Details for: DDT

Gene ID: 1652

Symbol: DDT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099977

Description: D-dopachrome tautomerase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 266.5463
    Cell Significance Index: -41.4600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 177.4736
    Cell Significance Index: -45.0200
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 167.8369
    Cell Significance Index: -69.1400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 144.6023
    Cell Significance Index: -68.2700
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 132.9354
    Cell Significance Index: -68.3800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 101.7105
    Cell Significance Index: -68.2500
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 50.2127
    Cell Significance Index: -61.9100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 17.6866
    Cell Significance Index: -47.3800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 17.0664
    Cell Significance Index: -67.3500
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 15.0643
    Cell Significance Index: 375.6600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 14.9571
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9400
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 6.7073
    Cell Significance Index: 56.3400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 3.9474
    Cell Significance Index: 91.2000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 3.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 27.6300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 2.6724
    Cell Significance Index: 39.4500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.5441
    Cell Significance Index: 164.1400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 2.4489
    Cell Significance Index: 336.3100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 2.4308
    Cell Significance Index: 438.2000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 2.1866
    Cell Significance Index: 1194.1500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 2.1606
    Cell Significance Index: 101.5500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 2.0750
    Cell Significance Index: 268.0800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 2.0375
    Cell Significance Index: 144.1000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 2.0300
    Cell Significance Index: 249.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 1.9137
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.6895
    Cell Significance Index: 125.9200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.5030
    Cell Significance Index: 177.2500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.4719
    Cell Significance Index: 650.7800
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.4290
    Cell Significance Index: 85.7900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 1.3031
    Cell Significance Index: 38.2700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0887
    Cell Significance Index: 107.7000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.0220
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.9065
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.8869
    Cell Significance Index: 113.6900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.8076
    Cell Significance Index: 42.4000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.7983
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6948
    Cell Significance Index: 137.8800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.5012
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4569
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4394
    Cell Significance Index: 396.7500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.4294
    Cell Significance Index: 81.7100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.3398
    Cell Significance Index: 9.7400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2997
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.2939
    Cell Significance Index: 222.4600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.2905
    Cell Significance Index: 213.0300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2599
    Cell Significance Index: 44.3800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2377
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8500
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 0.2112
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3000
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 0.2048
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.1815
    Cell Significance Index: 52.2200
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.1703
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6200
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0153
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -65.5600
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.0405
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -85.2400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0559
    Cell Significance Index: -86.0300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0630
    Cell Significance Index: -85.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0699
    Cell Significance Index: -51.7800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0959
    Cell Significance Index: -34.4100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0975
    Cell Significance Index: -54.9600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.1033
    Cell Significance Index: -65.6100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1362
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1576
    Cell Significance Index: -71.5500
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.1647
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1783
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.2020
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2112
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5400
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2509
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.3109
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.3230
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3433
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.3502
    Cell Significance Index: -73.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.4239
    Cell Significance Index: -48.5700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.4461
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.4742
    Cell Significance Index: -68.9300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.6340
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.6429
    Cell Significance Index: -44.4600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.6543
    Cell Significance Index: -68.1300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.6755
    Cell Significance Index: -51.8400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.7056
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.8524
    Cell Significance Index: -47.8300
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.8973
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.9039
    Cell Significance Index: -55.4200
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.9153
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.9456
    Cell Significance Index: -42.8600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -1.0795
    Cell Significance Index: -22.9900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -1.2066
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8000
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -1.2324
    Cell Significance Index: -36.3000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -1.3321
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -1.3329
    Cell Significance Index: -33.3200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: -1.4483
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6100
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -1.4541
    Cell Significance Index: -53.3800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -1.4783
    Cell Significance Index: -65.3900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -1.5955
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** DDT is a gene with a relatively low expression level, predominantly found in pancreatic islet cells, erythroid progenitor cells, epithelial cells, and renal cells. Its protein product, D-dopachrome decarboxylase, is involved in the degradation of dopachrome, a precursor molecule in the biosynthesis of melanin. Furthermore, DDT has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses, macrophage chemotaxis, and the positive regulation of the Erk1/2 cascade, a key signaling pathway involved in cell proliferation and survival. **Pathways and Functions:** DDT's involvement in various cellular processes can be attributed to its participation in multiple signaling pathways, including: 1. **Cytokine receptor binding:** DDT's interaction with cytokine receptors modulates the immune response, influencing the production of inflammatory cytokines and the regulation of macrophage chemotaxis. 2. **Melanin biosynthetic process:** As a key enzyme in the degradation of dopachrome, DDT plays a crucial role in melanin synthesis, which is essential for skin pigmentation and protection against UV radiation. 3. **Dopachrome isomerase activity:** DDT's ability to catalyze the isomerization of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxindole-2,3-dione (DHIC) is essential for the proper functioning of the melanin biosynthetic pathway. 4. **Extracellular exosome and extracellular space:** DDT's involvement in the regulation of extracellular vesicle formation and transport suggests a potential role in intercellular communication and the exchange of signaling molecules. **Clinical Significance:** The clinical significance of DDT is multifaceted, with potential implications for various diseases, including: 1. **Immune disorders:** Aberrant DDT expression or function has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, where pancreatic islet cells are compromised. 2. **Cancer:** The regulation of inflammatory responses and cell proliferation by DDT may influence cancer development and progression. 3. **Neurological disorders:** The involvement of DDT in the melanin biosynthetic pathway suggests a potential role in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, where melanin aggregation is a hallmark of the disease. In conclusion, D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) is a complex gene with far-reaching implications for our understanding of immune regulation, cellular homeostasis, and disease. Further research is necessary to elucidate the intricacies of DDT's function and its clinical significance, ultimately paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 770504349

Symbol: DOPD_HUMAN

Name: D-dopachrome decarboxylase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P30046 B7Z522 O00774 O60787 Q13534

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 2 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 14 Ensembl 6 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 18 PDBsum 18 PIR 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9480844

Title: Molecular cloning of human D-dopachrome tautomerase cDNA: N-terminal proline is essential for enzyme activation.

PubMed ID: 9480844

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8123

PubMed ID: 9716662

Title: Conserved gene structure and genomic linkage for D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) and MIF.

PubMed ID: 9716662

DOI: 10.1007/s003359900858

PubMed ID: 15461802

Title: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.

PubMed ID: 15461802

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 10591208

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.

PubMed ID: 10591208

DOI: 10.1038/990031

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 1286669

Title: Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison.

PubMed ID: 1286669

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301201

PubMed ID: 8267597

Title: Isolation of a new tautomerase monitored by the conversion of D-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole.

PubMed ID: 8267597

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2524

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 10079069

Title: Crystal structure of human D-dopachrome tautomerase, a homologue of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, at 1.54-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 10079069

DOI: 10.1021/bi982184o

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 118
  • Mass: 12712
  • Checksum: 12FEF51908F342B7
  • Sequence:
    • MPFLELDTNL PANRVPAGLE KRLCAAAASI LGKPADRVNV TVRPGLAMAL SGSTEPCAQL 
SISSIGVVGT AEDNRSHSAH FFEFLTKELA LGQDRILIRF FPLESWQIGK IGTVMTFL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.