Details for: CL0000129

Cell ID: CL0000129

Cell Name: microglial cell

Marker Score Threshold: 1821
(Derived using integrated single-cell and genomic data)

Description: A transcriptomically distinct central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive.

Synonyms: brain macrophage, brain-resident macrophage, hortega cells, microgliocyte, MF.microglia.CNS, microglia

Genes (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Gene Symbol: AGXT (ENSG00000172482)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172482
  • Gene Symbol: AFM (ENSG00000079557)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000079557
  • Gene Symbol: ADH7 (ENSG00000196344)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196344
  • Gene Symbol: AGTR2 (ENSG00000180772)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000180772
  • Gene Symbol: ALPI (ENSG00000163295)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163295
  • Gene Symbol: AQP2 (ENSG00000167580)
    Fold Change: 3.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167580
  • Gene Symbol: ADH1C (ENSG00000248144)
    Fold Change: 3.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000248144
  • Gene Symbol: AMY1C (ENSG00000187733)
    Fold Change: 3.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187733
  • Gene Symbol: APOC3 (ENSG00000110245)
    Fold Change: 3.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110245
  • Gene Symbol: ATOH1 (ENSG00000172238)
    Fold Change: 3.75
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172238
  • Gene Symbol: AVPR1B (ENSG00000198049)
    Fold Change: 3.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198049
  • Gene Symbol: APOA4 (ENSG00000110244)
    Fold Change: 3.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110244
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC2 (ENSG00000135390)
    Fold Change: 3.36
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135390
  • Gene Symbol: ACTB (ENSG00000075624)
    Fold Change: 3.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000075624
  • Gene Symbol: B2M (ENSG00000166710)
    Fold Change: 3.34
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166710
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A6 (ENSG00000169100)
    Fold Change: 3.32
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169100
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1E (ENSG00000124172)
    Fold Change: 3.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124172
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L2 (ENSG00000152518)
    Fold Change: 2.71
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152518
  • Gene Symbol: RHOA (ENSG00000067560)
    Fold Change: 2.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000067560
  • Gene Symbol: ZFP36L1 (ENSG00000185650)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185650
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5ME (ENSG00000169020)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169020
  • Gene Symbol: A2M (ENSG00000175899)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000175899
  • Gene Symbol: NKX3 2 (ENSG00000109705)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109705
  • Gene Symbol: BTG1 (ENSG00000133639)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000133639
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1A (ENSG00000152234)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152234
  • Gene Symbol: BTF3 (ENSG00000145741)
    Fold Change: 2.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145741
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1D (ENSG00000099624)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099624
  • Gene Symbol: ATM (ENSG00000149311)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149311
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1B (ENSG00000110955)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110955
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0B (ENSG00000117410)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117410
  • Gene Symbol: BIN1 (ENSG00000136717)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136717
  • Gene Symbol: APLP2 (ENSG00000084234)
    Fold Change: 2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084234
  • Gene Symbol: ARF1 (ENSG00000143761)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143761
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B3 (ENSG00000069849)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000069849
  • Gene Symbol: ASAH1 (ENSG00000104763)
    Fold Change: 1.95
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104763
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PF (ENSG00000154723)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154723
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5F1C (ENSG00000165629)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165629
  • Gene Symbol: AOAH (ENSG00000136250)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136250
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA5 (ENSG00000164111)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164111
  • Gene Symbol: APOE (ENSG00000130203)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130203
  • Gene Symbol: ZFHX3 (ENSG00000140836)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140836
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIB (ENSG00000111348)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111348
  • Gene Symbol: ACTG1 (ENSG00000184009)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184009
  • Gene Symbol: TSPO (ENSG00000100300)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100300
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PO (ENSG00000241837)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000241837
  • Gene Symbol: BSG (ENSG00000172270)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172270
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5PB (ENSG00000116459)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000116459
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC3 (ENSG00000154518)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000154518
  • Gene Symbol: AP1B1 (ENSG00000100280)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100280
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP3L (ENSG00000104765)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104765
  • Gene Symbol: BST2 (ENSG00000130303)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130303
  • Gene Symbol: DST (ENSG00000151914)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151914
  • Gene Symbol: ADAM10 (ENSG00000137845)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137845
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1A1 (ENSG00000163399)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163399
  • Gene Symbol: AUP1 (ENSG00000115307)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115307
  • Gene Symbol: ARHGDIA (ENSG00000141522)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141522
  • Gene Symbol: AXL (ENSG00000167601)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167601
  • Gene Symbol: BAX (ENSG00000087088)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087088
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA11 (ENSG00000122359)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122359
  • Gene Symbol: ADAR (ENSG00000160710)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160710
  • Gene Symbol: RERE (ENSG00000142599)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142599
  • Gene Symbol: ARF4 (ENSG00000168374)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168374
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1B2 (ENSG00000147416)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000147416
  • Gene Symbol: ATF4 (ENSG00000128272)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128272
  • Gene Symbol: BACH1 (ENSG00000156273)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156273
  • Gene Symbol: SLC25A5 (ENSG00000005022)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005022
  • Gene Symbol: ABR (ENSG00000159842)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159842
  • Gene Symbol: AMD1 (ENSG00000123505)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000123505
  • Gene Symbol: RHOG (ENSG00000177105)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177105
  • Gene Symbol: ASIC2 (ENSG00000108684)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000108684
  • Gene Symbol: ATOX1 (ENSG00000177556)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177556
  • Gene Symbol: ALDH2 (ENSG00000111275)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111275
  • Gene Symbol: ATP5MC1 (ENSG00000159199)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159199
  • Gene Symbol: ACADVL (ENSG00000072778)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000072778
  • Gene Symbol: ATP2B1 (ENSG00000070961)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000070961
  • Gene Symbol: APP (ENSG00000142192)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142192
  • Gene Symbol: APOC2 (ENSG00000234906)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000234906
  • Gene Symbol: ATRX (ENSG00000085224)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085224
  • Gene Symbol: APEX1 (ENSG00000100823)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100823
  • Gene Symbol: AKR1B1 (ENSG00000085662)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000085662
  • Gene Symbol: ADK (ENSG00000156110)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000156110
  • Gene Symbol: PARP1 (ENSG00000143799)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143799
  • Gene Symbol: ANXA7 (ENSG00000138279)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000138279
  • Gene Symbol: BNIP2 (ENSG00000140299)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140299
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V1E1 (ENSG00000131100)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131100
  • Gene Symbol: ALDOA (ENSG00000149925)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149925
  • Gene Symbol: ALOX5AP (ENSG00000132965)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132965
  • Gene Symbol: ARL2 (ENSG00000213465)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213465
  • Gene Symbol: AK2 (ENSG00000004455)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000004455
  • Gene Symbol: ACP1 (ENSG00000143727)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143727
  • Gene Symbol: ARRB2 (ENSG00000141480)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141480
  • Gene Symbol: GRK3 (ENSG00000100077)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000100077
  • Gene Symbol: TLE5 (ENSG00000104964)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104964
  • Gene Symbol: ATP6V0A1 (ENSG00000033627)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000033627
  • Gene Symbol: BMPR2 (ENSG00000204217)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000204217
  • Gene Symbol: CCND1 (ENSG00000110092)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000110092
  • Gene Symbol: ATP1B1 (ENSG00000143153)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143153
  • Gene Symbol: ACAA1 (ENSG00000060971)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000060971
  • Gene Symbol: ADD1 (ENSG00000087274)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000087274
  • Gene Symbol: GRK2 (ENSG00000173020)
    Fold Change: 1
    Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173020
Hovered Details

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Hovered Details

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**Key Characteristics** 1. **Marker Expression**: Microglial cells are identified by their expression of CD11b, F4/80, and CD68 markers. 2. **Location**: They are found in the parenchyma of the CNS, including the brain and spinal cord. 3. **Function**: Microglial cells participate in the innate immune response, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and the production of cytokines and chemokines. 4. **Cellular Processes**: They are involved in various cellular processes, including the regulation of inflammation, the clearance of pathogens and debris, and the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. 5. **Transcriptomic Distinctness**: Microglial cells have a distinct transcriptomic profile, which is different from other macrophages and immune cells. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Neuroinflammation**: Microglial cells play a key role in neuroinflammation, which is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the CNS. Dysregulation of microglial function has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: Microglial cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). 3. **Stroke and Trauma**: Microglial cells are activated in response to stroke and trauma, and their activation has been linked to the development of secondary brain injury. 4. **Neurodevelopmental Disorders**: Microglial cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. **Pathways and Ontology** Microglial cells are involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. **Notch Signaling Pathway**: Microglial cells express Notch receptors and are involved in Notch signaling, which regulates cell fate decisions and differentiation. 2. **Angiotensin II Signaling Pathway**: Microglial cells express angiotensin II receptors and are involved in angiotensin II signaling, which regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function. 3. **Glyoxylate Metabolic Pathway**: Microglial cells are involved in glyoxylate metabolism, which is essential for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. Overall, microglial cells play a critical role in maintaining CNS homeostasis and regulating the immune response in the CNS. Dysregulation of microglial function has been implicated in various neurological disorders, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying microglial function and dysfunction.