Details for: GRID2

Gene ID: 2895

Symbol: GRID2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152208

Description: glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 274.1121
    Cell Significance Index: -111.3600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 13.3379
    Cell Significance Index: 25113.6700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 11.5777
    Cell Significance Index: 253.5100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 10.3092
    Cell Significance Index: 176.6700
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 8.9418
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 8.0975
    Cell Significance Index: 454.3900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 7.5580
    Cell Significance Index: 334.3100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 7.1367
    Cell Significance Index: 270.2500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 6.1770
    Cell Significance Index: 2215.5700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 3.7724
    Cell Significance Index: 231.8700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 3.7152
    Cell Significance Index: 2569.5500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 2.6420
    Cell Significance Index: 529.9800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 2.5231
    Cell Significance Index: 60.5100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 1.1961
    Cell Significance Index: 14.8400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 1.1823
    Cell Significance Index: 1820.1600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 1.0791
    Cell Significance Index: 685.3500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 0.7769
    Cell Significance Index: 80.8900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.2720
    Cell Significance Index: 18.2900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.2423
    Cell Significance Index: 109.9500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -47.9700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0743
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.1486
    Cell Significance Index: -110.0400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.1634
    Cell Significance Index: -123.6500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.1904
    Cell Significance Index: -84.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.1909
    Cell Significance Index: -119.2100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.1960
    Cell Significance Index: -107.0600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.2038
    Cell Significance Index: -114.9400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.3252
    Cell Significance Index: -93.5800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.4475
    Cell Significance Index: -88.8100
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.4638
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.5299
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.5528
    Cell Significance Index: -99.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.5618
    Cell Significance Index: -118.3200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.5618
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.5978
    Cell Significance Index: -102.0800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.7534
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.8161
    Cell Significance Index: -112.0800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.8276
    Cell Significance Index: -101.7600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.8803
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1200
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.9314
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.9725
    Cell Significance Index: -51.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -1.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -117.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -1.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -124.0800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -1.0890
    Cell Significance Index: -111.2400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -1.0893
    Cell Significance Index: -35.6700
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -1.1161
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1600
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -1.1357
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -1.3724
    Cell Significance Index: -105.3200
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -1.5326
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -1.8030
    Cell Significance Index: -57.4300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -1.8279
    Cell Significance Index: -112.0700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -1.9700
    Cell Significance Index: -124.1600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -2.1316
    Cell Significance Index: -111.0300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -2.1400
    Cell Significance Index: -74.9700
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -2.2876
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -2.2937
    Cell Significance Index: -107.8000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -2.4467
    Cell Significance Index: -110.9000
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -2.4570
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2900
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -2.4704
    Cell Significance Index: -32.9600
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -2.5673
    Cell Significance Index: -31.1200
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -2.6597
    Cell Significance Index: -55.5100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -2.6714
    Cell Significance Index: -33.7100
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -2.7413
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9300
  • Cell Name: myeloid dendritic cell (CL0000782)
    Fold Change: -2.8204
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1200
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -2.8711
    Cell Significance Index: -62.0300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -2.9120
    Cell Significance Index: -135.7700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -2.9397
    Cell Significance Index: -152.7100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -3.0570
    Cell Significance Index: -78.5800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -3.0772
    Cell Significance Index: -65.3100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -3.1491
    Cell Significance Index: -109.4300
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -3.1694
    Cell Significance Index: -79.0600
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -3.2409
    Cell Significance Index: -118.9700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -3.2904
    Cell Significance Index: -115.6200
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -3.4859
    Cell Significance Index: -68.6100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -3.5484
    Cell Significance Index: -112.2300
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -3.5689
    Cell Significance Index: -42.6800
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -3.5756
    Cell Significance Index: -86.6100
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -3.6718
    Cell Significance Index: -73.2200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -3.7287
    Cell Significance Index: -52.1400
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -3.7450
    Cell Significance Index: -80.0500
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -3.7613
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -3.7675
    Cell Significance Index: -110.9700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -3.8339
    Cell Significance Index: -109.9000
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -3.9123
    Cell Significance Index: -51.0600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -3.9772
    Cell Significance Index: -114.5900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -4.0966
    Cell Significance Index: -107.7200
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -4.1268
    Cell Significance Index: -55.0100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -4.1563
    Cell Significance Index: -110.9800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -4.2411
    Cell Significance Index: -73.3300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -4.2611
    Cell Significance Index: -86.7100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -4.3609
    Cell Significance Index: -91.2800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -4.4457
    Cell Significance Index: -118.9200
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -4.4590
    Cell Significance Index: -111.3700
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -4.5398
    Cell Significance Index: -115.6700
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -4.5851
    Cell Significance Index: -114.3400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -4.6320
    Cell Significance Index: -124.1200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -4.6917
    Cell Significance Index: -117.2800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -4.7265
    Cell Significance Index: -54.1000
  • Cell Name: flat midget bipolar cell (CL4033033)
    Fold Change: -4.8673
    Cell Significance Index: -60.5000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** The GRID2 gene is a member of the glutamate receptor family, which is composed of four subtypes (delta, alpha, beta, and gamma). The delta subunit is unique in that it forms heteromeric receptors with alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, resulting in distinct pharmacological and biophysical properties. GRID2 is a transmembrane protein that spans the plasma membrane and forms a pore in the lipid bilayer, allowing the passage of glutamate ions into the postsynaptic neuron. The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in areas involved in learning and memory, such as the cerebellum. **Pathways and Functions:** GRID2 is involved in several key signaling pathways that regulate neuronal function and synaptic plasticity: 1. **Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) signaling**: GRID2 forms heteromeric receptors with alpha and beta subunits, which are responsible for the generation of EPSPs, a type of synaptic potential that enhances neuronal excitability. 2. **Synaptic transmission**: GRID2 regulates the release of glutamate from the presynaptic neuron and the binding of glutamate to the postsynaptic receptor, resulting in the influx of cations and depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron. 3. **Synaptic plasticity**: GRID2 is involved in the regulation of long-term synaptic depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP), two forms of synaptic plasticity that underlie learning and memory. 4. **Neuronal development**: GRID2 is expressed during the development of the nervous system and is involved in the regulation of neuronal migration, differentiation, and axon guidance. **Clinical Significance:** GRID2 mutations have been associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders, including: 1. **Autism spectrum disorder**: GRID2 mutations have been identified in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting a role for the gene in the development and function of neural circuits involved in social behavior and communication. 2. **Schizophrenia**: GRID2 mutations have been linked to schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by disruptions in cognitive and emotional processing. 3. **Neurodevelopmental disorders**: GRID2 mutations have also been identified in individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, the GRID2 gene plays a critical role in regulating neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which GRID2 mutations contribute to disease and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 4056038664

Symbol: GRID2_HUMAN

Name: Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O43424 E9PH24 Q4KKU8 Q4KKU9 Q4KKV0 Q59FZ1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 19 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 27 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9465309

Title: The human glutamate receptor delta 2 gene (GRID2) maps to chromosome 4q22.

PubMed ID: 9465309

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5108

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 27418511

Title: Structural basis for integration of GluD receptors within synaptic organizer complexes.

PubMed ID: 27418511

DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0104

PubMed ID: 23611888

Title: A homozygous deletion in GRID2 causes a human phenotype with cerebellar ataxia and atrophy.

PubMed ID: 23611888

DOI: 10.1177/0883073813484967

PubMed ID: 24078737

Title: Deletions in GRID2 lead to a recessive syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and tonic upgaze in humans.

PubMed ID: 24078737

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a841a3

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 25841024

Title: GRID2 mutations span from congenital to mild adult-onset cerebellar ataxia.

PubMed ID: 25841024

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001524

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1007
  • Mass: 113356
  • Checksum: 8EF938AB7F1D6D26
  • Sequence:
    • MEVFPFLLVL SVWWSRTWDS ANADSIIHIG AIFDESAKKD DEVFRTAVGD LNQNEEILQT 
EKITFSVTFV DGNNPFQAVQ EACELMNQGI LALVSSIGCT SAGSLQSLAD AMHIPHLFIQ 
RSTAGTPRSG CGLTRSNRND DYTLSVRPPV YLHDVILRVV TEYAWQKFII FYDSEYDIRG 
IQEFLDKVSQ QGMDVALQKV ENNINKMITT LFDTMRIEEL NRYRDTLRRA ILVMNPATAK 
SFITEVVETN LVAFDCHWII INEEINDVDV QELVRRSIGR LTIIRQTFPV PQNISQRCFR 
GNHRISSTLC DPKDPFAQNM EISNLYIYDT VLLLANAFHK KLEDRKWHSM ASLSCIRKNS 
KPWQGGRSML ETIKKGGVSG LTGELEFGEN GGNPNVHFEI LGTNYGEELG RGVRKLGCWN 
PVTGLNGSLT DKKLENNMRG VVLRVVTVLE EPFVMVSENV LGKPKKYQGF SIDVLDALSN 
YLGFNYEIYV APDHKYGSPQ EDGTWNGLVG ELVFKRADIG ISALTITPDR ENVVDFTTRY 
MDYSVGVLLR RAEKTVDMFA CLAPFDLSLW ACIAGTVLLV GLLVYLLNWL NPPRLQMGSM 
TSTTLYNSMW FVYGSFVQQG GEVPYTTLAT RMMMGAWWLF ALIVISSYTA NLAAFLTITR 
IESSIQSLQD LSKQTEIPYG TVLDSAVYEH VRMKGLNPFE RDSMYSQMWR MINRSNGSEN 
NVLESQAGIQ KVKYGNYAFV WDAAVLEYVA INDPDCSFYT IGNTVADRGY GIALQHGSPY 
RDVFSQRILE LQQNGDMDIL KHKWWPKNGQ CDLYSSVDTK QKGGALDIKS FAGVFCILAA 
GIVLSCFIAM LETWWNKRKG SRVPSKEDDK EIDLEHLHRR VNSLCTDDDS PHKQFSTSSI 
DLTPLDIDTL PTRQALEQIS DFRNTHITTT TFIPEQIQTL SRTLSAKAAS GFTFGNVPEH 
RTGPFRHRAP NGGFFRSPIK TMSSIPYQPT PTLGLNLGND PDRGTSI

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.