Associated with
Cells (max top 100)
(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)
- Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
Fold Change: 621.8770
Cell Significance Index: -96.7300 - Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
Fold Change: 255.9949
Cell Significance Index: -131.6800 - Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
Fold Change: 241.0391
Cell Significance Index: -113.8000 - Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
Fold Change: 179.3463
Cell Significance Index: -45.4900 - Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
Fold Change: 169.3834
Cell Significance Index: -113.6600 - Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
Fold Change: 131.5966
Cell Significance Index: 547.7000 - Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
Fold Change: 78.1455
Cell Significance Index: -96.3500 - Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
Fold Change: 40.5345
Cell Significance Index: -124.5000 - Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
Fold Change: 36.7285
Cell Significance Index: 85.6900 - Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
Fold Change: 27.3844
Cell Significance Index: -108.0600 - Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
Fold Change: 22.9165
Cell Significance Index: -61.3900 - Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
Fold Change: 22.9143
Cell Significance Index: -50.1500 - Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
Fold Change: 18.4530
Cell Significance Index: 341.0600 - Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
Fold Change: 14.4752
Cell Significance Index: 255.8000 - Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
Fold Change: 12.8989
Cell Significance Index: 1521.1700 - Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
Fold Change: 10.6947
Cell Significance Index: 314.0900 - Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
Fold Change: 10.3385
Cell Significance Index: 117.4500 - Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
Fold Change: 7.7152
Cell Significance Index: 497.7500 - Cell Name: IgG-negative class switched memory B cell (CL0002117)
Fold Change: 7.2853
Cell Significance Index: 32.5800 - Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
Fold Change: 7.1485
Cell Significance Index: 51.3400 - Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
Fold Change: 6.8087
Cell Significance Index: 45.1700 - Cell Name: monocyte-derived dendritic cell (CL0011031)
Fold Change: 6.4477
Cell Significance Index: 110.7700 - Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
Fold Change: 4.9239
Cell Significance Index: 113.7600 - Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
Fold Change: 4.6977
Cell Significance Index: 72.6800 - Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
Fold Change: 4.3063
Cell Significance Index: 115.1900 - Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
Fold Change: 2.6756
Cell Significance Index: 17.0800 - Cell Name: glomerular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001005)
Fold Change: 2.6000
Cell Significance Index: 9.6900 - Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
Fold Change: 2.1945
Cell Significance Index: 103.1400 - Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
Fold Change: 2.1846
Cell Significance Index: 1653.5300 - Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
Fold Change: 2.1670
Cell Significance Index: 266.4600 - Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
Fold Change: 2.0083
Cell Significance Index: 5.3800 - Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
Fold Change: 1.6516
Cell Significance Index: 297.7400 - Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
Fold Change: 1.5686
Cell Significance Index: 856.6600 - Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
Fold Change: 1.5456
Cell Significance Index: 199.6800 - Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
Fold Change: 1.4584
Cell Significance Index: 1316.7900 - Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
Fold Change: 0.8744
Cell Significance Index: 173.5200 - Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
Fold Change: 0.7233
Cell Significance Index: 43.4200 - Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
Fold Change: 0.5282
Cell Significance Index: 13.8900 - Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
Fold Change: 0.3771
Cell Significance Index: 61.3300 - Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
Fold Change: 0.3263
Cell Significance Index: 35.5000 - Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
Fold Change: 0.3254
Cell Significance Index: 32.1900 - Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
Fold Change: 0.3067
Cell Significance Index: 31.3300 - Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
Fold Change: 0.2861
Cell Significance Index: 126.4900 - Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
Fold Change: 0.0200
Cell Significance Index: 2.5700 - Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
Fold Change: 0.0150
Cell Significance Index: 2.8600 - Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
Fold Change: -0.0466
Cell Significance Index: -87.6900 - Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
Fold Change: -0.0730
Cell Significance Index: -134.6700 - Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
Fold Change: -0.0846
Cell Significance Index: -130.2700 - Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
Fold Change: -0.0861
Cell Significance Index: -53.7700 - Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
Fold Change: -0.0981
Cell Significance Index: -72.6400 - Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
Fold Change: -0.0984
Cell Significance Index: -133.7300 - Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
Fold Change: -0.1185
Cell Significance Index: -86.9000 - Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
Fold Change: -0.1312
Cell Significance Index: -22.4100 - Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
Fold Change: -0.1666
Cell Significance Index: -93.9400 - Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
Fold Change: -0.1916
Cell Significance Index: -121.7000 - Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
Fold Change: -0.2681
Cell Significance Index: -121.6900 - Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
Fold Change: -0.2736
Cell Significance Index: -12.4000 - Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
Fold Change: -0.2839
Cell Significance Index: -21.1600 - Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
Fold Change: -0.2922
Cell Significance Index: -104.8100 - Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
Fold Change: -0.3085
Cell Significance Index: -7.8800 - Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
Fold Change: -0.3145
Cell Significance Index: -90.4800 - Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
Fold Change: -0.3400
Cell Significance Index: -71.6100 - Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
Fold Change: -0.3485
Cell Significance Index: -17.6100 - Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
Fold Change: -0.3657
Cell Significance Index: -12.8500 - Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
Fold Change: -0.4288
Cell Significance Index: -58.8800 - Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
Fold Change: -0.4883
Cell Significance Index: -56.9100 - Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
Fold Change: -0.4891
Cell Significance Index: -98.1100 - Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
Fold Change: -0.7035
Cell Significance Index: -80.6000 - Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
Fold Change: -0.7771
Cell Significance Index: -31.8400 - Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
Fold Change: -0.8021
Cell Significance Index: -116.5900 - Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
Fold Change: -0.8405
Cell Significance Index: -95.9400 - Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
Fold Change: -0.9551
Cell Significance Index: -30.5900 - Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
Fold Change: -0.9718
Cell Significance Index: -28.0000 - Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
Fold Change: -1.0367
Cell Significance Index: -107.9500 - Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
Fold Change: -1.1573
Cell Significance Index: -28.9300 - Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
Fold Change: -1.2602
Cell Significance Index: -96.7100 - Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
Fold Change: -1.3745
Cell Significance Index: -71.4000 - Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
Fold Change: -1.4606
Cell Significance Index: -40.8200 - Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
Fold Change: -1.5099
Cell Significance Index: -92.5700 - Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
Fold Change: -1.6011
Cell Significance Index: -113.2400 - Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
Fold Change: -1.6255
Cell Significance Index: -128.7400 - Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
Fold Change: -1.6421
Cell Significance Index: -85.5400 - Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
Fold Change: -1.6504
Cell Significance Index: -76.9500 - Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
Fold Change: -1.7428
Cell Significance Index: -117.1900 - Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
Fold Change: -2.0009
Cell Significance Index: -126.1100 - Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
Fold Change: -2.0210
Cell Significance Index: -124.2200 - Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
Fold Change: -2.0901
Cell Significance Index: -56.8900 - Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
Fold Change: -2.1944
Cell Significance Index: -123.1400 - Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
Fold Change: -2.2219
Cell Significance Index: -116.6600 - Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
Fold Change: -2.4838
Cell Significance Index: -53.8100 - Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
Fold Change: -2.5642
Cell Significance Index: -94.1300 - Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
Fold Change: -2.6138
Cell Significance Index: -90.8300 - Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
Fold Change: -2.6400
Cell Significance Index: -45.5100 - Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
Fold Change: -2.6597
Cell Significance Index: -117.6500 - Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
Fold Change: -2.7469
Cell Significance Index: -41.1600 - Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
Fold Change: -2.7982
Cell Significance Index: -82.4200 - Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
Fold Change: -2.8556
Cell Significance Index: -30.3400 - Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
Fold Change: -3.0850
Cell Significance Index: -44.3700 - Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
Fold Change: -3.0850
Cell Significance Index: -64.3400 - Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
Fold Change: -3.1048
Cell Significance Index: -117.5700
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Other Information
Key Characteristics
CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. It is composed of three domains: the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular domain. The extracellular domain contains a binding site for MHC class II molecules, while the intracellular domain interacts with chaperone proteins to facilitate protein refolding and antigen processing. CD74 is also known to interact with various signaling molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which modulate immune responses.
Pathways and Functions
CD74 is involved in various cellular processes, including:
- Antigen processing and presentation: CD74 associates with MHC class II molecules, facilitating their processing and presentation of antigens to T-cells.
- Immune system regulation: CD74 modulates T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as the production of cytokines and chemokines.
- Cell surface interactions: CD74 interacts with various ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which regulate immune responses.
- Protein refolding and chaperone activity: CD74 acts as a chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding protein, facilitating the proper folding of MHC class II molecules and other proteins.
- Apoptosis regulation: CD74 negatively regulates apoptosis in B cells and other cells, promoting cell survival and immune responses.
Clinical Significance
CD74 is of significant clinical interest due to its role in immune system regulation. Dysregulation of CD74 has been implicated in various diseases, including:
- Autoimmune disorders: CD74 dysfunction has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
- Cancer: CD74 has been identified as a tumor antigen in certain cancers, including breast, lung, and colon cancer.
- Infectious diseases: CD74 plays a critical role in the immune response to infections, such as HIV and tuberculosis.
- Immunotherapies: CD74-targeting therapies have been developed to modulate immune responses in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
In conclusion, CD74 is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, and targeting CD74 has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for immune-related disorders.
Genular Protein ID: 620536413
Symbol: HG2A_HUMAN
Name: HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain
UniProtKB Accession Codes:
Database IDs:
Citations:
PubMed ID: 6324166
Title: cDNA clone for the human invariant gamma chain of class II histocompatibility antigens and its implications for the protein structure.
PubMed ID: 6324166
PubMed ID: 6586420
Title: The complete sequence of the mRNA for the HLA-DR-associated invariant chain reveals a polypeptide with an unusual transmembrane polarity.
PubMed ID: 6586420
PubMed ID: 3001652
Title: Structure of the human gene encoding the invariant gamma-chain of class II histocompatibility antigens.
PubMed ID: 3001652
PubMed ID: 3459184
Title: Structure of the human Ia-associated invariant (gamma)-chain gene: identification of 5' sequences shared with major histocompatibility complex class II genes.
PubMed ID: 3459184
PubMed ID: 14702039
Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.
PubMed ID: 14702039
DOI: 10.1038/ng1285
PubMed ID: 15372022
Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.
PubMed ID: 15372022
DOI: 10.1038/nature02919
PubMed ID: 15489334
Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
PubMed ID: 15489334
DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504
PubMed ID: 1448172
Title: HLA-DR molecules from an antigen-processing mutant cell line are associated with invariant chain peptides.
PubMed ID: 1448172
DOI: 10.1038/360474a0
PubMed ID: 3104027
Title: Alternative splicing and alternative initiation of translation explain the four forms of the Ia antigen-associated invariant chain.
PubMed ID: 3104027
PubMed ID: 12661006
Title: Fusion of FIG to the receptor tyrosine kinase ROS in a glioblastoma with an interstitial del(6)(q21q21).
PubMed ID: 12661006
DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10207
PubMed ID: 12782713
Title: MIF signal transduction initiated by binding to CD74.
PubMed ID: 12782713
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20030286
PubMed ID: 19092054
PubMed ID: 19159218
Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.
PubMed ID: 19159218
DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012
PubMed ID: 21269460
Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.
PubMed ID: 21269460
PubMed ID: 22171320
Title: Human urinary glycoproteomics; attachment site specific analysis of N- and O-linked glycosylations by CID and ECD.
PubMed ID: 22171320
PubMed ID: 23234360
Title: LC-MS/MS characterization of O-glycosylation sites and glycan structures of human cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins.
PubMed ID: 23234360
DOI: 10.1021/pr300963h
PubMed ID: 25326458
Title: Identification of chondroitin sulfate linkage region glycopeptides reveals prohormones as a novel class of proteoglycans.
PubMed ID: 25326458
PubMed ID: 25944712
Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.
PubMed ID: 25944712
PubMed ID: 32337544
Title: An affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics workflow to profile the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that interact with malarial VAR2CSA in the placenta and in cancer.
PubMed ID: 32337544
PubMed ID: 32855215
Title: MHC class II transactivator CIITA induces cell resistance to Ebola virus and SARS-like coronaviruses.
PubMed ID: 32855215
PubMed ID: 36213313
Title: Mass spectrometric analysis of chondroitin sulfate-linked peptides.
PubMed ID: 36213313
PubMed ID: 37453717
Title: Mapping the Human Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoproteome Reveals an Unexpected Correlation Between Glycan Sulfation and Attachment Site Characteristics.
PubMed ID: 37453717
PubMed ID: 7477400
Title: The structure of an intermediate in class II MHC maturation: CLIP bound to HLA-DR3.
PubMed ID: 7477400
DOI: 10.1038/378457a0
PubMed ID: 9843486
Title: Structure of a trimeric domain of the MHC class II-associated chaperonin and targeting protein Ii.
PubMed ID: 9843486
PubMed ID: 10022822
Title: Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S.
PubMed ID: 10022822
Sequence Information:
- Length: 296
- Mass: 33516
- Checksum: 27A13F252D5FB91D
- Sequence:
MHRRRSRSCR EDQKPVMDDQ RDLISNNEQL PMLGRRPGAP ESKCSRGALY TGFSILVTLL LAGQATTAYF LYQQQGRLDK LTVTSQNLQL ENLRMKLPKP PKPVSKMRMA TPLLMQALPM GALPQGPMQN ATKYGNMTED HVMHLLQNAD PLKVYPPLKG SFPENLRHLK NTMETIDWKV FESWMHHWLL FEMSRHSLEQ KPTDAPPKVL TKCQEEVSHI PAVHPGSFRP KCDENGNYLP LQCYGSIGYC WCVFPNGTEV PNTRSRGHHN CSESLELEDP SSGLGVTKQD LGPVPM
Database document:
This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.