Details for: CATSPERE

Gene ID: 257044

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CATSPERE

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179397

Description: catsper channel auxiliary subunit epsilon

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 31.81
    rCSI 26.55%
    PRS 92.95
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 20.36
    rCSI 23.6%
    PRS 93.19
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 15.67
    rCSI 18.99%
    PRS 85.9
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 13.55
    rCSI 19.16%
    PRS 93.98
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 10.92
    rCSI 17.82%
    PRS 82.34
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 9.86
    rCSI 13.44%
    PRS 81.46
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 9.44
    rCSI 16.74%
    PRS 80.52
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 8.87
    rCSI 18.31%
    PRS 93.34
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 6.72
    rCSI 4.97%
    PRS 96.61
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 6.62
    rCSI 7.91%
    PRS 93.7
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 6.62
    rCSI 12.39%
    PRS 94.56
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.48
    rCSI 24.28%
    PRS 96.81
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 6.36
    rCSI 24.88%
    PRS 91.71
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 5.56
    rCSI 8.85%
    PRS 96.11
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 5.38
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 94.65
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 5.33
    rCSI 9.69%
    PRS 95.01
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 4.83
    rCSI 6.22%
    PRS 94.18
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 4.68
    rCSI 22.41%
    PRS 96.5
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 7.53%
    PRS 95.59
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 4.35
    rCSI 11.24%
    PRS 97.27
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 5.31%
    PRS 92.53
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 4.25
    rCSI 10.77%
    PRS 96.19
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 4.15
    rCSI 9.47%
    PRS 95.42
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 3.76
    rCSI 3.31%
    PRS 94.29
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 3.71
    rCSI 8.83%
    PRS 97.64
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 7.74%
    PRS 94.83
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 6.97%
    PRS 93.63
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 17.88%
    PRS 95.29
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 3.08
    rCSI 7.63%
    PRS 98.71
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 4.18%
    PRS 97.46
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 6.63%
    PRS 94.16
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 3.85%
    PRS 94.62
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 2.95%
    PRS 95.67
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 12.11%
    PRS 96.74
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 97.84
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 5.45%
    PRS 96.49
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 92.36
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 2.86%
    PRS 93.78
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 2.93%
    PRS 93.91
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.59
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 93.62
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 1.46
    rCSI 10.75%
    PRS 94.57
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 1.34
    rCSI 10.08%
    PRS 91.5
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.13
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 94.04
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 0.86
    rCSI 20.65%
    PRS 91.71
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.79
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 92.64
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 0.76
    rCSI 18.25%
    PRS 91.4
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.44
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 93.58

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) encodes the catsper channel auxiliary subunit epsilon, a component of the cation channel of sperm (CatSper) complex. Based on its well-characterized components, [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) is understood to be essential for sperm motility and capacitation, processes critical for male fertility [Link](https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.23082). However, analysis of its expression across a broad range of somatic tissues reveals a significant and unexpected role in other biological contexts. **Overall**, it demonstrates remarkably high significance in immune cells, particularly [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990)s and various T cell subsets including [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815)s, as well as in epidermal cells like [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013). This suggests that [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) may possess uncharacterized functions in immune regulation and skin homeostasis, extending its biological importance far beyond its established role in reproduction. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) in somatic tissues points towards highly specific roles in the immune system and the epidermis. - **Immune System:** In the **Overall** context, [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) shows the highest significance in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) (CSI: 31.81), suggesting it may be a key functional component or marker for this cell type, which is critical for initiating adaptive immune responses. Its prominence extends across multiple T lymphocyte populations, including [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815) (CSI: 20.36), [CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive](/details-cell/CL0001203) (CSI: 15.67), and [helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000912) (CSI: 13.55). It is also significant in [innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001065)s, indicating a broad footprint across both the innate and adaptive immune systems. - **Epidermal Tissue:** A secondary but distinct site of high significance is the skin. [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) is highly expressed in [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013) (CSI: 10.92), [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458) (CSI: 9.86), and [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) (CSI: 9.44). This pattern suggests a potential role in epidermal differentiation, pigmentation, or the maintenance of the skin barrier, all of which are calcium-dependent processes. - **Other Tissues:** The gene also shows moderate significance in diverse cell types such as [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016)s, [hepatic stellate cell](/details-cell/CL0000632)s, and [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138)s, indicating a wider expression pattern than previously recognized. The stark contrast between this somatic expression profile and its known function highlights a significant gap in the understanding of [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044)'s full biological role. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functional annotation of [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) is currently limited to its role in male reproduction. It is a known component of the [Catsper complex (GO:0036128)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0036128), which is localized to the [sperm principal piece (GO:0097228)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097228). This complex functions as a calcium-permeable ion channel that is indispensable for biological processes such as [flagellated sperm motility (GO:0030317)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030317) and [sperm capacitation (GO:0048240)](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048240). While these annotations are well-supported for its function in sperm [Link](https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.23082), they do not account for the gene's high significance in immune and epidermal cells. The expression data strongly suggest that [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) may be part of an analogous, yet-to-be-characterized ion channel complex that regulates calcium signaling in these non-germline cells, thereby controlling processes such as immune activation, tolerance, or skin barrier function. ## Research Directions The striking disparity between the established function of [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) in sperm and its expression profile in somatic cells opens several avenues for future research. The primary challenge is to elucidate its role in immunity and epidermal biology. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) is a subunit of a novel calcium channel complex in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990)s that is critical for regulating antigen presentation, co-stimulatory molecule expression, or cytokine release following pathogen sensing. 2. In [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815)s, [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) contributes to the calcium signaling pathways that maintain their suppressive phenotype or control their stability and function within inflamed tissues. 3. In keratinocytes, [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) regulates calcium-dependent signaling cascades that are essential for cellular differentiation and the formation of a functional epidermal barrier. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the function of [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) in dendritic cells, a direct functional genomics approach would be most informative. One could use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) in primary human CD14+ monocytes before differentiating them into dendritic cells. The impact of the knockout could be assessed by measuring intracellular calcium flux in response to stimuli like Toll-like receptor agonists. Downstream functional consequences would be evaluated through RNA-sequencing to identify altered gene expression pathways, and functional assays such as quantifying the uptake of fluorescently-labeled antigens, assessing T cell stimulatory capacity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and measuring cytokine secretion via ELISA. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a subunit of an ion channel, [CATSPERE](/details-gene/257044) belongs to a highly druggable class of proteins. If it is confirmed to be a critical regulator of immune cell function, it could represent a novel target for immunomodulatory therapies. For instance, if its activity is essential for the suppressive function of [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815)s, a specific inhibitor could be developed to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Conversely, an agonist might be beneficial in autoimmune diseases by promoting immune tolerance. However, its potential as a therapeutic target is entirely dependent on elucidating its specific role in disease-relevant cell types and determining whether it can be modulated without causing adverse effects related to its functions in other tissues.

Genular Protein ID: 2757568804

Symbol: CTSRE_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q5SY80 B4DZR4 B7Z7X5 E9PEA3 Q8IYZ6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 5 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 RNAct 1 RefSeq 9 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 28226241

Title: CatSperzeta regulates the structural continuity of sperm Ca(2+) signaling domains and is required for normal fertility.

PubMed ID: 28226241

DOI: 10.7554/elife.23082

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 951
  • Mass: 109662
  • Checksum: D00AA5E03F6DBF47
  • Sequence:
    • MSAREVAVLL LWLSCYGSAL WRYSTNSPNY RIFSTRSTIK LEYEGTLFTE WSVPETCFVL 
NKSSPTTELR CSSPGVHAIK PIVTGPDEEE RYLFVESSHT CFLWYYRVRH FFNNFTQLIT 
VWAYDPESAD PDELLGNAEE PSINSIVLST QMATLGQKPV IHTVLKRKVY SSNEKMRRGT 
WRIVVPMTKD DALKEIRGNQ VTFQDCFIAD FLILLTFPLL TIPEIPGYLP ISSPRGSQLM 
ASWDACVVAS AVLVTDMETF HTTDSFKSWT RIRVPPDILS DDERRSVAHV ILSRDGIVFL 
INGVLYIKSF RGFIRLGGIV NLPDGGITGI SSRKWCWVNY LLKAKGRRST FAVWTENEIY 
LGSILLKFAR LVTTTELKNI LSLSVTATLT IDRVEYTGHP LEIAVFLNYC TVCNVTKKIF 
LVIYNEDTKQ WVSQDFTLDA PIDSVTMPHF TFSALPGLLL WNKHSIYYCY HNFTFTGILQ 
TPAGHGNLSM LSNDSIIHEV FIDYYGDILV KMENNVIFYS KINTRDAVKL HLWTNYTTRA 
FIFLSTSGQT YFLYALDDGT IQIQDYPLHL EAQSIAFTTK DKCPYMAFHN NVAHVFYFLD 
KGEALTVWTQ IVYPENTGLY VIVESYGPKI LQESHEISFE AAFGYCTKTL TLTFYQNVDY 
ERISDYFETQ DKHTGLVLVQ FRPSEYSKAC PIAQKVFQIA VGCDDKKFIA IKGFSKKGCH 
HHDFSYVIEK SYLRHQPSKN LRVRYIWGEY GCPLRLDFTE KFQPVVQLFD DNGYVKDVEA 
NFIVWEIHGR DDYSFNNTMA QSGCLHEAQT WKSMIELNKH LPLEEVWGPE NYKHCFSYAI 
GKPGDLNQPY EIINSSNGNH IFWPMGHSGM YVFRVKILDP NYSFCNLTAM FAIETFGLIP 
SPSVYLVASF LFVLMLLFFT ILVLSYFRYM RIYRRYIYEP LHKPQRKRKK N