Details for: GRID2

Gene ID: 2895

Symbol: GRID2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152208

Description: glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: stellate neuron (CL0000122)
    Fold Change: 8.88
    Marker Score: 47,724
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 8.4
    Marker Score: 283,671
  • Cell Name: granule cell (CL0000120)
    Fold Change: 8.24
    Marker Score: 62,140
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000123)
    Fold Change: 7.24
    Marker Score: 37,958
  • Cell Name: neuronal brush cell (CL0000555)
    Fold Change: 6.82
    Marker Score: 22,861
  • Cell Name: macroglial cell (CL0000126)
    Fold Change: 5.36
    Marker Score: 12,328
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 4.84
    Marker Score: 2,169
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 4.72
    Marker Score: 3,557
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 3.89
    Marker Score: 16,262
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell precursor (CL0002362)
    Fold Change: 3.86
    Marker Score: 2,164
  • Cell Name: sympathetic neuron (CL0011103)
    Fold Change: 3.58
    Marker Score: 1,184
  • Cell Name: mature microglial cell (CL0002629)
    Fold Change: 3.38
    Marker Score: 1,223
  • Cell Name: CNS interneuron (CL0000402)
    Fold Change: 3.23
    Marker Score: 1,554
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 3.09
    Marker Score: 3,737
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 3
    Marker Score: 1,566
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 2.94
    Marker Score: 7,040
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 2.88
    Marker Score: 57,213
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 2.68
    Marker Score: 10,930
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Marker Score: 97,443
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 10,622
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Marker Score: 11,622
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Marker Score: 3,009
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Marker Score: 18,469
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 2.36
    Marker Score: 747
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 9,043
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 2.3
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 34,174
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Marker Score: 1,129
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Marker Score: 1,504
  • Cell Name: brainstem motor neuron (CL2000047)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 1,226
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 20,223
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 120,239
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.89
    Marker Score: 17,940
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 2,269
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 16,120
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Marker Score: 3,702
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 1,533
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 1,049
  • Cell Name: ganglion interneuron (CL0000397)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 506
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 2,043
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 2,745
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 1,166
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 2,465
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 1,688
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Marker Score: 165,871
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 3,964
  • Cell Name: bipolar neuron (CL0000103)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 465
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 868
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 3,205
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 12,712
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 48,975
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 533
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 1,784
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 853
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 19,374
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 1,162
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 496
  • Cell Name: glial cell (CL0000125)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 1,310
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 488
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 4,789
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 781
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 2,479
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 504
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 376
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 1,445
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 949
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 676
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 4,271
  • Cell Name: glycinergic amacrine cell (CL4030028)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 961
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,755
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47,984
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 1,241
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 1,884
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 510
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,404
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 20,797
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,412
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,141
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 376
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1,617
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 559
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5,290
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 706
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,740
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 328
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 236
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,284
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,233
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 1,509
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: meningeal macrophage (CL0000879)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 219
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1,259
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 704
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 399
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 742
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 2,582
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 464

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** The GRID2 gene is a member of the glutamate receptor family, which is composed of four subtypes (delta, alpha, beta, and gamma). The delta subunit is unique in that it forms heteromeric receptors with alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, resulting in distinct pharmacological and biophysical properties. GRID2 is a transmembrane protein that spans the plasma membrane and forms a pore in the lipid bilayer, allowing the passage of glutamate ions into the postsynaptic neuron. The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in areas involved in learning and memory, such as the cerebellum. **Pathways and Functions:** GRID2 is involved in several key signaling pathways that regulate neuronal function and synaptic plasticity: 1. **Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) signaling**: GRID2 forms heteromeric receptors with alpha and beta subunits, which are responsible for the generation of EPSPs, a type of synaptic potential that enhances neuronal excitability. 2. **Synaptic transmission**: GRID2 regulates the release of glutamate from the presynaptic neuron and the binding of glutamate to the postsynaptic receptor, resulting in the influx of cations and depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron. 3. **Synaptic plasticity**: GRID2 is involved in the regulation of long-term synaptic depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP), two forms of synaptic plasticity that underlie learning and memory. 4. **Neuronal development**: GRID2 is expressed during the development of the nervous system and is involved in the regulation of neuronal migration, differentiation, and axon guidance. **Clinical Significance:** GRID2 mutations have been associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders, including: 1. **Autism spectrum disorder**: GRID2 mutations have been identified in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting a role for the gene in the development and function of neural circuits involved in social behavior and communication. 2. **Schizophrenia**: GRID2 mutations have been linked to schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by disruptions in cognitive and emotional processing. 3. **Neurodevelopmental disorders**: GRID2 mutations have also been identified in individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, the GRID2 gene plays a critical role in regulating neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which GRID2 mutations contribute to disease and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 4056038664

Symbol: GRID2_HUMAN

Name: Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O43424 E9PH24 Q4KKU8 Q4KKU9 Q4KKV0 Q59FZ1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 19 EPD 1 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 28 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 2 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9465309

Title: The human glutamate receptor delta 2 gene (GRID2) maps to chromosome 4q22.

PubMed ID: 9465309

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5108

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 27418511

Title: Structural basis for integration of GluD receptors within synaptic organizer complexes.

PubMed ID: 27418511

DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0104

PubMed ID: 23611888

Title: A homozygous deletion in GRID2 causes a human phenotype with cerebellar ataxia and atrophy.

PubMed ID: 23611888

DOI: 10.1177/0883073813484967

PubMed ID: 24078737

Title: Deletions in GRID2 lead to a recessive syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and tonic upgaze in humans.

PubMed ID: 24078737

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a841a3

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 25841024

Title: GRID2 mutations span from congenital to mild adult-onset cerebellar ataxia.

PubMed ID: 25841024

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001524

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1007
  • Mass: 113356
  • Checksum: 8EF938AB7F1D6D26
  • Sequence:
    • MEVFPFLLVL SVWWSRTWDS ANADSIIHIG AIFDESAKKD DEVFRTAVGD LNQNEEILQT 
EKITFSVTFV DGNNPFQAVQ EACELMNQGI LALVSSIGCT SAGSLQSLAD AMHIPHLFIQ 
RSTAGTPRSG CGLTRSNRND DYTLSVRPPV YLHDVILRVV TEYAWQKFII FYDSEYDIRG 
IQEFLDKVSQ QGMDVALQKV ENNINKMITT LFDTMRIEEL NRYRDTLRRA ILVMNPATAK 
SFITEVVETN LVAFDCHWII INEEINDVDV QELVRRSIGR LTIIRQTFPV PQNISQRCFR 
GNHRISSTLC DPKDPFAQNM EISNLYIYDT VLLLANAFHK KLEDRKWHSM ASLSCIRKNS 
KPWQGGRSML ETIKKGGVSG LTGELEFGEN GGNPNVHFEI LGTNYGEELG RGVRKLGCWN 
PVTGLNGSLT DKKLENNMRG VVLRVVTVLE EPFVMVSENV LGKPKKYQGF SIDVLDALSN 
YLGFNYEIYV APDHKYGSPQ EDGTWNGLVG ELVFKRADIG ISALTITPDR ENVVDFTTRY 
MDYSVGVLLR RAEKTVDMFA CLAPFDLSLW ACIAGTVLLV GLLVYLLNWL NPPRLQMGSM 
TSTTLYNSMW FVYGSFVQQG GEVPYTTLAT RMMMGAWWLF ALIVISSYTA NLAAFLTITR 
IESSIQSLQD LSKQTEIPYG TVLDSAVYEH VRMKGLNPFE RDSMYSQMWR MINRSNGSEN 
NVLESQAGIQ KVKYGNYAFV WDAAVLEYVA INDPDCSFYT IGNTVADRGY GIALQHGSPY 
RDVFSQRILE LQQNGDMDIL KHKWWPKNGQ CDLYSSVDTK QKGGALDIKS FAGVFCILAA 
GIVLSCFIAM LETWWNKRKG SRVPSKEDDK EIDLEHLHRR VNSLCTDDDS PHKQFSTSSI 
DLTPLDIDTL PTRQALEQIS DFRNTHITTT TFIPEQIQTL SRTLSAKAAS GFTFGNVPEH 
RTGPFRHRAP NGGFFRSPIK TMSSIPYQPT PTLGLNLGND PDRGTSI

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.