TRAC | ENSG00000277734 | NCBI 28755

Details for: TRAC

Gene ID: 28755

Gene Type: Other - A known gene or region type that lacks a specific category. Includes immunoglobulin (Ig), T-cell receptor (TCR) gene segments, and repetitive elements.

Symbol: TRAC

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000277734

Description: T cell receptor alpha constant

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Adaptive immune response
(GO:0002250)
Alpha-beta t cell activation
(GO:0046631)
Alpha-beta t cell receptor complex
(GO:0042105)
Plasma membrane
(GO:0005886)
Response to bacterium
(GO:0009617)
T cell receptor signaling pathway
(GO:0050852)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 38.99

rCSI 30.96%

PRS 99.44
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 29.02

rCSI 20.17%

PRS 99.17
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 25.78

rCSI 19.5%

PRS 99.44
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 20.47

rCSI 15.92%

PRS 99.04
T follicular helper cell CL0002038

CSI 20.21

rCSI 15.13%

PRS 98.99
natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903

CSI 18.98

rCSI 35.95%

PRS 99.24
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 17.26

rCSI 31.16%

PRS 99.09
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 16.85

rCSI 9.95%

PRS 99.68
CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811

CSI 16.48

rCSI 25.69%

PRS 97.74
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 14.39

rCSI 27.71%

PRS 99.05
alpha-beta T cell CL0000789

CSI 13.88

rCSI 16.26%

PRS 99.04
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 12.89

rCSI 9.05%

PRS 98.84
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 12.51

rCSI 17.69%

PRS 91.71
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 12.4

rCSI 8.63%

PRS 99.44
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 11.63

rCSI 11.43%

PRS 98.26
mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940

CSI 11.09

rCSI 8.96%

PRS 98.3
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 10.94

rCSI 8.76%

PRS 96.05
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 10.51

rCSI 10.71%

PRS 98.43
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 10.48

rCSI 7.97%

PRS 99.3
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 10.46

rCSI 7.86%

PRS 97.58
regulatory T cell CL0000815

CSI 10.33

rCSI 11.98%

PRS 90.57
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000895

CSI 10.17

rCSI 12.77%

PRS 98.72
innate lymphoid cell CL0001065

CSI 9.8

rCSI 20.23%

PRS 91.01
T cell CL0000084

CSI 9.53

rCSI 18.62%

PRS 98.01
gamma-delta T cell CL0000798

CSI 9.51

rCSI 11.17%

PRS 97.64
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 9.23

rCSI 11.81%

PRS 97.61
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 9.13

rCSI 6.55%

PRS 99.21
platelet CL0000233

CSI 8.66

rCSI 35.93%

PRS 92.79
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 8.62

rCSI 5.81%

PRS 99.42
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794

CSI 8.48

rCSI 10.12%

PRS 98.93
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 7.86

rCSI 12.65%

PRS 91.26
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909

CSI 7.25

rCSI 7.57%

PRS 98.5
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI 7.18

rCSI 20.61%

PRS 99.47
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913

CSI 6.94

rCSI 6.32%

PRS 99.2
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 6.7

rCSI 5.87%

PRS 97.92
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 6.13

rCSI 9.68%

PRS 97.21
mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791

CSI 5.5

rCSI 19.9%

PRS 99.57
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001043

CSI 5.24

rCSI 12.61%

PRS 99
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 4.99

rCSI 4.62%

PRS 99.18
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 4.57

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 96.77
CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920

CSI 4.54

rCSI 9.06%

PRS 98.65
lung resident memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033039

CSI 4.49

rCSI 11.61%

PRS 98.83
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 3.65

rCSI 4.98%

PRS 99.38
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 3.48

rCSI 4.17%

PRS 97.04
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 3.34

rCSI 4.05%

PRS 81.26
exhausted T cell CL0011025

CSI 3.16

rCSI 53.45%

PRS 96.95
retinal rod cell CL0000604

CSI 3.01

rCSI 5.3%

PRS 93.48
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 3

rCSI 2.24%

PRS 98.49
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792

CSI 2.87

rCSI 2.81%

PRS 99.26
CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934

CSI 2.68

rCSI 3.69%

PRS 99.29
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 2.3

rCSI 2%

PRS 98.68
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049

CSI 1.94

rCSI 3.32%

PRS 98.4
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 1.71

rCSI 7.76%

PRS 99.24
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 1.5

rCSI 7.53%

PRS 98.94
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 1.31

rCSI 3.9%

PRS 97.86
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 1.24

rCSI 7.09%

PRS 93.52
lung resident memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033038

CSI 1.2

rCSI 11.76%

PRS 98.13
CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074

CSI 1.02

rCSI 11.79%

PRS 98.72
immature alpha-beta T cell CL0000790

CSI 0.69

rCSI 9.88%

PRS 99.14
double negative T regulatory cell CL0011024

CSI 0.45

rCSI 8.61%

PRS 98.68
B-1 B cell CL0000819

CSI 0.27

rCSI 6.84%

PRS 98.72

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description

## Summary [TRAC](/details-gene/28755), or T cell receptor alpha constant, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14. It encodes the constant region of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain. As an integral component of the alpha-beta TCR complex, [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) is essential for T-cell development, antigen recognition, and the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Its expression is highly restricted to the T-cell lineage, making it a definitive molecular marker for identifying and quantifying alpha-beta T-cells across various biological contexts. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) demonstrates its exclusive and fundamental role within the T-cell compartment. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance across a wide spectrum of T-cell subtypes, underscoring its function as a pan-T-cell lineage marker. Its most prominent expression is observed in effector lineages such as the [T-helper 17 cell](/details-cell/CL0000899) (CSI: 38.99), as well as in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues, including developing [double negative thymocyte](/details-cell/CL0002489) (CSI: 29.02) and mature T-cell populations like the [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) (CSI: 25.78) and [mature T cell](/details-cell/CL0002419) (CSI: 20.47). High significance is also maintained across various functional subsets, including [T follicular helper cell](/details-cell/CL0002038), [natural T-regulatory cell](/details-cell/CL0000903), and [T-helper 1 cell](/details-cell/CL0000545). Furthermore, its consistent expression in both naive ([naive T cell](/details-cell/CL0000898)) and memory ([memory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000813)) T-cells, including [central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000904), highlights its role as a stable structural component throughout the lifespan of an alpha-beta T-cell. The ubiquitous high CSI values across all listed T-cell populations suggest that [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) is a workhorse gene whose product is abundantly and consistently required for T-cell identity and function. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The function of [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) is tightly linked to the machinery of adaptive immunity. As a key structural element, it is an essential part of the [Alpha-beta t cell receptor complex](/details-cell/GO:0042105), which is localized to the [Plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886). The formation of this complex is a prerequisite for T-cell function. Biologically, this structural role translates directly into its involvement in the [T cell receptor signaling pathway](/details-cell/GO:0050852). Upon engagement of the TCR with a peptide-MHC complex on an antigen-presenting cell, a signaling cascade is initiated that leads to [Alpha-beta t cell activation](/details-cell/GO:0046631). This process is the central event in cell-mediated immunity, enabling critical downstream functions such as the [Adaptive immune response](/details-cell/GO:0002250) and [Response to bacterium](/details-cell/GO:0009617). The gene's involvement in these pathways is consistent with its high expression across all major functional subsets of T-cells, from naive cells first encountering antigen to differentiated effector cells carrying out an immune response. ## Research Directions Given that [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) is a fundamental, lineage-defining gene, research has focused on leveraging its specificity for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes rather than modulating its function. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Genetic ablation of the [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) locus in donor T-cells used for CAR-T therapy will eliminate native TCR expression, thereby preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and enabling the creation of "off-the-shelf" allogeneic cell therapies. 2. Quantification of [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) mRNA transcripts in tumor biopsies serves as a highly specific and sensitive biomarker for alpha-beta T-cell infiltration, which may predict patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding allogeneic CAR-T therapy, a definitive experiment would involve: 1. Isolating primary human T-cells from healthy donors. 2. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing with a guide RNA targeting a conserved exon of the [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) gene to induce frameshift mutations and functional knockout. 3. Simultaneously transducing the T-cells with a lentiviral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). 4. Confirming the loss of surface TCR alpha-beta expression in the edited CAR-T population via flow cytometry while confirming stable CAR expression. 5. Functionality would be assessed *in vivo* using a xenogeneic GVHD mouse model, where immunodeficient mice are injected with the `TRAC`-knockout CAR-T cells. The lack of GVHD symptoms in these mice, compared to controls receiving unedited CAR-T cells, would validate the hypothesis. **Therapeutic Potential:** [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) is not a conventional drug target for inhibition or activation. Instead, its immense therapeutic potential lies in its utility as a target for **gene ablation**. As outlined above, knocking out [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) is a leading strategy in the development of universal, allogeneic CAR-T products. By eliminating the native TCR, these engineered cells can be given to any patient without the risk of the therapeutic cells attacking the recipient's healthy tissues, a major hurdle for non-autologous T-cell therapies. Therefore, [TRAC](/details-gene/28755) represents a critical enabler for the next generation of cancer immunotherapies.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.