Details for: IFNA21

Gene ID: 3452

Symbol: IFNA21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137080

Description: interferon alpha 21

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 0.1922
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6400
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: 0.1760
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.0985
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1900
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0183
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: -0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human (CL0001058)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: immature B cell (CL0000816)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0267
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.0287
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: -0.0336
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: -0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: -0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: -0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.0433
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: -0.0443
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.0445
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.0484
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: ON parasol ganglion cell (CL4033052)
    Fold Change: -0.0490
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: -0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: brain vascular cell (CL4023072)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) (CL0000338)
    Fold Change: -0.0614
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0617
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: -0.0984
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** IFNA21 is a type I interferon, which is characterized by its ability to induce the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that are involved in the defense against viral infections. IFNA21 is primarily produced by intestinal epithelial cells, goblet cells, and other cell types in response to viral infections, such as RSV and SARS-CoV-2. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses, including the activation of natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells. **Pathways and Functions:** IFNA21 is involved in various signaling pathways that regulate immune responses, including: 1. **Adaptive immune response:** IFNA21 induces the expression of ISGs that activate B cells, leading to the production of antibodies against viral antigens. 2. **Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway:** IFNA21 interacts with the interferon receptor (IFNAR) to activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, leading to the expression of ISGs. 3. **Cellular response to virus:** IFNA21 is involved in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis in response to viral infections. 4. **Disease evasion:** IFNA21 plays a role in the evasion of host immune responses by viral pathogens, such as RSV and SARS-CoV-2. IFNA21 also interacts with other signaling pathways, including the Traf6-mediated IRF7 activation pathway, which is involved in the regulation of interferon signaling. **Clinical Significance:** IFNA21 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection:** IFNA21 has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses against RSV infection, and its expression is induced in response to RSV infection. 2. **SARS-CoV-2 infection:** IFNA21 has been shown to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, and its expression is induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 3. **Other viral infections:** IFNA21 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses against other viral infections, including influenza and herpes simplex virus. In addition to its role in viral infections, IFNA21 has also been implicated in other diseases, including: 1. **Cancer:** IFNA21 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses against cancer cells. 2. **Autoimmune diseases:** IFNA21 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. **Conclusion:** IFNA21 is a critical component of the innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Its role in the regulation of immune responses is complex and involves the interaction with various signaling pathways. Further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of IFNA21 in immune regulation and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2860170049

Symbol: IFN21_HUMAN

Name: Interferon alpha-21

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01568 Q14608 Q5VWD1 Q7M4Q4

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ComplexPortal 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 12 Ensembl 1 GO 17 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 5 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 6 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6163083

Title: The structure of eight distinct cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 6163083

DOI: 10.1038/290020a0

PubMed ID: 6548765

Title: Novel human leukocyte interferon subtype and structural comparison of alpha interferon genes.

PubMed ID: 6548765

DOI: 10.1089/jir.1984.4.609

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3803589

Title: Anomalous behavior of human leukocyte interferon subtypes on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate.

PubMed ID: 3803589

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81278-4

PubMed ID: 1634550

Title: Purification and characterization of multiple components of human lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha.

PubMed ID: 1634550

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42167-9

PubMed ID: 9425112

Title: Identification of nine interferon-alpha subtypes produced by Sendai virus-induced human peripheral blood leucocytes.

PubMed ID: 9425112

DOI: 10.1042/bj3290295

PubMed ID: 8910771

Title: Identification of interferon-alpha 7, -alpha 14, and -alpha 21 variants in the genome of a large human population.

PubMed ID: 8910771

DOI: 10.1089/jir.1996.16.853

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 189
  • Mass: 21741
  • Checksum: F0B6C9C392905802
  • Sequence:
    • MALSFSLLMA VLVLSYKSIC SLGCDLPQTH SLGNRRALIL LAQMGRISPF SCLKDRHDFG 
FPQEEFDGNQ FQKAQAISVL HEMIQQTFNL FSTKDSSATW EQSLLEKFST ELNQQLNDLE 
ACVIQEVGVE ETPLMNVDSI LAVKKYFQRI TLYLTEKKYS PCAWEVVRAE IMRSFSLSKI 
FQERLRRKE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.