Details for: MAMDC2 AS1

Gene ID: 100507244

Gene Type:  ncRNA (Non-coding RNA)  - A functional RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA but not translated into a protein. Includes classes like miRNA and lncRNA.

Symbol: MAMDC2 AS1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204706

Description: MAMDC2 antisense RNA 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 34.75
    rCSI 29.01%
    PRS 93.42
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 23.25
    rCSI 26.95%
    PRS 93.55
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 18.67
    rCSI 22.62%
    PRS 86.54
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 18.46
    rCSI 32.72%
    PRS 81.44
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 17.42
    rCSI 23.74%
    PRS 82.4
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 17.4
    rCSI 24.61%
    PRS 94.35
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 15.65
    rCSI 25.54%
    PRS 83.25
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 13.29
    rCSI 27.45%
    PRS 93.72
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 11.66
    rCSI 18.55%
    PRS 96.46
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 11.36
    rCSI 17.62%
    PRS 98.12
  • pericyte CL0000669
    CSI 9.86
    rCSI 26.26%
    PRS 84.71
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 8.08
    rCSI 8.85%
    PRS 98.78
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 7.87
    rCSI 19.97%
    PRS 96.5
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 7.65
    rCSI 12.52%
    PRS 95.96
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 6.26
    rCSI 20.03%
    PRS 97.64
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 6.22
    rCSI 14.2%
    PRS 95.69
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 6.22
    rCSI 14.83%
    PRS 97.83
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 6.15
    rCSI 7.65%
    PRS 93.28
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 5.99
    rCSI 14.57%
    PRS 92.86
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 5.94
    rCSI 9.56%
    PRS 94.88
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 5.33
    rCSI 19.98%
    PRS 97.04
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 5.29
    rCSI 13.69%
    PRS 97.49
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 5.08
    rCSI 11.23%
    PRS 94.11
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 5.05
    rCSI 13.5%
    PRS 96.77
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 4.77
    rCSI 4.44%
    PRS 98.91
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 8.51%
    PRS 96.54
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 3.78
    rCSI 21.81%
    PRS 97
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 3.51
    rCSI 20.11%
    PRS 95.57
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 4.81%
    PRS 97.68
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 3.19
    rCSI 7.89%
    PRS 98.91
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 14.93%
    PRS 98.46
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 9.51%
    PRS 93.74
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 10.89%
    PRS 98.16
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 3.71%
    PRS 94.27
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 7.33%
    PRS 96.83
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 94.44
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 2
    rCSI 21.19%
    PRS 96.22
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 98.82
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 1.09
    rCSI 6.44%
    PRS 94.02
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.05
    rCSI 8.57%
    PRS 97.89
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 0.61
    rCSI 14.58%
    PRS 92.2
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 0.55
    rCSI 13.38%
    PRS 91.82

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) is a non-coding antisense RNA located on chromosome 9q21.12. Expression analysis reveals its highly significant role in distinct cell populations, pointing towards dual functions in immunology and epithelial biology. Its most prominent expression is observed in professional antigen-presenting cells, particularly [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990), as well as in key lymphocyte subsets including [regulatory T cells](/details-cell/CL0000815) and memory T cells. Concurrently, it shows strong significance in cells of the skin, including [basal cells of the epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187), [melanocytes](/details-cell/CL1000458), and [suprabasal keratinocytes](/details-cell/CL4033013). This unique expression pattern suggests that [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) may be involved in regulating immune responses and maintaining skin homeostasis. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) highlights its importance in two primary biological systems: the immune system and the integumentary system. **Overall**, the gene's highest significance is found within the immune compartment. It is a defining marker for [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990) (CSI: 34.75), suggesting a potential role in antigen processing and presentation. Its strong signal in various T cell populations, including [regulatory T cells](/details-cell/CL0000815) (CSI: 23.25), [CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cells](/details-cell/CL0001203) (CSI: 18.67), and [helper T cells](/details-cell/CL0000912) (CSI: 17.40), is consistent with a function in modulating adaptive immune responses, particularly those involving immune suppression and memory. The gene is also significant in [innate lymphoid cells](/details-cell/CL0001065), indicating a broader role that spans both innate and adaptive immunity. A second major functional niche for [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) is the skin. It is highly significant in the foundational [basal cells of the epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) (CSI: 18.46) and the overlying [suprabasal keratinocytes](/details-cell/CL4033013) (CSI: 15.65), as well as in pigment-producing [melanocytes](/details-cell/CL1000458) (CSI: 17.42). This co-expression across multiple key cell types of the epidermis suggests a coordinated role in maintaining skin barrier function, regulating proliferation, or mediating responses to environmental stimuli. Beyond these two systems, [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) shows moderate but notable significance in a diverse array of other cell types, such as [chondrocytes](/details-cell/CL0000138), [pulmonary alveolar type 2 cells](/details-cell/CL0002063), and [pericytes](/details-cell/CL0000669), hinting at broader, albeit less prominent, biological functions. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Detailed functional annotations for [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) from curated pathway databases are not specified in the provided data. As an antisense non-coding RNA, it is mechanistically predicted to function by regulating the expression of its sense-strand counterpart, *MAMDC2*, or other genes in its genomic vicinity. This regulation could occur through several mechanisms, including transcriptional interference, epigenetic modification of chromatin, or by altering the stability or translation of target mRNAs. Its specific molecular targets and the downstream pathways it modulates require experimental validation. ## Research Directions The distinct dual-expression pattern of [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) in immune and skin cells opens up several avenues for future investigation. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **Role in Immune Tolerance:** Given its high significance in [conventional dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0000990) and [regulatory T cells](/details-cell/CL0000815), [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) may be a critical regulator of immune tolerance. It could influence the maturation state of dendritic cells, thereby controlling their ability to induce T cell anergy or promote the differentiation and suppressive function of regulatory T cells. 2. **Function in Epidermal Homeostasis:** The concurrent high expression in [basal cells](/details-cell/CL0002187), [keratinocytes](/details-cell/CL4033013), and [melanocytes](/details-cell/CL1000458) suggests [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) may act as a coordinator of epidermal barrier integrity and stress responses. It might regulate signaling pathways involved in keratinocyte differentiation or the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes in response to stimuli like UV radiation. ### Suggested Experimental Approach To test the hypothesis that [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) regulates immune tolerance via dendritic cells, a knockdown experiment followed by a co-culture assay could be performed. Primary human monocytes would be differentiated into dendritic cells and transfected with either a specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) or a non-targeting control. Following maturation, these dendritic cells would be co-cultured with allogeneic naive CD4+ T cells. The impact of [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) knockdown on T cell differentiation would be quantified by measuring the percentage of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and the cytokine profile (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β) using flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. ### Therapeutic Potential As a non-coding RNA with cell-type-specific expression, [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) is an attractive candidate for RNA-targeted therapies. **Inhibition** of [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) using therapies like ASOs or siRNAs could be a strategy for cancer immunotherapy, with the goal of destabilizing regulatory T cell function and breaking immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment. Conversely, therapeutic **activation** or delivery of [MAMDC2 AS1](/details-gene/100507244) mimetics could be explored for autoimmune disorders, potentially enhancing the tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells and bolstering the suppressive T cell compartment.