Details for: CL0000127

Cell ID: CL0000127

Cell Name: astrocyte

Marker Score Threshold: 867
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury.

Synonyms: astrocytic glia

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: ADCY8 (ENSG00000155897)
    Fold Change: 2.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000155897
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 2.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
    Fold Change: 2.72
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ANK2 (ENSG00000145362)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145362
  • Gene Symbol: ADGRB3 (ENSG00000135298)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135298
  • Gene Symbol: ALCAM (ENSG00000170017)
    Fold Change: 2.58
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170017
  • Gene Symbol: ADCY2 (ENSG00000078295)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078295
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A2 (ENSG00000018625)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000018625
  • Gene Symbol: ADD3 (ENSG00000148700)
    Fold Change: 2.5
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148700
  • Gene Symbol: ADRA1A (ENSG00000120907)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000120907
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 2.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: APOE (ENSG00000130203)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130203
  • Gene Symbol: ASPH (ENSG00000198363)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198363
  • Gene Symbol: AQP4 (ENSG00000171885)
    Fold Change: 2.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171885
  • Gene Symbol: BCL2 (ENSG00000171791)
    Fold Change: 2.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171791
  • Gene Symbol: APC (ENSG00000134982)
    Fold Change: 2.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134982
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR1B (ENSG00000138696)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138696
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH1A1 (ENSG00000165092)
    Fold Change: 1.93
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165092
  • Gene Symbol: RHOB (ENSG00000143878)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143878
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGAP5 (ENSG00000100852)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100852
  • Gene Symbol: BCKDHB (ENSG00000083123)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000083123
  • Gene Symbol: BRAF (ENSG00000157764)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157764
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B2 (ENSG00000157087)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000157087
  • Gene Symbol: ZFHX3 (ENSG00000140836)
    Fold Change: 1.8
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140836
  • Gene Symbol: ACYP2 (ENSG00000170634)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170634
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: ABCA1 (ENSG00000165029)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165029
  • Gene Symbol: BICD1 (ENSG00000151746)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151746
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B4 (ENSG00000058668)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000058668
  • Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR1A (ENSG00000107779)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107779
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B2 (ENSG00000129244)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129244
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: BCL6 (ENSG00000113916)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113916
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: ACACB (ENSG00000076555)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000076555
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: ASTN1 (ENSG00000152092)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152092
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: AGT (ENSG00000135744)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135744
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR2 (ENSG00000204217)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204217
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2A2 (ENSG00000174437)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000174437
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ACO2 (ENSG00000100412)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100412
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOC (ENSG00000109107)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109107
  • Gene Symbol: ARRB1 (ENSG00000137486)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137486
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: APBA2 (ENSG00000034053)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000034053
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH2 (ENSG00000111275)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111275
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: BBS2 (ENSG00000125124)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000125124
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH7A1 (ENSG00000164904)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164904
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA4 (ENSG00000196975)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196975
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: ALK (ENSG00000171094)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000171094
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ACTN4 (ENSG00000130402)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130402
  • Gene Symbol: ADCYAP1R1 (ENSG00000078549)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000078549
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: AGL (ENSG00000162688)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162688
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: APBB2 (ENSG00000163697)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163697
  • Gene Symbol: AUH (ENSG00000148090)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148090
  • Gene Symbol: AP1G1 (ENSG00000166747)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166747
  • Gene Symbol: BCR (ENSG00000186716)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186716
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA2 (ENSG00000182718)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000182718
  • Gene Symbol: ARL3 (ENSG00000138175)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138175
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: ABCD2 (ENSG00000173208)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173208
  • Gene Symbol: ACACA (ENSG00000278540)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000278540
  • Gene Symbol: ATR (ENSG00000175054)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175054
  • Gene Symbol: ABL1 (ENSG00000097007)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000097007
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** Astrocytes have several key characteristics that distinguish them from other types of cells in the CNS: 1. **Irregular shape**: Astrocytes are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' that form the glial (limiting) membrane. 2. **Multiple processes**: Astrocytes have multiple processes that extend throughout the CNS, including those that form the glial (limiting) membrane and those that extend into the surrounding tissue. 3. **End feet**: Astrocytes have 'end feet' that form the glial (limiting) membrane, which directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. 4. **Regulation of extracellular environment**: Astrocytes regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, including the concentration of ions, neurotransmitters, and other molecules. 5. **Reactive astrocytes**: Astrocytes can become 'reactive' in response to injury, and their activation can contribute to the development of various neurological disorders. **Clinical Significance** Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of the CNS, and their dysfunction has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including: 1. **Stroke**: Astrocytes play a key role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier, and their dysfunction can contribute to the development of stroke. 2. **Traumatic brain injury**: Astrocytes can become 'reactive' in response to injury, and their activation can contribute to the development of various neurological disorders. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: Astrocytes have been implicated in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Infectious diseases**: Astrocytes can play a role in the development of various infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis. 5. **Cancer**: Astrocytes have been implicated in the development of various cancers, including glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Overall, astrocytes are a crucial component of the CNS, and their dysfunction has significant implications for human health. Further research is needed to understand the role of astrocytes in maintaining the health and function of the CNS, and to develop effective treatments for various neurological disorders.