Details for: ENDOG

Gene ID: 2021

Symbol: ENDOG

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167136

Description: endonuclease G

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 113.4718
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 71.4586
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 15.2722
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 6.3789
    Cell Significance Index: 105.1200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 6.3460
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.8403
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 3.3860
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.4882
    Cell Significance Index: 77.3100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.3912
    Cell Significance Index: 63.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.0741
    Cell Significance Index: 125.1700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.0199
    Cell Significance Index: 557.0200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9179
    Cell Significance Index: 149.3000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.8659
    Cell Significance Index: 23.5700
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.8655
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.8114
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.8022
    Cell Significance Index: 17.3800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.7214
    Cell Significance Index: 130.0500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.6382
    Cell Significance Index: 78.4800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.6029
    Cell Significance Index: 38.9000
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.5657
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.5473
    Cell Significance Index: 25.5200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.5276
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.3375
    Cell Significance Index: 46.3500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2887
    Cell Significance Index: 127.6200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2802
    Cell Significance Index: 253.0000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.2654
    Cell Significance Index: 76.3600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.2338
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2337
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1667
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1629
    Cell Significance Index: 31.0000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.1602
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.1355
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.1192
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1134
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0985
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7600
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.0984
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0904
    Cell Significance Index: 11.6800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0827
    Cell Significance Index: 60.6600
  • Cell Name: fetal cardiomyocyte (CL0002495)
    Fold Change: 0.0628
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.0557
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0744
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0923
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0934
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0968
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0973
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1129
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.1312
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: -0.1330
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.1532
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1792
    Cell Significance Index: -18.6600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1840
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2800
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.1917
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.2042
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2174
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2189
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2313
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2459
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2481
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2746
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4100
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: -0.3588
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.3615
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.3688
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.3722
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3732
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6500
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3752
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7800
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.3782
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.3803
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.3888
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.3944
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.4055
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3600
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: -0.4103
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6200
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: -0.4145
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.4151
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.4193
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.4213
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.4301
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.4314
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.4316
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Mitochondrial localization**: ENDOG is primarily found in the mitochondria, where it regulates the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. 2. **Endonuclease and exonuclease activities**: ENDOG exhibits both endonuclease and exonuclease activities, allowing it to cleave and degrade DNA strands. 3. **Multifunctional roles**: ENDOG is involved in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA replication. 4. **High expression levels**: ENDOG is highly expressed in multiple cell types, including those of the tracheobronchial tree, cardiomyocytes, and epithelial cells. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Apoptotic DNA fragmentation**: ENDOG is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, where it cleaves and degrades DNA strands, leading to the formation of apoptotic bodies. 2. **DNA damage response**: ENDOG plays a role in the repair of DNA damage, particularly in the mitochondria. 3. **Mitochondrial DNA catabolic process**: ENDOG is involved in the degradation of mitochondrial DNA, which is essential for maintaining mitochondrial function. 4. **Autophagy regulation**: ENDOG is a positive regulator of autophagy, a process by which cells recycle damaged or dysfunctional components, including mitochondria. 5. **Negative regulation of TOR signaling**: ENDOG is a negative regulator of the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, which is involved in cell growth and metabolism. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of ENDOG has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: ENDOG has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, where it contributes to the regulation of apoptosis and DNA damage response. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: ENDOG has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, where it plays a role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and DNA damage response. 3. **Infectious diseases**: ENDOG has been shown to be involved in the response to antibiotic and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stress. In conclusion, ENDOG is a multifaceted gene that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, DNA repair, and replication. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the mechanisms of ENDOG and its potential therapeutic applications.

Genular Protein ID: 596753999

Symbol: NUCG_HUMAN

Name: Endonuclease G, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q14249 Q5T281 Q9BSP2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 2 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 4 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 20 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7789991

Title: Chromosomal localization of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TCF6), single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP), and endonuclease G (ENDOG), three human housekeeping genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.

PubMed ID: 7789991

DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80058-t

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 25355512

Title: Endonuclease G preferentially cleaves 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-modified DNA creating a substrate for recombination.

PubMed ID: 25355512

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1032

PubMed ID: 29719607

Title: Endonuclease G promotes mitochondrial genome cleavage and replication.

PubMed ID: 29719607

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24822

PubMed ID: 33473107

Title: Endonuclease G promotes autophagy by suppressing mTOR signaling and activating the DNA damage response.

PubMed ID: 33473107

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20780-2

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 297
  • Mass: 32620
  • Checksum: 33015E8A619781B7
  • Sequence:
    • MRALRAGLTL ASGAGLGAVV EGWRRRREDA RAAPGLLGRL PVLPVAAAAE LPPVPGGPRG 
PGELAKYGLP GLAQLKSRES YVLCYDPRTR GALWVVEQLR PERLRGDGDR RECDFREDDS 
VHAYHRATNA DYRGSGFDRG HLAAAANHRW SQKAMDDTFY LSNVAPQVPH LNQNAWNNLE 
KYSRSLTRSY QNVYVCTGPL FLPRTEADGK SYVKYQVIGK NHVAVPTHFF KVLILEAAGG 
QIELRTYVMP NAPVDEAIPL ERFLVPIESI ERASGLLFVP NILARAGSLK AITAGSK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.