Details for: TMEM125

Gene ID: 128218

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TMEM125

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179178

Description: transmembrane protein 125

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 14.3
    rCSI 11.86%
    PRS 85.97
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 6.57
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 84.14
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 4.12
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 84.24
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 3.81
    rCSI 3.39%
    PRS 82.65
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 5.42%
    PRS 89.13
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 3.29
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 88.19
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 3.14
    rCSI 5.08%
    PRS 79.91
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.11
    rCSI 2.94%
    PRS 83.12
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 75.05
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 4.55%
    PRS 87.47
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 4.55%
    PRS 83.01
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 87.34
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 79.61
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 2.35
    rCSI 2.72%
    PRS 78.25
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 79.27
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 3.45%
    PRS 91.49
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 2.19%
    PRS 82.47
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 2.92%
    PRS 89.83
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.95
    rCSI 2.03%
    PRS 82.55
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 2%
    PRS 86.83
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 84.09
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 19.03%
    PRS 90.29
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 2.53%
    PRS 79.89
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 92.4
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 89.59
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.15%
    PRS 89.49
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 87.6
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.57
    rCSI 3.88%
    PRS 85.35
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 90.22
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.42%
    PRS 78.36
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 89.15
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.43
    rCSI 3.17%
    PRS 84.67
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 1.05
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 88.61
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.75
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 81.07
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.65
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 89.63

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) (Transmembrane protein 125) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1p34.2. Based on functional annotations and expression data, [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) is identified as an integral membrane protein. **Overall** expression analysis reveals that the gene is a highly significant marker for various epithelial and secretory cell populations, particularly those lining mucosal surfaces. Its most prominent expression is observed in the [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082), with significant enrichment also noted in cells of the fallopian tube, intestine, and respiratory tract, suggesting a specialized role in the function of these barrier tissues. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) strongly indicates a primary function within epithelial and secretory lineages. The **Overall** analysis identifies its highest significance in the [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) (CSI: 14.30), highlighting the respiratory system as a key site of its activity. The gene's role appears conserved across multiple secretory tissues. It is a significant marker in [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) (CSI: 6.57), general [secretory cell](/details-cell/CL0000151) (CSI: 4.12), and mucus-producing cells such as the [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) (CSI: 3.81) and [nasal mucosa goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0002480) (CSI: 2.70). This consistent association with secretory and goblet cells across different organ systems suggests a fundamental role in secretion-related processes, such as mucus production or transport. Furthermore, [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) shows significant expression in ciliated cells, including [ciliated cell](/details-cell/CL0000064) (CSI: 3.14) and [lung ciliated cell](/details-cell/CL1000271) (CSI: 2.35). This co-expression in both secretory and ciliated cells, which together form the mucociliary escalator, may indicate a coordinated function in maintaining mucosal homeostasis and defense. The gene's presence in [pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell](/details-cell/CL0002063) (CSI: 2.94), responsible for surfactant production, further reinforces its connection to specialized secretory functions within the lung. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotation for [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) is currently broad, classifying it under high-level terms such as [biological_process](/details-go/GO:0008150) ([GO:0008150](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008150)) and [molecular_function](/details-go/GO:0003674) ([GO:0003674](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003674)). The most specific annotation available is its localization to the [membrane](/details-go/GO:0016020) ([GO:0016020](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016020)), which is consistent with its designation as a transmembrane protein. This localization is supported by foundational cDNA projects ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504)) and cancer sequencing studies ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133427)). While specific pathways are not yet defined, its membrane localization combined with its expression pattern in secretory and ciliated epithelial cells suggests potential roles in: * Transport of ions or molecules across the cell membrane, which could be critical for maintaining the periciliary fluid layer or for the hydration of secreted mucus. * Cell surface signaling or adhesion, contributing to the structural integrity and communication within epithelial barriers. * Vesicular transport or exocytosis, directly participating in the secretion of mucus or other products from goblet and secretory cells. ## Research Directions The specific function of [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) remains largely uncharacterized, but its distinct expression pattern provides a strong foundation for targeted investigation. The data prompts several testable hypotheses. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. **[TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) is a critical component of the machinery for mucus production and/or secretion in goblet cells.** Its high expression in goblet cells of both the lung and intestine suggests it may regulate mucin granule formation, transport, or exocytosis. 2. **[TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) plays a role in the function or maintenance of cilia in respiratory epithelial cells.** As a membrane protein, it could function as an ion channel or anchor protein essential for ciliary structure or beat frequency, thereby contributing to mucociliary clearance. 3. **The gene is involved in maintaining the integrity of epithelial barriers.** Its consistent expression at mucosal surfaces could indicate a function in cell-cell junctions or in the cellular response to environmental or pathogenic stressors. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) is involved in mucus secretion (Hypothesis 1), a compelling experiment would be to use an *in vitro* air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. This model recapitulates the differentiation of basal cells into a pseudostratified epithelium containing both ciliated and mucus-producing goblet cells. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout or siRNA-mediated knockdown of [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) could be performed. The functional consequences would be assessed by quantifying the expression of key mucin genes (e.g., *MUC5AC*, *MUC5B*) via RNA-seq, measuring secreted mucin protein levels in apical washes via ELISA or mass spectrometry, and evaluating goblet cell differentiation and morphology using immunofluorescence and histological stains like Alcian Blue. **Therapeutic Potential:** Given its high and specific expression in secretory cells of the respiratory tract, [TMEM125](/details-gene/128218) presents a potential therapeutic target for diseases characterized by aberrant mucus production, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or cystic fibrosis. If the protein promotes mucus hypersecretion, its inhibition via a small molecule or monoclonal antibody could be a strategy to alleviate mucus obstruction. Conversely, if it is essential for proper mucociliary function, targeting it for activation could be beneficial. Its nature as a transmembrane protein makes it accessible to extracellular agents, enhancing its druggability.

Genular Protein ID: 797899861

Symbol: TM125_HUMAN

Name: Transmembrane protein 125

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q96AQ2 D3DPX1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 4 STRING 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 219
  • Mass: 22172
  • Checksum: 868D23D63AD804A0
  • Sequence:
    • MSEQEAQAPG GRGLPPDMLA EQVELWWSQQ PRRSALCFVV AVGLVAGCGA GGVALLSTTS 
SRSGEWRLAT GTVLCLLALL VLVKQLMSSA VQDMNCIRQA HHVALLRSGG GADALVVLLS 
GLVLLVTGLT LAGLAAAPAP ARPLAAMLSV GIALAALGSL LLLGLLLYQV GVSGHCPSIC 
MATPSTHSGH GGHGSIFSIS GQLSAGRRHE TTSSIASLI