**Key Characteristics**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) have several key characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells. These include:
* **Limited number of potential fates**: Non-terminally differentiated cells have a limited number of potential fates, which is in contrast to terminally differentiated cells that have a more restricted range of functions.
* **Involvement in axon guidance**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are involved in axon guidance, which is the process by which neurons extend their axons and establish connections with other neurons.
* **Cap-dependent translation initiation**: Non-terminally differentiated cells use cap-dependent translation initiation, which is a type of translation initiation that involves the binding of a specific sequence of nucleotides (the cap) to the mRNA.
* **Cellular responses to stress**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are able to respond to stress, including starvation and amino acid deficiency.
* **Involvement in immune responses**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are involved in the regulation of immune responses, including antigen presentation and cytokine signaling.
**Clinical Significance**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) have several clinical significance, including:
* **Neurological disorders**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are involved in the development and function of the nervous system, and abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
* **Immune system disorders**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are involved in the regulation of immune responses, and abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various immune system disorders, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.
* **Cancer**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are involved in the development and progression of cancer, and abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma.
* **Infectious diseases**: Non-terminally differentiated cells are involved in the regulation of immune responses, and abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various infectious diseases, including HIV and influenza.
In conclusion, non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) are a type of precursor cell that plays a critical role in the development and function of the nervous system, as well as in the regulation of immune responses. Abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various neurological, immune system, and infectious diseases, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which these cells contribute to disease and to develop effective treatments.
**Gene Symbol and Ensembl ID**
The gene symbol for non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) is RPLP1, and the Ensembl ID is ENSG00000137818.
**Pathways and Ontology**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) are involved in several pathways and ontologies, including:
* **Axon guidance**: The process by which neurons extend their axons and establish connections with other neurons.
* **Cap-dependent translation initiation**: A type of translation initiation that involves the binding of a specific sequence of nucleotides (the cap) to the mRNA.
* **Cellular responses to stress**: The ability of cells to respond to stress, including starvation and amino acid deficiency.
* **Immune system**: The system that protects the body against infection and disease.
* **Neurological development**: The process by which the nervous system develops and matures.
* **Protein synthesis**: The process by which cells synthesize proteins.
* **Selenocysteine synthesis**: The process by which cells synthesize the amino acid selenocysteine.
**Protein Binding and Regulation**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) interact with several proteins, including:
* **B2M**: A protein involved in the regulation of immune responses.
* **RPLP2**: A protein involved in the regulation of protein synthesis.
* **FTL**: A protein involved in the regulation of iron ion homeostasis.
These proteins play critical roles in the regulation of immune responses, protein synthesis, and iron ion homeostasis, and abnormalities in these proteins have been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.
**Cellular Responses to Stimuli**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) respond to a variety of stimuli, including:
* **Amino acid deficiency**: The lack of amino acids, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Iron ion deficiency**: The lack of iron ions, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Starvation**: The lack of nutrients, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Viral infection**: The presence of viruses, which can trigger a response in cells.
These responses involve the activation of various signaling pathways and the production of cytokines and other immune molecules.
**Infectious Disease**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) are involved in the regulation of immune responses, and abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various infectious diseases, including:
* **HIV**: Human immunodeficiency virus, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Influenza**: Influenza virus, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **SARS-CoV-2**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which can trigger a response in cells.
These responses involve the activation of various signaling pathways and the production of cytokines and other immune molecules.
**Gene Symbol and Ensembl ID**
The gene symbol for non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) is PTMA, and the Ensembl ID is ENSG00000187514.
**Pathways and Ontology**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) are involved in several pathways and ontologies, including:
* **Cytosol**: The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
* **Dna-binding transcription factor binding**: The binding of transcription factors to DNA.
* **Dna-templated transcription**: The process by which DNA serves as a template for transcription.
* **Histone binding**: The binding of histones to DNA.
* **Ion binding**: The binding of ions to proteins.
These pathways and ontologies play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression and the response to stimuli.
**Protein Binding and Regulation**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) interact with several proteins, including:
* **B2M**: A protein involved in the regulation of immune responses.
* **RPLP2**: A protein involved in the regulation of protein synthesis.
* **FTL**: A protein involved in the regulation of iron ion homeostasis.
These proteins play critical roles in the regulation of immune responses, protein synthesis, and iron ion homeostasis, and abnormalities in these proteins have been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.
**Cellular Responses to Stimuli**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) respond to a variety of stimuli, including:
* **Amino acid deficiency**: The lack of amino acids, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Iron ion deficiency**: The lack of iron ions, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Starvation**: The lack of nutrients, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Viral infection**: The presence of viruses, which can trigger a response in cells.
These responses involve the activation of various signaling pathways and the production of cytokines and other immune molecules.
**Infectious Disease**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) are involved in the regulation of immune responses, and abnormalities in these cells have been implicated in various infectious diseases, including:
* **HIV**: Human immunodeficiency virus, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **Influenza**: Influenza virus, which can trigger a response in cells.
* **SARS-CoV-2**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which can trigger a response in cells.
These responses involve the activation of various signaling pathways and the production of cytokines and other immune molecules.
**Gene Symbol and Ensembl ID**
The gene symbol for non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) is RPLP2, and the Ensembl ID is ENSG00000177600.
**Pathways and Ontology**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) are involved in several pathways and ontologies, including:
* **Axon guidance**: The process by which neurons extend their axons and establish connections with other neurons.
* **Cap-dependent translation initiation**: A type of translation initiation that involves the binding of a specific sequence of nucleotides (the cap) to the mRNA.
* **Cellular responses to stress**: The ability of cells to respond to stress, including starvation and amino acid deficiency.
* **Immune system**: The system that protects the body against infection and disease.
* **Neurological development**: The process by which the nervous system develops and matures.
* **Protein synthesis**: The process by which cells synthesize proteins.
* **Selenocysteine synthesis**: The process by which cells synthesize the amino acid selenocysteine.
These pathways and ontologies play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression and the response to stimuli.
**Protein Binding and Regulation**
Non-terminally differentiated cells (CL0000055) interact with several proteins, including:
* **B2M**: A protein involved in the regulation of
