Details for: NTNG1

Gene ID: 22854

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: NTNG1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162631

Description: netrin G1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 37.72
    rCSI 63.32%
    PRS 90.68
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 34.64
    rCSI 64.87%
    PRS 92.16
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 30.9
    rCSI 55.53%
    PRS 93.89
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 22.63
    rCSI 30.96%
    PRS 92.53
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 20.92
    rCSI 50.85%
    PRS 88.95
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 20.29
    rCSI 44.65%
    PRS 85.27
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 20.28
    rCSI 36.85%
    PRS 93.25
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 19.97
    rCSI 43.33%
    PRS 89.09
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 17.81
    rCSI 51.62%
    PRS 91.93
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 17.61
    rCSI 24.07%
    PRS 95.04
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 17.01
    rCSI 47.85%
    PRS 95.07
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 16.94
    rCSI 79.68%
    PRS 89.35
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 15.91
    rCSI 57.26%
    PRS 89.17
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI 15.56
    rCSI 81.82%
    PRS 89.94
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 13.63
    rCSI 30.11%
    PRS 91.03
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 13.19
    rCSI 22.81%
    PRS 94.36
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 12.46
    rCSI 9.23%
    PRS 94.86
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 12.08
    rCSI 53.67%
    PRS 96.61
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 11.95
    rCSI 11.12%
    PRS 97.75
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 11.42
    rCSI 26.37%
    PRS 91.76
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 11.37
    rCSI 29.23%
    PRS 94.17
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 11.33
    rCSI 12.41%
    PRS 97.64
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 11.33
    rCSI 17.3%
    PRS 95.85
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 11.16
    rCSI 42.1%
    PRS 87.89
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 11.16
    rCSI 12.88%
    PRS 92.27
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 11.01
    rCSI 82.78%
    PRS 89.43
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 10.42
    rCSI 70.92%
    PRS 91.12
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 10.14
    rCSI 16.17%
    PRS 92.45
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 9.51
    rCSI 12.26%
    PRS 91.27
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 9.42
    rCSI 15.42%
    PRS 93.37
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 9.29
    rCSI 18.65%
    PRS 94.03
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 9.2
    rCSI 37.48%
    PRS 91.66
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 9.1
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 95.15
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 8.28
    rCSI 21%
    PRS 93.98
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 8.19
    rCSI 25.61%
    PRS 92.3
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 7.48
    rCSI 12.02%
    PRS 91.03
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 7.32
    rCSI 25.09%
    PRS 88.79
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 7.08
    rCSI 8.45%
    PRS 90.54
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 7.07
    rCSI 12.48%
    PRS 90.27
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 6.53
    rCSI 15.63%
    PRS 90.43
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 7.94%
    PRS 93.64
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 5.39
    rCSI 7.35%
    PRS 93.46
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 5.21
    rCSI 11.69%
    PRS 90.87
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 10.68%
    PRS 89.03
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 5.11
    rCSI 6.35%
    PRS 89.03
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 13.62%
    PRS 94.37
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 5.08
    rCSI 12.11%
    PRS 94.08
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 4.71
    rCSI 26.6%
    PRS 90.39
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 4.54
    rCSI 7.96%
    PRS 95.04
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 15.9%
    PRS 88.1
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 3.71
    rCSI 32.68%
    PRS 88.98
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 3.47
    rCSI 49.28%
    PRS 91.49
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 3.36
    rCSI 15.03%
    PRS 86.98
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 11.05%
    PRS 88.54
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 65.3%
    PRS 91.22
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 23.36%
    PRS 92.55
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 96.94
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.02
    rCSI 61.53%
    PRS 91.46
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 2.44
    rCSI 6.97%
    PRS 96.74
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 15.18%
    PRS 84.01
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 5.93%
    PRS 95.13
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 2.84%
    PRS 95.07
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 50.65%
    PRS 88.24
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 4.98%
    PRS 95.47
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 97.53
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.64
    rCSI 39.6%
    PRS 87.98
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 0.82
    rCSI 8.71%
    PRS 94.15
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 0.48
    rCSI 7.15%
    PRS 96.29

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) (Netrin G1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1p13.3. It encodes a member of the netrin family of proteins, which are crucial for neural development. Functionally, [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) is primarily involved in axon guidance, synapse formation, and the maintenance of synaptic connections, as indicated by its association with biological processes such as axonogenesis ([GO:0007409](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007409)) and synaptic membrane adhesion ([GO:0099560](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0099560)). Its expression profile shows high specificity for the central nervous system, where it is a significant marker for distinct neuronal and glial cell populations, including [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) and various types of [retinal bipolar neuron](/details-cell/CL0000748). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression pattern of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) firmly establishes its role within the central nervous system. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance in highly specialized neuronal subtypes and glial cells. Its most prominent expression is in cortical neurons, particularly [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: 37.72) and multiple classes of glutamatergic neurons, such as [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040) (CSI: 20.92). This suggests a critical role for [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) in establishing and maintaining the complex circuitry of the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) is a key marker in the retina, with exceptionally high significance in various bipolar neurons, including [retinal bipolar neuron](/details-cell/CL0000748) (CSI: 34.64) and [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751) (CSI: 30.90), as well as [amacrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000561) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740). This strong and specific expression pattern points towards an indispensable function in the development of retinal layers and the formation of synaptic connections required for visual signal processing. Beyond neurons, the gene is also significantly expressed in glial populations, including [Bergmann glial cell](/details-cell/CL0000644) (CSI: 22.63) and [oligodendrocyte precursor cell](/details-cell/CL0002453) (CSI: 20.29). This suggests that [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) may also mediate crucial interactions between neurons and their supporting glial cells, potentially influencing processes like myelination and synaptic scaffolding. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) are consistent with its role as a cell surface adhesion molecule involved in neural circuit formation. Gene Ontology annotations highlight its activity in cell-cell adhesion ([GO:0098632](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0098632)) and cell adhesion molecule binding ([GO:0050839](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050839)), which is supported by research demonstrating its interaction with Netrin-G Ligand 1 (NGL-1) to promote axon outgrowth ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1148)). Its localization to the [plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886) and specifically to synaptic components like the [glutamatergic synapse](/details-cell/GO:0098978) and [presynaptic active zone membrane](/details-cell/GO:0048787) reinforces its role in modulating synaptic transmission ([GO:0050804](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050804)). The Reactome pathway annotations indicate that [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) undergoes post-translational modification, specifically the synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins ([R-HSA-163125](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-163125)), which tethers it to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, allowing it to function as an extracellular signaling and adhesion molecule. Some studies suggest that alternative splicing of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) may be linked to genetic risk factors for autism, potentially by altering protein-protein interaction networks in the brain ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24722188/)). ## Research Directions Given the highly specific expression of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) in the developing and mature nervous system, its dysregulation is a plausible contributor to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. The specific roles of this gene in distinct neuronal circuits warrant further investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in multiple, distinct retinal neuron subtypes ([retinal bipolar neuron](/details-cell/CL0000748), [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751), [amacrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000561)), we hypothesize that [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) is essential for the precise laminar organization and synaptic targeting within the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Loss-of-function would likely lead to disorganized retinal circuitry and specific deficits in visual processing. 2. The co-expression of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) in both cortical neurons and [oligodendrocyte precursor cell](/details-cell/CL0002453)s suggests a hypothesis that it mediates neuron-glia communication that guides oligodendrocyte differentiation or the initial stages of myelination for specific axonal subtypes. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) in retinal organization, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated using a retina-specific Cre driver (e.g., Chx10-Cre). Retinal structure in these knockout animals could be analyzed using immunohistochemistry with markers for different retinal cell layers and synapses to identify defects in lamination or synaptic connectivity. Functional consequences could be assessed *in vivo* using electroretinography (ERG) to measure deficits in the retinal response to light. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a GPI-anchored, cell-surface protein, [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) is an accessible molecule for therapeutic intervention. However, its fundamental role in maintaining neural circuits suggests that systemic inhibition would likely have severe adverse effects. Instead, its potential may lie in promoting neural repair. Agonistic antibodies or recombinant [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) protein could be explored as a strategy to promote axon regeneration and synaptic reconnection following CNS injury, such as spinal cord injury or stroke. Furthermore, specific isoforms or expression levels of [NTNG1](/details-gene/22854) could serve as biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder, as suggested by existing research ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24722188/)).

Genular Protein ID: 722228146

Symbol: NTNG1_HUMAN

Name: Netrin-G1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10231032

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 10231032

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/6.1.63

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 14595443

Title: The netrin-G1 ligand NGL-1 promotes the outgrowth of thalamocortical axons.

PubMed ID: 14595443

DOI: 10.1038/nn1148

PubMed ID: 15901489

Title: Human netrin-G1 isoforms show evidence of differential expression.

PubMed ID: 15901489

DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.04.004

PubMed ID: 21946559

Title: Structural basis for cell surface patterning through NetrinG-NGL interactions.

PubMed ID: 21946559

DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.346

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 539
  • Mass: 60541
  • Checksum: C51F872D7A2C60A6
  • Sequence:
  • MYLSRFLSIH ALWVTVSSVM QPYPLVWGHY DLCKTQIYTE EGKVWDYMAC QPESTDMTKY 
    LKVKLDPPDI TCGDPPETFC AMGNPYMCNN ECDASTPELA HPPELMFDFE GRHPSTFWQS 
    ATWKEYPKPL QVNITLSWSK TIELTDNIVI TFESGRPDQM ILEKSLDYGR TWQPYQYYAT 
    DCLDAFHMDP KSVKDLSQHT VLEIICTEEY STGYTTNSKI IHFEIKDRFA FFAGPRLRNM 
    ASLYGQLDTT KKLRDFFTVT DLRIRLLRPA VGEIFVDELH LARYFYAISD IKVRGRCKCN 
    LHATVCVYDN SKLTCECEHN TTGPDCGKCK KNYQGRPWSP GSYLPIPKGT ANTCIPSISS 
    IGNCECFGHS NRCSYIDLLN TVICVSCKHN TRGQHCELCR LGYFRNASAQ LDDENVCIEC 
    YCNPLGSIHD RCNGSGFCEC KTGTTGPKCD ECLPGNSWHY GCQPNVCDNE LLHCQNGGTC 
    HNNVRCLCPA AYTGILCEKL RCEEAGSCGS DSGQGAPPHG SPALLLLTTL LGTASPLVF

Genular Protein ID: 3773145084

Symbol: B4DKF0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 505
  • Mass: 56739
  • Checksum: 5C80C44763C452B8
  • Sequence:
  • MYLSRFLSIH ALWVTVSSVM QPYPLVWGHY DLCKTQIYTE EGKVWDYMAC QPESTDMTKY 
    LKVKLDPPDI TCGDPPETFC AMGNPYMCNN ECDASTPELA HPPELMFDFE GRHPSTFWQS 
    ATWKEYPKPL QVNITLSWSK TIELTDNIVI TFESGRPDQM ILEKSLDYGR TWQPYQYYAT 
    DCLDAFHMDP KSVKDLSQHT VLEIICTEEY STGYTTNSKI IHFEIKDRFA FFAGPRLRNM 
    ASLYGQLDTT KKLRDFFTVT DLRIRLLRPA VGEIFVDELH LARYFYAISD IKVRGRCKCN 
    LHATVCVYDN SKLTCECEHN TTGPDCGKCK KNYQGRPWSP GSYLPIPKGT ANTCIPSISS 
    IGNPPKFNRI WPNISSLEVS NPKQECYCNP LGSIHDRCNG SGFCECKTGT TGPKCDECLP 
    GNSWHYGCQP NVCDNELLHC QNGGTCHNNV RCLCPAAYTG ILCEKLRCEE AGSCGSDSGQ 
    GAPPHGSPAL LLLTTLLGTA SPLVF

Genular Protein ID: 3482584156

Symbol: X5DNW2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 24722188

Title: Protein interaction network of alternatively spliced isoforms from brain links genetic risk factors for autism.

PubMed ID: 24722188

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 480
  • Mass: 53946
  • Checksum: 9099C3CF4D3F7B86
  • Sequence:
  • MYLSRFLSIH ALWVTVSSVM QPYPLVWGHY DLCKTQIYTE EGKVWDYMAC QPESTDMTKY 
    LKVKLDPPDI TCGDPPETFC AMGNPYMCNN ECDASTPELA HPPELMFDFE GRHPSTFWQS 
    ATWKEYPKPL QVNITLSWSK TIELTDNIVI TFESGRPDQM ILEKSLDYGR TWQPYQYYAT 
    DCLDAFHMDP KSVKDLSQHT VLEIICTEEY STGYTTNSKI IHFEIKDRFA FFAGPRLRNM 
    ASLYGQLDTT KKLRDFFTVT DLRIRLLRPA VGEIFVDELH LARYFYAISD IKVRGRCKCN 
    LHATVCVYDN SKLTCECEHN TTGPDCGKCK KNYQGRPWSP GSYLPIPKGT ANTCIPSISS 
    IGNPPKFNRI WPNISSLEVS NPKQVAPKLA LSTVSSVQVA NHKRANVCDN ELLHCQNGGT 
    CHNNVRCLCP AAYTGILCEK LRCEEAGSCG SDSGQGAPPH GSPALLLLTT LLGTASPLVF

Genular Protein ID: 4061626992

Symbol: Q5IEC8_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 167
  • Mass: 18055
  • Checksum: 9F9A975886BE52A2
  • Sequence:
  • PIPKGTANTC IPSISSIGNC ECFGHSNRCS YIDLLNTVIC VSCKHNTRGQ HCELCRLGYF 
    RNASAQLDDE NVCIECYCNP LGSIHDRCNG SGFCECKTGT TGPKCDECLP GNSWHYGCQP 
    NVCDNELLHC QNGGTCHNNV RCLCPAAYTG ILCEKLRCEE AGSCGSD

Genular Protein ID: 1799624677

Symbol: Q5IEC3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 209
  • Mass: 22692
  • Checksum: A6ACDE0F6115CE44
  • Sequence:
  • PIPKGTANTC IPSISSIGNP PKFNRIWPNI SSLEVSNPKQ VAPKLALSTV SSVQVANHKR 
    DCECFGHSNR CSYIDLLNTV ICVSCKHNTR GQHCELCRLG YFRNASAQLD DENVCIECYC 
    NPLGSIHDRC NGSGFCECKT GTTGPKCDEC LPGNSWHYGC QPNVCDNELL HCQNGGTCHN 
    NVRCLCPAAY TGILCEKLRC EEAGSCGSD