQPC 
    GVGVQRRSRT CQLPTVQLHP SLPLPPRPPR HPEALLPRGQ GPRPQTSPET LPLYRTQSRG 
    RGGPLRGPAS HLGREETQEI RAARRSRLRD PIKPGMFGYG RVPFALPLHR NRRHPRSPPR 
    SELSLISSRG EEAIPSPTPR AEPFSANGSP QTELPPTELS VHTPSPQAEP LSPETAQTEV 
    APRTRPAPLR HHPRAQASGT EPPSPTHSLG EGGFFRASPQ PRRPSSQGWA SPQVAGRRPD 
    PFPSVPRGRG QQGQGPWGTG GTPHGPRLEP DPQHPGAWLP LLSNGPHASS LWSLFAPSSP 
    IPRCSGESEQ LRACSQAPCP PEQPDPRALQ CAAFNSQEFM GQLYQWEPFT EVQGSQRCEL 
    NCRPRGFRFY VRHTEKVQDG TLCQPGAPDI CVAGRCLSPG CDGILGSGRR PDGCGVCGGD 
    DSTCRLVSGN LTDRGGPLGY QKILWIPAGA LRLQIAQLRP SSNYLALRGP GGRSIINGNW 
    AVDPPGSYRA GGTVFRYNRP PREEGKGESL SAEGPTTQPV DVYMIFQEEN PGVFYQYVIS 
    SPPPILENPT PEPPVPQLQP EILRVEPPLA PAPRPARTPG TLQRQVRIPQ MPAPPHPRTP 
    LGSPAAYWKR VGHSACSASC GKGVWRPIFL CISRESGEEL DERSCAAGAR PPASPEPCHG 
    TPCPPYWEAG EWTSCSRSCG PGTQHRQLQC RQEFGGGGSS VPPERCGHLP RPNITQSCQL 
    RLCGHWEVGS PWSQCSVRCG RGQRSRQVRC VGNNGDEVSE QECASGPPQP PSREACDMGP 
    CTTAWFHSDW SSKCSAECGT GIQRRSVVCL GSGAALGPGQ GEAGAGTGQS CPTGSRPPDM 
    RACSLGPCER TWRWYTGPWG ECSSECGSGT QRRDIICVSK LGTEFNVTSP SNCSHLPRPP 
    ALQPCQGQAC QDRWFSTPWS PCSRSCQGGT QTREVQCLST NQTLSTRCPP QLRPSRKRPC 
    NSQPCSQRPD DQCKDSSPHC PLVVQARLCV YPYYTATCCR SCAHVLERSP QDPS

Genular Protein ID: 1293855770

Symbol: Q9UFG7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 111
  • Mass: 12465
  • Checksum: 70C8AD58B5F06F2D
  • Sequence:
  • PCQGQACQDR WFSTPWSPCS RSCQGGTQTR EVQCLSTNQT LSTRCPPQLR PSRKRPCNSQ 
    PCSQRPDDQC KDSSPHCPLV VQARLCVYPY YTATCCRSCA HVLERSPQDP S

Genular Protein ID: 1263808359

Symbol: A0A669KBE7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1035
  • Mass: 112006
  • Checksum: 6B468E909D93B0DB
  • Sequence:
  • MENWTGRPWL YLLLLLSLPQ LCLDQEVLSG HSLQTPTEEG QGPEGVWGPW VQWASCSQPC 
    GVGVQRRSRT CQLPTVQLHP SLPLPPRPPR HPEALLPRGQ GPRPQTSPET LPLYRTQSRG 
    RGGPLRGPAS HLGREETQEI RAARRSRLRD PIKPGMFGYG RVPFALPLHR NRRHPRSPPR 
    SELSLISSRG EEAIPSPTPR AEPFSANGSP QTELPPTELS VHTPSPQAEP LSPETAQTEV 
    APRTRPAPLR HHPRAQASGT EPPSPTHSLG EGGFFRASPQ PRRPSSQGWA SPQVAGRRPD 
    PFPSVPRGRG QQGQGPWGTG GTPHGPRLEP DPQHPGAWLP LLSNGPHASS LWSLFAPSSP 
    IPRCSGESEQ LRACSQAPCP PEQPDPRALQ CAAFNSQEFM GQLYQWEPFT EAPLLPLRHA 
    FFLLPGAGSG DSTGVQGSQR CELNCRPRGF RFYVRHTEKV QDGTLCQPGA PDICVAGRCL 
    SPGCDGILGS GRRPDGCGVC GGDDSTCRLV SGNLTDRGGP LGYQKILWIP AGALRLQIAQ 
    LRPSSNYLAL RGPGGRSIIN GNWAVDPPGS YRAGGTVFRY NRPPREEGKG ESLSAEGPTT 
    QPVDVYMIFQ EENPGVFYQT PLGSPAAYWK RVGHSACSAS CGKGVWRPIF LCISRESGEE 
    LDERSCAAGA RPPASPEPCH GTPCPPYWEA GEWTSCSRSC GPGTQHRQLQ CRQEFGGGGS 
    SVPPERCGHL PRPNITQSCQ LRLCGHWEVG SPWSQCSVRC GRGQRSRQVR CVGNNGDEVS 
    EQECASGPPQ PPSREACDMG PCTTAWFHSD WSSKCSAECG TGIQRRSVVC LGSGAALGPG 
    QGEAGAGTGQ SCPTGSRPPD MRACSLGPCE RTWRWYTGPW GECSSECGSG TQRRDIICVS 
    KLGTEFNVTS PSNCSHLPRP PALQPCQGQA CQDRWFSTPW SPCSRSCQGG TQTREVQCLS 
    TNQTLSTRCP PQLRPSRKRP CNSQPCSQRP DDQCKDSSPH CPLVVQARLC VYPYYTATCC 
    RSCAHVLERS PQDPS

Genular Protein ID: 220350002

Symbol: B7ZMJ3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1035
  • Mass: 112032
  • Checksum: A1AE21503390AA93
  • Sequence:
  • MENWTGRPWL YLLLLLSLPQ LCLDQEVLSG HSLQTPTEEG QGPEGVWGPW VQWASCSQPC 
    GVGVQRRSRT CQLPTVQLHP SLPLPPRPPR HPEALLPRGQ GPRPQTSPET LPLYRTQSRG 
    RGGPLRGPAS HLGREETQEI RAARRSRLRD PIKPGMFGYG RVPFALPLHR NRRHPRSPPR 
    SELSLISSRG EEPIPSPTPR AEPFSANGSP QTELPPTELS VHTPSPQAEP LSPETAQTEV 
    APRTRPAPLR HHPRAQASGT EPPSPTHSLG EGGFFRASPQ PRRPSSQGWA SPQVAGRRPD 
    PFPSVPRGRG QQGQGPWGTG GTPHGPRLEP DPQHPGAWLP LLSNGPHASS LWSLFAPSSP 
    IPRCSGESEQ LRACSQAPCP PEQPDPRALQ CAAFNSQEFM GQLYQWEPFT EAPLLPLRHA 
    FFLLPGAGSG DSTGVQGSQR CELNCRPRGF RFYVRHTEKV QDGTLCQPGA PDICVAGRCL 
    SPGCDGILGS GRRPDGCGVC GGDDSTCRLV SGNLTDRGGP LGYQKILWIP AGALRLQIAQ 
    LRPSSNYLAL RGPGGRSIIN GNWAVDPPGS YRAGGTVFRY NRPPREEGKG ESLSAEGPTT 
    QPVDVYMIFQ EENPGVFYQT PLGSPAAYWK RVGHSACSAS CGKGVWRPIF LCISRESGEE 
    LDERSCAAGA RPPASPEPCH GTPCPPYWEA GEWTSCSRSC GPGTQHRQLQ CRQEFGGGGS 
    SVPPERCGHL PRPNITQSCQ LRLCGHWEVG SPWSQCSVRC GRGQRSRQVR CVGNNGDEVS 
    EQECASGPPQ PPSREACDMG PCTTAWFHSD WSSKCSAECG TGIQRRSVVC LGSGAALGPG 
    QGEAGAGTGQ SCPTGSRPPD MRACSLGPCE RTWRWYTGPW GECSSECGSG TQRRDIICVS 
    KLGTEFNVTS PSNCSHLPRP PALQPCQGQA CQDRWFSTPW SPCSRSCQGG TQTREVQCLS 
    TNQTLSTRCP PQLRPSRKRP CNSQPCSQRP DDQCKDSSPH CPLVVQARLC VYPYYTATCC 
    RSCAHVLERS PQDPS