Details for: RFLNB

Gene ID: 359845

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: RFLNB

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183688

Description: refilin B

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 12.04
    rCSI 10.96%
    PRS 95.16
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 10.34
    rCSI 12.97%
    PRS 92.61
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 8.29
    rCSI 8.53%
    PRS 94.01
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 7.6
    rCSI 37.46%
    PRS 91.78
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 5.87
    rCSI 30.29%
    PRS 95.97
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 4.59
    rCSI 6.62%
    PRS 90.09
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 4.13
    rCSI 3.06%
    PRS 81.69
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 95.29
  • naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900
    CSI 4.09
    rCSI 2.87%
    PRS 94.99
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 3.96
    rCSI 7.54%
    PRS 93.44
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 3.86
    rCSI 2.28%
    PRS 97.18
  • mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 92.7
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 3.19
    rCSI 2.48%
    PRS 95.75
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 96.3
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.98
    rCSI 6.19%
    PRS 84.13
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 4.88%
    PRS 90.03
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 6.71%
    PRS 95.17
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 16.91%
    PRS 96.15
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 89.45
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 1.79%
    PRS 90.79
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 4.08%
    PRS 76.76
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 1.96%
    PRS 85.14
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 86.02
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 77.99
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 13.67%
    PRS 90.71
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 47.25%
    PRS 91.6
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 90.27
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 87.02
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.82%
    PRS 91.78
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 1.36%
    PRS 89.6
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 10.21%
    PRS 93.62
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 89.38
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 94.68
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 1.59%
    PRS 93.21
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.49
    rCSI 2.29%
    PRS 92.87
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.25
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 92.51
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 3.14%
    PRS 81.91
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 1.02
    rCSI 1.44%
    PRS 83.48
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.93
    rCSI 3.31%
    PRS 88.64
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 0.79
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 96.57
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.66
    rCSI 3.85%
    PRS 88.83
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.19
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 87.39

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845), or Refilin B, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17p13.3. It encodes a cytoplasmic protein known to be involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Functional annotations link [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) to critical cellular processes such as [actin filament bundle organization](/details-cell/GO:0061572), [filamin binding](/details-cell/GO:0031005), and [epithelial to mesenchymal transition](/details-cell/GO:0001837). **Overall**, expression data reveals its significant role primarily within the hematopoietic and vascular endothelial systems. It is most prominently expressed in various T cell subsets, particularly [effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000913), as well as in hematopoietic and dendritic cell progenitors, suggesting a function in immune cell differentiation, migration, and activation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) points to a specialized function in motile and developing cell populations. **Overall**, its significance is highest in immune cells, hematopoietic progenitors, and endothelial cells. * **Immune System:** [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) shows a particularly strong association with the T lymphocyte lineage. It is a top marker in [effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000913) (CSI: 12.04), [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) (CSI: 4.10), and both naive CD8+ and central memory CD4+ T cells. This pattern suggests a role beyond simple lineage marking, implicating it in the dynamic cytoskeletal rearrangements required for T cell surveillance, migration, and effector function. * **Hematopoietic Development:** The gene is highly significant in various progenitor populations, including [common dendritic progenitor](/details-cell/CL0001029) (CSI: 10.34), [hematopoietic precursor cell](/details-cell/CL0008001) (CSI: 8.29), and [myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000839) (CSI: 5.87). This suggests that [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) may be involved in regulating cell shape, adhesion, or migration during the differentiation and maturation of blood cells. * **Vascular Endothelium:** Significant expression is also noted in [endothelial cell of placenta](/details-cell/CL0009092) (CSI: 7.60) and [pulmonary capillary endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL4028001) (CSI: 3.96). This is consistent with its function in actin dynamics, a process fundamental to endothelial cell migration, permeability, and the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Notably, the absence of high significance in cell types such as neurons, muscle cells, or mature epithelial cells suggests a specialized role for [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) within the hematopoietic and vascular compartments, rather than being a ubiquitous cytoskeletal regulator. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) are intrinsically linked to the regulation and structuring of the cellular cytoskeleton. Foundational proteomics and transcriptomics studies have helped to characterize its cellular roles ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-5-17)). * **Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics:** The primary molecular function of Refilin B is its ability to bind filamin ([GO:0031005](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031005)), an actin-crosslinking protein. This interaction is central to its role in [actin filament bundle organization](/details-cell/GO:0061572). Such processes are essential for maintaining cell shape, enabling migration, and forming specialized structures like the immunological synapse in T cells or focal adhesions in migrating endothelial cells. * **Cell Migration and Development:** [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) is associated with [epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)](/details-cell/GO:0001837), a complex process involving a complete restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton to facilitate cell migration. While its high expression is not in epithelial cells, this functional link further supports its role in the migratory behavior of immune and endothelial cells. * **Skeletal Morphogenesis:** The gene is also annotated with roles in [skeletal system morphogenesis](/details-cell/GO:0048705) and the negative regulation of chondrocyte and bone development ([GO:0061182](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0061182), [GO:1900158](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1900158)). This may reflect a function during embryonic development or in the bone marrow microenvironment, where interactions between hematopoietic cells and bone-forming cells are critical. ## Research Directions The specific expression pattern and functional annotations of [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) suggest several avenues for future research into its role in immunology, vascular biology, and disease. **Proposed Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in [effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000913) and its function in actin organization, [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) is likely essential for the formation and stability of the immunological synapse, thereby regulating the cytotoxic capacity of CD8+ T cells. 2. Based on its expression in various endothelial cell types and its link to EMT, [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) may be a critical regulator of angiogenesis by controlling endothelial cell migration, adhesion, and tube formation, particularly in contexts like tumor development or wound healing. 3. The high significance of [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) in [hematopoietic precursor cell](/details-cell/CL0008001) suggests it plays a role in lineage commitment or the egression of mature cells from the bone marrow by modulating cell adhesion and motility within the niche. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) in T cell function, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated where `Rflnb` is specifically deleted in the T cell lineage. CD8+ T cells would be isolated from these mice and compared to wild-type controls. The following assays would be key: * **In vitro cytotoxicity assay:** Co-culture of knockout and wild-type CD8+ T cells with target tumor cells to directly measure their killing efficiency. * **Immunological Synapse Imaging:** Use of high-resolution microscopy (e.g., TIRF) to visualize the recruitment of key proteins like LFA-1 and the actin cytoskeleton to the synapse in real-time. A defect in synapse stability or actin accumulation in knockout T cells would support the hypothesis. * **In vivo tumor challenge:** Adoptive transfer of `Rflnb`-deficient, tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice to assess their ability to control tumor growth in a physiological setting. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular protein that regulates a fundamental cellular process, [RFLNB](/details-gene/359845) presents a challenging therapeutic target. Direct systemic inhibition could lead to broad immunosuppressive or vascular side effects. However, if its expression or activity is specifically upregulated in pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases characterized by excessive T cell infiltration or in metastatic cancers involving cell migration, it could become a relevant target. A more viable strategy might be to develop inhibitors that disrupt its specific protein-protein interaction with filamin, potentially offering greater specificity. In such disease contexts, inhibition, rather than activation, would likely be the desired therapeutic strategy to reduce unwanted cell motility.

Genular Protein ID: 388537637

Symbol: RFLB_HUMAN

Name: Refilin-B

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q8N5W9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 1 Ensembl 2 GO 8 GeneCards 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 214
  • Mass: 22882
  • Checksum: 2A51A58D8A6CB0D6
  • Sequence:
    • MVGRLSLQDV PELVDAKKKG DGVLDSPDSG LPPSPSPSHW GLAAGGGGGE RAAAPGTLEP 
DAAAATPAAP SPASLPLAPG CALRLCPLSF GEGVEFDPLP PKEVRYTSLV KYDSERHFID 
DVQLPLGLAV ASCSQTVTCV PNGTWRNYKA EVRFEPRHRP TRFLSTTIVY PKYPKAVYTT 
TLDYNCRKTL RRFLSSVELE AAELPGSDDL SDEC