Details for: ZDHHC16

Gene ID: 84287

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ZDHHC16

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171307

Description: zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 16

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 18.64
    rCSI 29.64%
    PRS 92.55
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 9.57%
    PRS 72.03
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 5.01
    rCSI 6.83%
    PRS 91.45
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 4.11
    rCSI 4.98%
    PRS 79.44
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 3.73
    rCSI 4.61%
    PRS 94.07
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 3.68
    rCSI 3.05%
    PRS 96.31
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 3.56
    rCSI 2.76%
    PRS 96.79
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 3.22
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 96.17
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 5.24%
    PRS 72.18
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 2.22%
    PRS 97.21
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 91.74
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 3.89%
    PRS 72
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 3.77%
    PRS 96.67
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 2.35%
    PRS 89.9
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 96.46
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 94.85
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 3.21%
    PRS 95.21
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 93.31
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 96.28
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 2.25%
    PRS 93.82
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 94.05
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 91.63
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 2.96%
    PRS 85.98
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 2.19
    rCSI 3.67%
    PRS 87.87
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 92.91
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 87.39
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 89.85
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.47
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 90.02
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.38
    rCSI 2.22%
    PRS 88.7
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.17
    rCSI 4.09%
    PRS 97.35
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 1.14
    rCSI 1.62%
    PRS 90.65
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.85
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 88.64

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.
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  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10q24.1 that encodes the zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 16. As a member of the ZDHHC family of enzymes, its primary molecular function is [protein palmitoylation](/details-gene/GO:0018345), a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of palmitate to cysteine residues of substrate proteins. This process is crucial for regulating protein trafficking, stability, and signaling. Functionally, [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) has been implicated in a variety of developmental processes, including [heart development](/details-gene/GO:0007507) and [eye development](/details-gene/GO:0001654), and cellular responses such as the [apoptotic process](/details-gene/GO:0006915). Its expression is most pronounced in [chondrocytes](/details-cell/CL0000138), suggesting a specialized role in cartilage biology, but it is also significantly expressed in diverse cell types including epidermal cells, neurons, and immune cells. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) points to a broad but specific set of biological roles across multiple tissues. **Overall**, the gene shows exceptionally high significance in [chondrocytes](/details-cell/CL0000138) (CSI: 18.64), indicating it may be a critical enzyme for cartilage development, homeostasis, or extracellular matrix maintenance. Beyond this primary cell type, [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) is significantly expressed in various epithelial and barrier tissues. Its notable presence in [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187), [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013), and [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) suggests a role in maintaining the integrity and function of these protective layers. The gene also demonstrates relevance in the nervous system, as evidenced by its expression in [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032), which is consistent with its annotated function in [telencephalon development](/details-gene/GO:0021537). Furthermore, [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) appears to be active in several immune cell populations, including [CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive](/details-cell/CL0001203) and both [plasmacytoid](/details-cell/CL0001058) and [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990), suggesting it may modulate immune cell function through the palmitoylation of key signaling proteins. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) is an integral membrane protein primarily located in the [endoplasmic reticulum membrane](/details-gene/GO:0005789) and the [Golgi apparatus](/details-cell/GO:0005794), which are key cellular compartments for post-translational modifications. Its principal molecular function is [protein-cysteine s-palmitoyltransferase activity](/details-gene/GO:0019706), which underpins its involvement in the broader biological process of [protein palmitoylation](/details-gene/GO:0018345). Research has demonstrated its role in a specific palmitoylation cascade with ZDHHC6, indicating a cooperative or sequential function with other family members ([Link](https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.27826)). The gene's functional annotations connect this core enzymatic activity to higher-order biological processes. It is implicated in fundamental cellular events like the [apoptotic process](/details-gene/GO:0006915) and the [dna damage response](/details-gene/GO:0006974). Its involvement in developmental pathways is significant, with roles noted in [heart development](/details-gene/GO:0007507), [eye development](/details-gene/GO:0001654), and specific aspects of brain development, such as the [fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment](/details-gene/GO:0021899). This wide-ranging functional profile is consistent with the diverse cellular expression landscape of the gene. ## Research Directions The unique expression pattern and enzymatic function of [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) present several avenues for future research, particularly concerning its role in tissue homeostasis and disease. Based on the available data, the following testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. The exceptionally high expression of [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) in [chondrocytes](/details-cell/CL0000138) indicates that it is essential for cartilage maintenance. Its enzymatic activity may be required for the proper localization and function of membrane-associated proteins critical for extracellular matrix synthesis, and its dysregulation could be a contributing factor in osteoarthritis or other chondrodysplasias. 2. Given its expression in epidermal stem/progenitor cells like the [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) and its link to apoptosis, [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) likely plays a regulatory role in skin homeostasis by controlling the palmitoylation status of proteins involved in cell fate decisions (proliferation vs. differentiation vs. apoptosis). To investigate the first hypothesis, a compelling experimental approach would be to generate a conditional knockout of [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) in the chondrocyte lineage in mice (e.g., using a Col2a1-Cre driver). The resulting phenotype could be analyzed for defects in skeletal development, cartilage integrity, and susceptibility to experimentally induced osteoarthritis. In parallel, proteomic and lipidomic analyses of [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287)-deficient chondrocytes in vitro would help identify its direct substrate proteins and elucidate the specific pathways it regulates. Regarding its therapeutic potential, [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) represents a plausible drug target due to its enzymatic nature. If specific substrates of [ZDHHC16](/details-gene/84287) are identified as oncoproteins whose function is dependent on palmitoylation, then developing specific inhibitors could be a viable strategy for certain cancers. Conversely, if loss-of-function mutations are linked to developmental disorders, strategies to enhance its activity could be considered, although this is technologically more challenging. The specificity of any therapeutic intervention would be critical, given its expression in multiple essential cell types.

Genular Protein ID: 2830605246

Symbol: ZDH16_HUMAN

Name: Zinc finger DHHC domain-containing protein 16

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q969W1 D3DR52 D3DR53 D3DR54 Q5JTG7 Q5JTH0 Q8N4Z6 Q8WY84 Q9BSV3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 4 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 6 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 RNAct 1 RefSeq 9 Rhea 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 17123647

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of human Aph2 gene, involved in AP-1 regulation by interaction with JAB1.

PubMed ID: 17123647

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2006.10.002

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 28826475

Title: Identification and dynamics of the human ZDHHC16-ZDHHC6 palmitoylation cascade.

PubMed ID: 28826475

DOI: 10.7554/elife.27826

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 377
  • Mass: 43633
  • Checksum: 68AC733DE498A81E
  • Sequence:
    • MRGQRSLLLG PARLCLRLLL LLGYRRRCPP LLRGLVQRWR YGKVCLRSLL YNSFGGSDTA 
VDAAFEPVYW LVDNVIRWFG VVFVVLVIVL TGSIVAIAYL CVLPLILRTY SVPRLCWHFF 
YSHWNLILIV FHYYQAITTP PGYPPQGRND IATVSICKKC IYPKPARTHH CSICNRCVLK 
MDHHCPWLNN CVGHYNHRYF FSFCFFMTLG CVYCSYGSWD LFREAYAAIE KMKQLDKNKL 
QAVANQTYHQ TPPPTFSFRE RMTHKSLVYL WFLCSSVALA LGALTVWHAV LISRGETSIE 
RHINKKERRR LQAKGRVFRN PYNYGCLDNW KVFLGVDTGR HWLTRVLLPS SHLPHGNGMS 
WEPPPWVTAH SASVMAV

Genular Protein ID: 629070346

Symbol: B4DNL2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DNL2

Database IDs:

ARBA 2 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 2 GO 3 InterPro 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PROSITE 1 Pfam 2 RefSeq 3 Rhea 3 RuleBase 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 359
  • Mass: 41830
  • Checksum: EC9AA53CB0D566FF
  • Sequence:
    • MRGQRSLLLG PARLCLRLLL LLGYRRRCPP LLRGLVQRWR YGKVCLRSLL YNSFGGSDTA 
VDAAFEPVYW LVDNVIRWFG VVFVVLVIVL TGSIVAIAYL CVLPLILRTY SVPRLCWHFF 
YSHWNLILIV FHYYQAITTP PGYPPQGRND IATVSICKKC IYPKPARTHH CSICNRCVLK 
MDHHCPWLNN CVGHYNHRYF FSFCFFMTLG CVYCSYGSWD LFREAYAAIE KMKQLDKNKL 
QAVANQTYHQ TPPPTFSFRE RMTHKSLVYL WFLCSRGETS IERHINKKER RRLQAKGRVF 
RNPYNYGCLD NWKVFLGVDT GRHWLTRVLL PSSHLPHGNG MSWEPPPWVT AHSASVMAV

Genular Protein ID: 1976321368

Symbol: B1AMU0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B1AMU0

Database IDs:

ARBA 2 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 1 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 2 GeneTree 1 HGNC 1 InterPro 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PROSITE 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 2 RefSeq 2 Rhea 3 RuleBase 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 307
  • Mass: 34982
  • Checksum: BE20372E26D6DD1E
  • Sequence:
    • MRGQRSLLLG PARLCLRLLL LLGYRRRCPP LLRGLVQRWR YGKVCLRSLL YNSFGGSDTA 
VDAAFEPVYW LVDNVIRWFG VVFVVLVIVL TGSIVAIAYL CVLPLILRTY SVPRLCWHFF 
YSHWNLILIV FHYYQAITTP PGYPPQGRND IATVSICKKC IYPKPARTHH CSICNRCVLK 
MDHHCHILPP ALSKLPTSLR PSFLSSVALA LGALTVWHAV LISRGETSIE RHINKKERRR 
LQAKGRVFRN PYNYGCLDNW KVFLGVDTGR HWLTRVLLPS SHLPHGNGMS WEPPPWVTAH 
SASVMAV