Details for: TOX3

Gene ID: 27324

Symbol: TOX3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000103460

Description: TOX high mobility group box family member 3

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 74.1756
    Cell Significance Index: -35.0200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 35.1665
    Cell Significance Index: -33.5800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 3.5058
    Cell Significance Index: 196.7300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 3.4772
    Cell Significance Index: 157.6100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 2.5028
    Cell Significance Index: 496.6900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.3058
    Cell Significance Index: 34.5500
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 2.2089
    Cell Significance Index: 52.9800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 1.6902
    Cell Significance Index: 103.8900
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.6752
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.5848
    Cell Significance Index: 568.4400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.4379
    Cell Significance Index: 86.3300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.3810
    Cell Significance Index: 29.9200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.3085
    Cell Significance Index: 67.9800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.2936
    Cell Significance Index: 140.7100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.1664
    Cell Significance Index: 33.6100
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 1.1564
    Cell Significance Index: 25.3200
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland (CL4033005)
    Fold Change: 0.4916
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.4796
    Cell Significance Index: 331.6900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4751
    Cell Significance Index: 259.4700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.4575
    Cell Significance Index: 34.1000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.4406
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3824
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3779
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3731
    Cell Significance Index: 67.2500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.3627
    Cell Significance Index: 18.8900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3624
    Cell Significance Index: 25.0600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3503
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3091
    Cell Significance Index: 58.8300
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 0.2239
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1526
    Cell Significance Index: 137.7800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1457
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: -25.5200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -31.7000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -41.3500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: -41.7700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -28.6200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0424
    Cell Significance Index: -32.0900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -34.3600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: -36.4500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0962
    Cell Significance Index: -27.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1029
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1198
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3600
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1396
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1424
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1432
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1598
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1611
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3900
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.1742
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1743
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.1820
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.2144
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2187
    Cell Significance Index: -28.2600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2284
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2328
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.2406
    Cell Significance Index: -34.9700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.2415
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1700
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -0.2847
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.3133
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3157
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3403
    Cell Significance Index: -35.4300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.3516
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2600
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.3534
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.3928
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9200
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3971
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5800
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.4339
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.4435
    Cell Significance Index: -27.9500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4437
    Cell Significance Index: -27.2100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.4484
    Cell Significance Index: -35.5100
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.4778
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.4829
    Cell Significance Index: -37.0600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.5341
    Cell Significance Index: -28.0400
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.5685
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: -0.5928
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.5996
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.6130
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.6150
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5500
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.6622
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.7689
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.7761
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.8013
    Cell Significance Index: -35.4500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.8139
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7100
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.8163
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.8169
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5400
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.8377
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4000
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.8453
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9700
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.8562
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.8644
    Cell Significance Index: -28.3000
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.8726
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.8874
    Cell Significance Index: -32.5800
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.9391
    Cell Significance Index: -35.5600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.9533
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** TOX3 is a non-coding gene, meaning it does not encode a protein but instead regulates gene expression through its binding to DNA. This gene belongs to the HMGB family, which is characterized by its high mobility group domain, a region responsible for DNA binding and chromatin remodeling. TOX3 is specifically implicated in the regulation of transcription, particularly through its interaction with RNA polymerase II, a crucial enzyme in the transcriptional process. One of the most striking aspects of TOX3 is its ability to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a vital process that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells. TOX3 has been shown to negatively regulate the apoptotic process in neurons, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** TOX3 is involved in several critical pathways, including: 1. **Apoptotic Process:** As mentioned earlier, TOX3 negatively regulates the apoptotic pathway in neurons, thereby preventing excessive cell death. 2. **Chromatin Binding:** TOX3 binds to chromatin, a complex of DNA and histone proteins, to regulate gene expression. 3. **Chromatin DNA Binding:** This interaction allows TOX3 to modulate the transcriptional activity of target genes. 4. **Negative Regulation of Neuron Apoptotic Process:** TOX3's anti-apoptotic activity in neurons is essential for maintaining neural homeostasis. 5. **Positive Regulation of Transcription by RNA Polymerase II:** TOX3 interacts with RNA polymerase II to enhance transcriptional activity. 6. **Protein Binding:** TOX3 interacts with various proteins, including phosphoproteins, to regulate its activity. 7. **Protein Homodimerization Activity:** TOX3 can form homodimers, which are crucial for its function. **Clinical Significance:** The clinical implications of TOX3 dysregulation are far-reaching. Mutations or alterations in TOX3 expression have been linked to various diseases, including: 1. **Neurodegenerative Disorders:** TOX3's role in regulating neuronal apoptosis makes it a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 2. **Cancer:** TOX3's involvement in regulating transcription and apoptosis suggests its potential role in cancer development and progression. 3. **Renal Disease:** TOX3's expression in renal cells makes it a candidate for studying renal disease, including chronic kidney disease. In conclusion, TOX3 is a complex gene with far-reaching implications in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. Its dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into its mechanisms and therapeutic potential. As an expert immunologist, I emphasize the importance of continued investigation into the intricacies of TOX3, with the goal of unlocking its full therapeutic potential.

Genular Protein ID: 3561824071

Symbol: TOX3_HUMAN

Name: TOX high mobility group box family member 3

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15405 B4DRD0 B5MCW4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 9225980

Title: cDNAs with long CAG trinucleotide repeats from human brain.

PubMed ID: 9225980

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050476

PubMed ID: 21172805

Title: TOX3 is a neuronal survival factor that induces transcription depending on the presence of CITED1 or phosphorylated CREB in the transcriptionally active complex.

PubMed ID: 21172805

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.068759

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 576
  • Mass: 63342
  • Checksum: 0CE15100A96E1478
  • Sequence:
    • MDVRFYPAAA GDPASLDFAQ CLGYYGYSKF GNNNNYMNMA EANNAFFAAS EQTFHTPSLG 
DEEFEIPPIT PPPESDPALG MPDVLLPFQA LSDPLPSQGS EFTPQFPPQS LDLPSITISR 
NLVEQDGVLH SSGLHMDQSH TQVSQYRQDP SLIMRSIVHM TDAARSGVMP PAQLTTINQS 
QLSAQLGLNL GGASMPHTSP SPPASKSATP SPSSSINEED ADEANRAIGE KRAAPDSGKK 
PKTPKKKKKK DPNEPQKPVS AYALFFRDTQ AAIKGQNPNA TFGEVSKIVA SMWDSLGEEQ 
KQVYKRKTEA AKKEYLKALA AYRASLVSKA AAESAEAQTI RSVQQTLAST NLTSSLLLNT 
PLSQHGTVSA SPQTLQQSLP RSIAPKPLTM RLPMNQIVTS VTIAANMPSN IGAPLISSMG 
TTMVGSAPST QVSPSVQTQQ HQMQLQQQQQ QQQQQMQQMQ QQQLQQHQMH QQIQQQMQQQ 
HFQHHMQQHL QQQQQHLQQQ INQQQLQQQL QQRLQLQQLQ HMQHQSQPSP RQHSPVASQI 
TSPIPAIGSP QPASQQHQSQ IQSQTQTQVL SQVSIF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.