Details for: CEP85

Gene ID: 64793

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CEP85

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130695

Description: centrosomal protein 85

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 3.62
    rCSI 4.85%
    PRS 98.26
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 9.36%
    PRS 95.05
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.69
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 94.1
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 95.03
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 3.31%
    PRS 91.36
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 4.31%
    PRS 94.94
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 3.88%
    PRS 96.71
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 2.44
    rCSI 4.96%
    PRS 88.48
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 92.76
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 2.56%
    PRS 93.24
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 93.01
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 93.33
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 4.69%
    PRS 96.74
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 92.74
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.96
    rCSI 2.33%
    PRS 91.32
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.92
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 93.19
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.83
    rCSI 4.87%
    PRS 92.72
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.79
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 94.06
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.78
    rCSI 2.95%
    PRS 92.48
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.72
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 91.51
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 0.35
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 90.31
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 0.31
    rCSI 7.36%
    PRS 90.53

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) is a protein-coding gene that encodes Centrosomal Protein 85, a key component of the centrosome. Functionally, it is integral to fundamental cellular processes including centriole assembly, chromosome segregation, and cell migration. Research indicates it plays a critical role in mitotic regulation by antagonizing the kinase Nek2A to control centrosome disjunction ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.171637)) and by directly binding STIL to facilitate PLK4 activation, a crucial step for both centriole assembly and directed cell motility ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04122-x), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.238352)). **Overall**, expression data reveals its significance not only in proliferative cells but also in a diverse array of specialized, terminally differentiated cell types such as [renal alpha-intercalated cell](/details-cell/CL0005011), [regular atrial cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002129), and various neuronal subtypes, suggesting it has both mitotic and non-mitotic functions related to cytoskeletal organization. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) highlights its importance across a wide range of specialized cell types, suggesting a fundamental role in cellular architecture and division rather than a lineage-specific function. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in several functionally distinct cellular contexts: * **Specialized Epithelial and Myocardial Cells:** It is a top marker in [renal alpha-intercalated cell](/details-cell/CL0005011) (CSI: 3.62) and [regular atrial cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002129) (CSI: 2.91), cells characterized by complex structural organization and high metabolic activity. Its prominence in these largely post-mitotic cells suggests a potential role in maintaining microtubule organizing center (MTOC) function and cytoskeletal integrity. * **Nervous System:** [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) is highly significant in various neuronal populations, including [neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338), [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751), and multiple GABAergic cortical interneurons (e.g., [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018)). This pattern is consistent with its established role in cell migration, a critical process during neurodevelopment. * **Proliferative Tissues:** The gene is also prominent in highly proliferative cells like [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 2.51) and its derivative, the [syncytiotrophoblast cell](/details-cell/CL0000525). This aligns with its core functions in centriole replication and chromosome segregation during mitosis. The broad expression across these disparate cell types, from dividing trophoblasts to terminally differentiated neurons and cardiac muscle, underscores the universal importance of the centrosome machinery that [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) helps regulate. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) firmly place it at the heart of centrosome biology and cell cycle control. Its localization to the [centrosome](/details-cell/GO:0005813), [centriole](/details-cell/GO:0005814), and [spindle pole](/details-cell/GO:0000922) is consistent with its primary molecular roles. Key biological processes associated with [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) include: * **Centrosome Cycle Regulation:** It is directly involved in [centriole replication](/details-cell/GO:0007099) and [centriole assembly](/details-cell/GO:0098534). Mechanistically, this is achieved through its direct binding to STIL, which is essential for the robust activation of the master centriole duplication kinase PLK4 ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04122-x)). It also participates in the [regulation of mitotic centrosome separation](/details-cell/GO:0046602), partly by acting as an antagonist to Nek2A kinase activity ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.171637)). * **Cell Division and Migration:** Its role in ensuring proper [chromosome segregation](/details-cell/GO:0007059) is a direct consequence of its function in spindle pole formation. Furthermore, the [CEP85](/details-gene/64793)-STIL-PLK4 axis has been shown to be critical for directed [cell migration](/details-cell/GO:0016477) ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.238352)), a process that explains its high significance in cell types like neuroblasts. * **Protein-Protein Interactions:** Its molecular functions are dominated by [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515) and [identical protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0042802), reflecting its role as a scaffold protein that assembles larger complexes at the centrosome. ## Research Directions The widespread significance of [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) in both mitotic and post-mitotic cells opens several avenues for future investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in multiple neuronal subtypes and its demonstrated role in cell migration via the STIL-PLK4 axis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.238352)), [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) is likely a critical regulator of neuronal migration during cortical development. Dysregulation or mutation of [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) could lead to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with improper neuronal positioning. 2. The high significance of [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) in terminally differentiated, structurally complex cells like [regular atrial cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002129) and [renal alpha-intercalated cell](/details-cell/CL0005011) suggests a non-canonical, non-mitotic function. In these cells, [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) may act as a key structural component of the primary cilium or the non-centrosomal microtubule organizing center, crucial for maintaining cellular architecture and intracellular transport. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding neuronal migration (Hypothesis 1), a powerful approach would be to use a mouse model combined with *in utero* electroporation. Neural progenitor cells in the ventricular zone of embryonic day 14.5 mouse brains could be transfected with a CRISPR-Cas9 system targeting [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) along with a fluorescent reporter plasmid (e.g., GFP). The brains would be harvested at postnatal stages (e.g., P7), and cortical sections would be analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. A significant mislocalization of GFP-positive neurons compared to control (non-targeting gRNA) animals would provide strong evidence for the essential role of [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) in guiding radial migration. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a crucial regulator of centriole duplication and cell migration, [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) represents a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Many cancers exhibit centrosome amplification and enhanced migratory capabilities, processes in which [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) is fundamentally involved. Therefore, the development of small molecule inhibitors that disrupt the protein-protein interaction between [CEP85](/details-gene/64793) and STIL could be a viable anti-cancer strategy. Such a therapeutic would likely inhibit both tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. The primary strategy would be **inhibition**, aiming to arrest the cell cycle and block invasive migration in tumors where the PLK4 pathway is hyperactive.

Genular Protein ID: 1415638869

Symbol: CEP85_HUMAN

Name: Centrosomal protein of 85 kDa

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q6P2H3 B4DRL1 D3DPK4 F8W7K4 Q5VY68 Q5VY70 Q9H6Q1 Q9H828 Q9UF52

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 10 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 15 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 4 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21399614

Title: Novel asymmetrically localizing components of human centrosomes identified by complementary proteomics methods.

PubMed ID: 21399614

DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.63

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 26220856

Title: Characterization of Cep85 - a new antagonist of Nek2A that is involved in the regulation of centrosome disjunction.

PubMed ID: 26220856

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171637

PubMed ID: 26471995

Title:

PubMed ID: 26471995

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180463

PubMed ID: 32107292

Title: Direct interaction between CEP85 and STIL mediates PLK4-driven directed cell migration.

PubMed ID: 32107292

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238352

PubMed ID: 29712910

Title: Direct binding of CEP85 to STIL ensures robust PLK4 activation and efficient centriole assembly.

PubMed ID: 29712910

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04122-x

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 762
  • Mass: 85639
  • Checksum: E6003FD530D8ACA8
  • Sequence:
    • MAMQEKYPTE GISHVTSPSS DVIQKGSSLG TEWQTPVISE PFRSRFSRCS SVADSGDTAI 
GTSCSDIAED FCSSSGSPPF QPIKSHVTIP TAHVMPSTLG TSPAKPNSTP VGPSSSKLPL 
SGLAESVGMT RNGDLGAMKH SPGLSRDLMY FSGATGENGI EQSWFPAVGH ERQEEARKFD 
IPSMESTLNQ SAMMETLYSD PHHRVRFHNP RTSTSKELYR VLPEAKKAPG SGAVFERNGP 
HSNSSGVLPL GLQPAPGLSK PLPSQVWQPS PDTWHPREQS CELSTCRQQL ELIRLQMEQM 
QLQNGAICHH PAAFGPSLPI LEPAQWISIL NSNEHLLKEK ELLIDKQRKH ISQLEQKVRE 
SELQVHSALL GRPAPFGDVC LLRLQELQRE NTFLRAQFAQ KTEALSREKI DLEKKLSASE 
VEVQLIRESL KVALQKHSEE VKKQEERVKG RDKHINNLKK KCQKESEQNR EKQQRIETLE 
RYLADLPTLE DHQKQSQQLK DSELKSTELQ EKVTELESLL EETQAICREK EIQLESLRQR 
EAEFSSAGHS LQDKQSVEET SGEGPEVEME SWQKRYDSLQ KIVEKQQQKM DQLRSQVQSL 
EQEVAQEEGT SQALREEAQR RDSALQQLRT AVKELSVQNQ DLIEKNLTLQ EHLRQAQPGS 
PPSPDTAQLA LELHQELASC LQDLQAVCSI VTQRAQGHDP NLSLLLGIHS AQHPETQLDL 
QKPDVIKRKL EEVQQLRRDI EDLRTTMSDR YAQDMGENCV TQ