Details for: LENG1

Gene ID: 79165

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: LENG1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105617

Description: leukocyte receptor cluster member 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 10.24
    rCSI 12.37%
    PRS 91.39
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 9.77
    rCSI 6.82%
    PRS 88.49
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 9.57
    rCSI 9.4%
    PRS 95.15
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 8.23
    rCSI 5.91%
    PRS 95.1
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 6.82
    rCSI 6.29%
    PRS 86.36
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 5.12%
    PRS 86.03
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 5.48
    rCSI 8.37%
    PRS 90.77
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 5.27
    rCSI 19.09%
    PRS 96.66
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 4.42
    rCSI 6.05%
    PRS 88.96
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 4.15
    rCSI 2.76%
    PRS 87.23
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 4.06
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 96.65
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 3.69
    rCSI 5.57%
    PRS 89.86
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 94
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 95.14
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 95.03
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 94.4
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 3.05
    rCSI 5.48%
    PRS 79.15
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 86.14
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 5.94%
    PRS 76.93
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 2.92
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 92.65
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 8.33%
    PRS 85.73
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 95.67
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 83.69
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 96.96
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 95.78
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 3.89%
    PRS 83.83
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 94.64
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 12.42%
    PRS 94.32
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 1.84%
    PRS 94.14
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 75.7
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 94.76
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.05%
    PRS 89.44
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 92.44
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 89.22
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 83.37
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 1.66%
    PRS 93.23
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 84.36
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 1.61%
    PRS 89.82
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.14
    rCSI 2.14%
    PRS 79.42
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 1.59%
    PRS 88.37
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 95.96
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 94.56
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 2
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 91.96
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 5.61%
    PRS 97.01
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 96.15
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.91
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 75.23
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 4.27%
    PRS 84.56
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 10.75%
    PRS 86.63
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 2.33%
    PRS 81.38
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.75%
    PRS 82.14
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 77.57
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 78.91
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 1.36%
    PRS 88.34
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 1.63%
    PRS 78.45
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.69%
    PRS 96.88
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 76.12
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.34
    rCSI 1.92%
    PRS 84.71
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.18
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 80.11
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.15
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 90.19
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 1.09
    rCSI 1.93%
    PRS 54.57
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 1.62%
    PRS 53.22
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 0.96
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 78.92
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 0.91
    rCSI 1.24%
    PRS 53.1
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 0.83
    rCSI 1.01%
    PRS 65.56
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 85.84
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.67
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 84.17

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [LENG1](/details-gene/79165), or Leukocyte Receptor Cluster Member 1, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19. Despite its name suggesting a role as a surface receptor, functional annotations and expression data point towards a function as an intracellular regulator of RNA metabolism. **Overall**, [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) shows significant expression enrichment in a variety of immune cell populations, most notably in [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0002399), [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058), and [CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000792). Its involvement in mRNA splicing pathways suggests it plays a critical role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression required for the differentiation and function of these key leukocytes. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) firmly establishes its importance within the hematopoietic system, particularly in cells of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The gene exhibits its highest significance in professional antigen-presenting cells, including [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0002399) (CSI: 10.24) and [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058) (CSI: 9.77), suggesting a fundamental role in dendritic cell biology. Furthermore, [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) is a highly significant gene in several T cell subsets, including [CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000792) (CSI: 9.57) and [CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000897) (CSI: 8.23). This strong expression signature across diverse and highly specialized immune cell types indicates that [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) is likely involved in a core cellular process that is broadly leveraged by the immune system to control cellular function and identity. The gene's presence in [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 4.15) further suggests a potential role in early immune lineage commitment. While its primary role appears to be in leukocytes, notable expression in [fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL0002553) indicates it may have functions outside the immune system. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functional annotation reveals a specific role for [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) in intracellular RNA processing. It is associated with the [Reactome Pathway](https://reactome.org) [Metabolism of rna](/details-gene/R-HSA-8953854) and, more specifically, with multiple steps of mRNA splicing, including [Mrna splicing - major pathway](/details-gene/R-HSA-72163) and [Processing of capped intron-containing pre-mrna](/details-gene/R-HSA-72203). Gene Ontology annotations place the protein in the [Nucleoplasm](/details-gene/GO:0005654) and ascribe to it a [Protein binding](/details-gene/GO:0005515) function, which is consistent with a role as a component of the spliceosome or a related RNA-protein complex. This molecular function provides a mechanistic basis for its observed cellular expression pattern. The precise regulation of gene expression via alternative splicing is critical for the development and activation of immune cells. For instance, its high expression in dendritic cells and regulatory T cells may indicate that [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) controls the splicing of key transcripts that define the unique functional programs of these lineages. Several large-scale phosphoproteomic studies have identified LENG1 as a phosphoprotein, suggesting its activity may be regulated by cell signaling pathways, such as those initiated by T cell receptor activation or DNA damage ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000007), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1140321)). ## Research Directions The data suggest that [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) is not a leukocyte receptor but rather a nuclear protein that regulates immune cell function through RNA splicing. This discrepancy between its name and its annotated function, combined with its specific expression pattern, opens up several avenues for future research. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in [CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000792), [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) is an essential component of the splicing machinery that processes transcripts critical for maintaining the suppressive phenotype of regulatory T cells, such as those encoding the master regulator FOXP3 or its associated factors. 2. In dendritic cells, [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) regulates the alternative splicing of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, thereby controlling the nature and intensity of the adaptive immune response they initiate. 3. Phosphorylation of [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) in response to T cell activation acts as a molecular switch, altering its affinity for specific pre-mRNAs and redirecting splicing events to promote T cell effector function. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) in regulatory T cell (Treg) function, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated where [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) is specifically deleted in Foxp3-expressing cells. Tregs isolated from these mice would be subjected to RNA-sequencing to identify global changes in mRNA splicing and gene expression. This analysis would specifically assess the processing and stability of key Treg identity transcripts. Functionally, the suppressive capacity of LENG1-deficient Tregs would be evaluated using in vitro co-culture suppression assays and in vivo models of T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular protein involved in the fundamental process of RNA splicing, [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) presents a challenging but potentially valuable therapeutic target. Its high expression in key immune-regulatory cells suggests that modulating its activity could be beneficial in disease. For cancer immunotherapy, inhibition of [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) could destabilize Treg function, thereby removing a key brake on the anti-tumor immune response. Conversely, for autoimmune diseases, enhancing the function or expression of [LENG1](/details-gene/79165) could bolster the suppressive capacity of Tregs. Targeting an intracellular splicing factor would likely require advanced therapeutic modalities, such as targeted protein degraders (PROTACs) or antisense oligonucleotides, rather than conventional small molecules or antibodies.

Genular Protein ID: 2069858004

Symbol: LENG1_HUMAN

Name: Leukocyte receptor cluster member 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q96BZ8 Q9HCU7

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 10 GO 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10941842

Title: Extensive gene duplications and a large inversion characterize the human leukocyte receptor cluster.

PubMed ID: 10941842

DOI: 10.1007/s002510000187

PubMed ID: 17525332

Title: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 17525332

DOI: 10.1126/science.1140321

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 264
  • Mass: 30528
  • Checksum: 324AD76EA1165C44
  • Sequence:
    • MNILPKKSWH VRNKDNVARV RRDEAQAREE EKERERRVLL AQQEARTEFL RKKARHQNSL 
PELEAAEAGA PGSGPVDLFR ELLEEGKGVI RGNKEYKEEK RQEKERQEKA LGILTYLGQS 
AAEAQTQPPW YQLPPGRGGP PPGPAPDEKI KSRLDPLREM QKHLGKKRQH GGDEGSRSRK 
EKEGSEKQRP KEPPSLDQLR AERLRREAAE RSRAEALLAR VQGRALQEGQ PEEDETDDRR 
RRYNSQFNPQ LARRPRQQDP HLTH