IL6 | ENSG00000136244 | NCBI 3569

Details for: IL6

Gene ID: 3569

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: IL6

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000136244

Description: interleukin 6

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Adora2b mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production
(R-HSA-9660821)
Anti-inflammatory response favouring leishmania parasite infection
(R-HSA-9662851)
Cd163 mediating an anti-inflammatory response
(R-HSA-9662834)
Cellular responses to stimuli
(R-HSA-8953897)
Cellular responses to stress
(R-HSA-2262752)
Cellular senescence
(R-HSA-2559583)
Cytokine signaling in immune system
(R-HSA-1280215)
Disease
(R-HSA-1643685)
Gene expression (transcription)
(R-HSA-74160)
Generic transcription pathway
(R-HSA-212436)
Immune system
(R-HSA-168256)
Infectious disease
(R-HSA-5663205)
Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling
(R-HSA-6785807)
Interleukin-6 family signaling
(R-HSA-6783589)
Interleukin-6 signaling
(R-HSA-1059683)
Interleukin-10 signaling
(R-HSA-6783783)
Leishmania infection
(R-HSA-9658195)
Leishmania parasite growth and survival
(R-HSA-9664433)
Mapk1 (erk2) activation
(R-HSA-112411)
Mapk1/mapk3 signaling
(R-HSA-5684996)
Mapk3 (erk1) activation
(R-HSA-110056)
Mapk family signaling cascades
(R-HSA-5683057)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Parasitic infection pathways
(R-HSA-9824443)
Post-translational protein modification
(R-HSA-597592)
Post-translational protein phosphorylation
(R-HSA-8957275)
Raf-independent mapk1/3 activation
(R-HSA-112409)
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (igf) transport and uptake by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (igfbps)
(R-HSA-381426)
Rna polymerase ii transcription
(R-HSA-73857)
Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (sasp)
(R-HSA-2559582)
Signaling by interleukins
(R-HSA-449147)
Signal transduction
(R-HSA-162582)
Transcriptional regulation by ventx
(R-HSA-8853884)
Acute-phase response
(GO:0006953)
Cell surface receptor signaling pathway via jak-stat
(GO:0007259)
Cell surface receptor signaling pathway via stat
(GO:0097696)
Cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
(GO:0070301)
Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
(GO:0071222)
Cellular response to virus
(GO:0098586)
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
(GO:0019221)
Cytokine activity
(GO:0005125)
Defense response to gram-negative bacterium
(GO:0050829)
Defense response to gram-positive bacterium
(GO:0050830)
Defense response to virus
(GO:0051607)
Endocrine pancreas development
(GO:0031018)
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
(GO:0005788)
Extracellular region
(GO:0005576)
Extracellular space
(GO:0005615)
Germinal center b cell differentiation
(GO:0002314)
Glucagon secretion
(GO:0070091)
Glucose homeostasis
(GO:0042593)
Growth factor activity
(GO:0008083)
Hepatic immune response
(GO:0002384)
Hepatocyte proliferation
(GO:0072574)
Humoral immune response
(GO:0006959)
Identical protein binding
(GO:0042802)
Inflammatory response
(GO:0006954)
Inflammatory response to wounding
(GO:0090594)
Interleukin-6 receptor binding
(GO:0005138)
Interleukin-6 receptor complex
(GO:0005896)
Interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
(GO:0070102)
Liver regeneration
(GO:0097421)
Maintenance of blood-brain barrier
(GO:0035633)
Monocyte chemotaxis
(GO:0002548)
Negative regulation of apoptotic process
(GO:0043066)
Negative regulation of bone resorption
(GO:0045779)
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation
(GO:0008285)
Negative regulation of chemokine production
(GO:0032682)
Negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
(GO:0032966)
Negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
(GO:0045599)
Negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
(GO:2000660)
Negative regulation of lipid storage
(GO:0010888)
Negative regulation of neurogenesis
(GO:0050768)
Negative regulation of primary mirna processing
(GO:2000635)
Neuron cellular homeostasis
(GO:0070050)
Neuron projection development
(GO:0031175)
Neutrophil apoptotic process
(GO:0001781)
Neutrophil mediated immunity
(GO:0002446)
Platelet activation
(GO:0030168)
Positive regulation of acute inflammatory response
(GO:0002675)
Positive regulation of apoptotic dna fragmentation
(GO:1902512)
Positive regulation of apoptotic process
(GO:0043065)
Positive regulation of b cell activation
(GO:0050871)
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation
(GO:0008284)
Positive regulation of chemokine production
(GO:0032722)
Positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
(GO:1900017)
Positive regulation of dna-binding transcription factor activity
(GO:0051091)
Positive regulation of dna-templated transcription
(GO:0045893)
Positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
(GO:0010718)
Positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
(GO:0090091)
Positive regulation of gene expression
(GO:0010628)
Positive regulation of glial cell proliferation
(GO:0060252)
Positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
(GO:0002639)
Positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
(GO:0032731)
Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
(GO:0032755)
Positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
(GO:0032757)
Positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
(GO:0032733)
Positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
(GO:0032740)
Positive regulation of interleukin-21 production
(GO:0032745)
Positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell
(GO:1904996)
Positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
(GO:0002690)
Positive regulation of mapk cascade
(GO:0043410)
Positive regulation of mirna transcription
(GO:1902895)
Positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response
(GO:0150078)
Positive regulation of nf-kappab transcription factor activity
(GO:0051092)
Positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
(GO:0045669)
Positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
(GO:0033138)
Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
(GO:0050731)
Positive regulation of platelet aggregation
(GO:1901731)
Positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via jak-stat
(GO:0046427)
Positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via stat
(GO:1904894)
Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
(GO:0048661)
Positive regulation of t-helper 2 cell cytokine production
(GO:2000553)
Positive regulation of t cell proliferation
(GO:0042102)
Positive regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
(GO:0045944)
Positive regulation of translation
(GO:0045727)
Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
(GO:0032760)
Positive regulation of type b pancreatic cell apoptotic process
(GO:2000676)
Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
(GO:0010575)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Regulation of angiogenesis
(GO:0045765)
Regulation of astrocyte activation
(GO:0061888)
Regulation of glucagon secretion
(GO:0070092)
Regulation of insulin secretion
(GO:0050796)
Regulation of microglial cell activation
(GO:1903978)
Regulation of neuroinflammatory response
(GO:0150077)
Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
(GO:0010574)
Response to activity
(GO:0014823)
Response to glucocorticoid
(GO:0051384)
Response to peptidoglycan
(GO:0032494)
T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment
(GO:0072540)
T follicular helper cell differentiation
(GO:0061470)
Vascular endothelial growth factor production
(GO:0010573)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 10.57

rCSI 17.4%

PRS 97.83
endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138

CSI 8.47

rCSI 16.79%

PRS 97.19
pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568

CSI 8.4

rCSI 11.43%

PRS 98.58
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 7.25

rCSI 5.89%

PRS 97.65
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 6.89

rCSI 6.42%

PRS 98.42
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 6.8

rCSI 5.86%

PRS 97.51
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 5.17

rCSI 10.72%

PRS 96.86
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 4.59

rCSI 10.26%

PRS 99.14
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 4.36

rCSI 6.96%

PRS 98.31
endothelial cell of artery CL1000413

CSI 4.3

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 97.54
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 4.17

rCSI 4.57%

PRS 98.37
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 4.16

rCSI 6.57%

PRS 98.22
adventitial cell CL0002503

CSI 3.84

rCSI 9.17%

PRS 98.51
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 3.78

rCSI 5.8%

PRS 90.47
vein endothelial cell CL0002543

CSI 3.77

rCSI 10.3%

PRS 97.63
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 3.71

rCSI 5.13%

PRS 96.2
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 3.6

rCSI 2.79%

PRS 98.61
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI 3.28

rCSI 6.25%

PRS 98.88
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 3.17

rCSI 2.91%

PRS 98.98
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 3.14

rCSI 10.2%

PRS 97.3
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 3.11

rCSI 5.49%

PRS 98.27
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 2.96

rCSI 2.73%

PRS 98.26
microglial cell CL0000129

CSI 2.87

rCSI 11.55%

PRS 95.83
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 2.69

rCSI 3.68%

PRS 98.67
smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487

CSI 2.37

rCSI 13.93%

PRS 98.62
lung pericyte CL0009089

CSI 2.01

rCSI 5.31%

PRS 98.87
chondrocyte CL0000138

CSI 1.93

rCSI 3.06%

PRS 95.6
prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059

CSI 1.73

rCSI 41.44%

PRS 98.15
stratified epithelial cell CL0000079

CSI 1.19

rCSI 7.37%

PRS 97.41
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 1.17

rCSI 8%

PRS 98.5
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 1.13

rCSI 4.75%

PRS 98.53
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 1.03

rCSI 5.96%

PRS 97.77
smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591

CSI 1

rCSI 7.68%

PRS 97.78
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 0.93

rCSI 17.9%

PRS 98.3
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 0.56

rCSI 4.57%

PRS 97.14

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [IL6](/details-gene/3569) (Interleukin 6) is a pleiotropic, secreted cytokine that plays a central role in regulating the immune system, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. Initially identified as B-cell stimulatory factor 2 for its role in inducing immunoglobulin production ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/324073a0)), its functions are now known to be far more extensive. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is a highly significant gene in diverse cell populations, including immune cells like the [alveolar macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000583), as well as structural cells such as [endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel](/details-cell/CL0002138) and various [fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002553) subtypes. This expression pattern underscores its role as a key mediator of communication within the tissue microenvironment, particularly during host defense and tissue injury responses. Its signaling is primarily mediated through the [Interleukin-6 signaling](/details-cell/R-HSA-1059683) pathway, which typically involves the JAK-STAT signal transduction cascade. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [IL6](/details-gene/3569) highlights its critical function at the interface of tissue stroma and the immune system. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in several key cell types that orchestrate local inflammatory and remodeling processes. * **Immune Cells:** The top-ranked cell type is the [alveolar macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000583) (CSI: 10.57), with high significance also observed in [lung macrophage](/details-cell/CL1001603)s (CSI: 4.59). This points to [IL6](/details-gene/3569) as a primary cytokine produced by resident phagocytes in the lung, likely initiating and shaping immune responses to pathogens and environmental insults. * **Endothelial Cells:** A striking pattern of high significance is seen across multiple endothelial populations, including [endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel](/details-cell/CL0002138) (CSI: 8.47), [pulmonary artery endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001568) (CSI: 8.40), and [blood vessel endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000071) (CSI: 5.17). This suggests a pivotal role for [IL6](/details-gene/3569) in vascular biology, potentially regulating vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. * **Fibroblasts and Stromal Cells:** Various fibroblast populations, particularly in the lung ([bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093), CSI: 7.25; [fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL0002553), CSI: 6.89), show high [IL6](/details-gene/3569) significance. This is consistent with fibroblasts acting as major producers of [IL6](/details-gene/3569) during wound healing and in pathological conditions like fibrosis, where they contribute to a pro-inflammatory and tissue-remodeling microenvironment. Collectively, this landscape indicates that [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is not a marker of a specific cell lineage but rather a potent signaling molecule produced by a network of stromal and immune cells to coordinate local and systemic responses to stress, infection, and injury. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [IL6](/details-gene/3569) are extensive, reflecting its pleiotropic nature. Its core molecular function is defined as [Cytokine activity](/details-cell/GO:0005125) and [Interleukin-6 receptor binding](/details-cell/GO:0005138). These activities drive a wide array of biological processes. Consistent with its expression profile, [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is a central component of the [Inflammatory response](/details-cell/GO:0006954), the [Acute-phase response](/details-cell/GO:0006953), and the broader [Cytokine signaling in immune system](/details-cell/R-HSA-1280215) pathway. It is a key initiator of the [Cell surface receptor signaling pathway via jak-stat](/details-cell/GO:0007259), which transduces its signal to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Its involvement in immunity is multifaceted, encompassing both innate and adaptive responses. It is implicated in the [Defense response to virus](/details-cell/GO:0051607), the [Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide](/details-cell/GO:0071222), and the differentiation of B cells ([Germinal center b cell differentiation](/details-cell/GO:0002314)) and T cells ([T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment](/details-cell/GO:0072540)). The gene's high significance in fibroblasts and endothelial cells aligns with its roles in tissue homeostasis and pathology, including [Regulation of angiogenesis](/details-cell/GO:0045765), [Positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition](/details-cell/GO:0010718), and [Liver regeneration](/details-cell/GO:0097421). The association with the [Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (sasp)](/details-cell/R-HSA-2559582) pathway further highlights its role in cellular aging and age-related diseases. ## Research Directions Given the extensive involvement of [IL6](/details-gene/3569) in the [Inflammatory response](/details-cell/GO:0006954) and its high expression in fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells, its dysregulation is a well-established driver of many chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Based on the provided data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Crosstalk between stromal and immune cells mediated by [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is a critical driver of lung pathology. Specifically, [IL6](/details-gene/3569) secreted by activated [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) cells acts in a paracrine manner to sustain a pro-inflammatory phenotype in [alveolar macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000583)s, creating a self-amplifying loop that promotes chronic inflammation and fibrosis. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** Endothelial-derived [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is a key regulator of vascular inflammation and lymphatic function. In response to systemic inflammation, [IL6](/details-gene/3569) produced by [endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel](/details-cell/CL0002138)s alters lymphatic vessel permeability and antigen presentation, thereby modulating the trafficking of immune cells to and from draining lymph nodes. A key experiment to test the first hypothesis could be designed as follows: * **Experimental Approach:** To investigate the role of fibroblast-derived [IL6](/details-gene/3569) in macrophage activation, a co-culture system using primary human [lung fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002553)s and monocyte-derived macrophages would be established. The [IL6](/details-gene/3569) gene in the fibroblasts would be selectively knocked down using CRISPR-Cas9 or siRNA. The co-culture would then be stimulated with a pro-fibrotic agent (e.g., TGF-β). The impact of fibroblast-specific [IL6](/details-gene/3569) depletion on macrophage polarization (assessed by M1/M2 marker expression via flow cytometry and qPCR) and their subsequent cytokine secretion profile (measured by multiplex ELISA) would be determined. This would directly test whether fibroblast-derived [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is necessary for maintaining the pro-inflammatory state of macrophages in a fibrotic context. **Therapeutic Potential:** [IL6](/details-gene/3569) is already a validated and highly successful therapeutic target. Due to its potent pro-inflammatory activities, its pathological overproduction is implicated in diseases ranging from rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis to cytokine release syndrome associated with CAR-T cell therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy is **inhibition**. Monoclonal antibodies that either directly neutralize the [IL6](/details-gene/3569) cytokine (e.g., siltuximab) or block its receptor, IL6R (e.g., tocilizumab, sarilumab), are in clinical use to disrupt downstream [JAK-STAT signaling](/details-cell/GO:0007259) and ameliorate inflammatory symptoms.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Genular Protein ID: 1842001897

Symbol: IL6_HUMAN

Name: B-cell stimulatory factor 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P05231 Q9UCU2 Q9UCU3 Q9UCU4

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3491322

Title: Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin.

PubMed ID: 3491322

DOI: 10.1038/324073a0

PubMed ID: 3500852

Title: Structure and expression of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2/IL-6) gene.

PubMed ID: 3500852

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02598.x

PubMed ID: 3538015

Title: Anti-beta-interferon antibodies inhibit the increased expression of HLA-B7 mRNA in tumor necrosis factor-treated human fibroblasts: structural studies of the beta 2 interferon involved.

PubMed ID: 3538015

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.8957

PubMed ID: 3023045

Title: Structure and expression of cDNA and genes for human interferon-beta-2, a distinct species inducible by growth-stimulatory cytokines.

PubMed ID: 3023045

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04531.x

PubMed ID: 3320204

Title: Molecular cloning and expression of hybridoma growth factor in Escherichia coli.

PubMed ID: 3320204

PubMed ID: 2789513

Title: Deletion of 3' untranslated region of human BSF-2 mRNA causes stabilization of the mRNA and high-level expression in mouse NIH3T3 cells.

PubMed ID: 2789513

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92328-0

PubMed ID: 3758081

Title: Structural analysis of the sequence coding for an inducible 26-kDa protein in human fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 3758081

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09931.x

PubMed ID: 3266463

Title: Interleukin 6: identification as a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor.

PubMed ID: 3266463

PubMed ID: 1291290

Title: Stable and efficient expression of human interleukin-6 cDNA in mammalian cells after gene transfer.

PubMed ID: 1291290

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3279116

Title: Separation and comparison of two monokines with lymphocyte-activating factor activity: IL-1 beta and hybridoma growth factor (HGF). Identification of leukocyte-derived HGF as IL-6.

PubMed ID: 3279116

PubMed ID: 2610854

Title: Interleukin 6 is the principal cytolytic T lymphocyte differentiation factor for thymocytes in human leukocyte conditioned medium.

PubMed ID: 2610854

PubMed ID: 1883960

Title: Marked cell-type-specific differences in glycosylation of human interleukin-6.

PubMed ID: 1883960

DOI: 10.1016/1043-4666(91)90018-9

PubMed ID: 7851440

Title: Structure, stability and biological properties of a N-terminally truncated form of recombinant human interleukin-6 containing a single disulfide bond.

PubMed ID: 7851440

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20427.x

PubMed ID: 2472117

Title: Disulfide structures of human interleukin-6 are similar to those of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor.

PubMed ID: 2472117

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90205-1

PubMed ID: 2037043

Title: Evidence for the importance of a positive charge and an alpha-helical structure of the C-terminus for biological activity of human IL-6.

PubMed ID: 2037043

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80491-k

PubMed ID: 11080265

Title: Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6.

PubMed ID: 11080265

DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00237.x

PubMed ID: 12794819

Title: Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed ID: 12794819

DOI: 10.1002/art.11143

PubMed ID: 15124018

Title: IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin.

PubMed ID: 15124018

DOI: 10.1172/jci20945

PubMed ID: 17075861

Title: Impaired skeletal development in interleukin-6-transgenic mice: a model for the impact of chronic inflammation on the growing skeletal system.

PubMed ID: 17075861

DOI: 10.1002/art.22175

PubMed ID: 20823453

Title: IL-6 selectively stimulates fat metabolism in human skeletal muscle.

PubMed ID: 20823453

DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00328.2010

PubMed ID: 22037645

Title: Interleukin-6 enhances insulin secretion by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from L cells and alpha cells.

PubMed ID: 22037645

DOI: 10.1038/nm.2513

PubMed ID: 26091039

Title: A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 26091039

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028

PubMed ID: 25731159

Title: A gp130-Src-YAP module links inflammation to epithelial regeneration.

PubMed ID: 25731159

DOI: 10.1038/nature14228

PubMed ID: 28265003

Title: SorLA in Interleukin-6 Signaling and Turnover.

PubMed ID: 28265003

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00641-16

PubMed ID: 30995492

Title: Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling in Clinic.

PubMed ID: 30995492

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.026

PubMed ID: 34831181

Title: Coagulation Factor Xa Induces Proinflammatory Responses in Cardiac Fibroblasts via Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor-1.

PubMed ID: 34831181

DOI: 10.3390/cells10112958

PubMed ID: 8555185

Title: Folding topologies of human interleukin-6 and its mutants as studied by NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 8555185

DOI: 10.1021/bi951949e

PubMed ID: 9159484

Title: Solution structure of recombinant human interleukin-6.

PubMed ID: 9159484

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1997.0933

PubMed ID: 9118960

Title: 1.9-A crystal structure of interleukin 6: implications for a novel mode of receptor dimerization and signaling.

PubMed ID: 9118960

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.5.989

PubMed ID: 12829785

Title: Hexameric structure and assembly of the interleukin-6/IL-6 alpha-receptor/gp130 complex.

PubMed ID: 12829785

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083901

PubMed ID: 9769329

Title: The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis.

PubMed ID: 9769329

DOI: 10.1172/jci2629

PubMed ID: 11001912

Title: An IL6 promoter polymorphism is associated with a lifetime risk of development of Kaposi sarcoma in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

PubMed ID: 11001912

PubMed ID: 11355017

Title: A nucleotide variant in the promoter region of the interleukin-6 gene associated with decreased bone mineral density.

PubMed ID: 11355017

DOI: 10.1007/s100380170077

PubMed ID: 12768442

Title: Association of interleukin-6 promoter variant with bone mineral density in pre-menopausal women.

PubMed ID: 12768442

DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0020-8

Sequence Information:

Length: 212
Mass: 23718
Checksum: 1F1ED1FE1B734079
Sequence:

MNSFSTSAFG PVAFSLGLLL VLPAAFPAPV PPGEDSKDVA APHRQPLTSS ERIDKQIRYI 
LDGISALRKE TCNKSNMCES SKEALAENNL NLPKMAEKDG CFQSGFNEET CLVKIITGLL 
EFEVYLEYLQ NRFESSEEQA RAVQMSTKVL IQFLQKKAKN LDAITTPDPT TNASLLTKLQ 
AQNQWLQDMT THLILRSFKE FLQSSLRALR QM

Genular Protein ID: 684579229

Symbol: B4DVM1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DVM1

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

Length: 198
Mass: 21954
Checksum: 549E4F5C85E70BD0
Sequence:

MNSFSTSAFG PVAFSLGLLL VLPAAFPAPV PPGEDSKDVA APHRQPLTSS ERIDKQIRYI 
LDGISALRKE TCNKSNMCES SKEALAENNL NLPKMAEKDG CFQSGFNEET CLVKIITGLL 
EFEVYLEYLQ NRFESGEGQA RAVQMSTKVL IQFLQKKVGV SSFPQLGVGE DRLKDSVLDN 
SGMQCHFQKR RLHVNKRV

Genular Protein ID: 2969460870

Symbol: B5MC21_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B5MC21

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

Length: 136
Mass: 15596
Checksum: DE6D1905F32FF15E
Sequence:

MCESSKEALA ENNLNLPKMA EKDGCFQSGF NEETCLVKII TGLLEFEVYL EYLQNRFESS 
EEQARAVQMS TKVLIQFLQK KAKNLDAITT PDPTTNASLL TKLQAQNQWL QDMTTHLILR 
SFKEFLQSSL RALRQM

Genular Protein ID: 3988121719

Symbol: B4DNQ5_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DNQ5

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

Length: 252
Mass: 27459
Checksum: A5EC09716F313477
Sequence:

MNSFSTSKCR KSLALELPAA VEPCVREGCV AQGGLAGGQQ QRQAPSCAVS SPLRSLPSGT 
GAFGPVAFSL GLLLVLPAAF PAPVPPGEDS KDVAAPHRQP LTSSERIDKQ IRYILDGISA 
LRKETCNKSN MCESSKEALA ENNLNLPKMA EKDGCFQSGF NEETCLVKII TGLLEFEVYL 
EYLQNRFESS EEQARAVQMS TKVLIQFLQK KVGVSSFPQL GVGEDRLKDS VLDNSGMQCH 
FQKRRLHVNK RV

Details for: IL6

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin. PubMed ID: 3491322

Structure and expression of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2/IL-6) gene. PubMed ID: 3500852

Anti-beta-interferon antibodies inhibit the increased expression of HLA-B7 mRNA in tumor necrosis factor-treated human fibroblasts: structural studies of the beta 2 interferon involved. PubMed ID: 3538015

Structure and expression of cDNA and genes for human interferon-beta-2, a distinct species inducible by growth-stimulatory cytokines. PubMed ID: 3023045

Molecular cloning and expression of hybridoma growth factor in Escherichia coli. PubMed ID: 3320204

Deletion of 3' untranslated region of human BSF-2 mRNA causes stabilization of the mRNA and high-level expression in mouse NIH3T3 cells. PubMed ID: 2789513

Structural analysis of the sequence coding for an inducible 26-kDa protein in human fibroblasts. PubMed ID: 3758081

Interleukin 6: identification as a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor. PubMed ID: 3266463

Stable and efficient expression of human interleukin-6 cDNA in mammalian cells after gene transfer. PubMed ID: 1291290

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Separation and comparison of two monokines with lymphocyte-activating factor activity: IL-1 beta and hybridoma growth factor (HGF). Identification of leukocyte-derived HGF as IL-6. PubMed ID: 3279116

Interleukin 6 is the principal cytolytic T lymphocyte differentiation factor for thymocytes in human leukocyte conditioned medium. PubMed ID: 2610854

Marked cell-type-specific differences in glycosylation of human interleukin-6. PubMed ID: 1883960

Structure, stability and biological properties of a N-terminally truncated form of recombinant human interleukin-6 containing a single disulfide bond. PubMed ID: 7851440

Disulfide structures of human interleukin-6 are similar to those of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor. PubMed ID: 2472117

Evidence for the importance of a positive charge and an alpha-helical structure of the C-terminus for biological activity of human IL-6. PubMed ID: 2037043

Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6. PubMed ID: 11080265

Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis. PubMed ID: 12794819

IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. PubMed ID: 15124018

Impaired skeletal development in interleukin-6-transgenic mice: a model for the impact of chronic inflammation on the growing skeletal system. PubMed ID: 17075861

IL-6 selectively stimulates fat metabolism in human skeletal muscle. PubMed ID: 20823453

Interleukin-6 enhances insulin secretion by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from L cells and alpha cells. PubMed ID: 22037645

A single kinase generates the majority of the secreted phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 26091039

A gp130-Src-YAP module links inflammation to epithelial regeneration. PubMed ID: 25731159

SorLA in Interleukin-6 Signaling and Turnover. PubMed ID: 28265003

Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling in Clinic. PubMed ID: 30995492

Coagulation Factor Xa Induces Proinflammatory Responses in Cardiac Fibroblasts via Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor-1. PubMed ID: 34831181

Folding topologies of human interleukin-6 and its mutants as studied by NMR spectroscopy. PubMed ID: 8555185

Solution structure of recombinant human interleukin-6. PubMed ID: 9159484

1.9-A crystal structure of interleukin 6: implications for a novel mode of receptor dimerization and signaling. PubMed ID: 9118960

Hexameric structure and assembly of the interleukin-6/IL-6 alpha-receptor/gp130 complex. PubMed ID: 12829785

The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis. PubMed ID: 9769329

An IL6 promoter polymorphism is associated with a lifetime risk of development of Kaposi sarcoma in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. PubMed ID: 11001912

A nucleotide variant in the promoter region of the interleukin-6 gene associated with decreased bone mineral density. PubMed ID: 11355017

Association of interleukin-6 promoter variant with bone mineral density in pre-menopausal women. PubMed ID: 12768442

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. PubMed ID: 11237011

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. PubMed ID: 12853948

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. PubMed ID: 15496913

PubMed ID: 3491322

PubMed ID: 3500852

PubMed ID: 3538015

PubMed ID: 3023045

PubMed ID: 3320204

PubMed ID: 2789513

PubMed ID: 3758081

PubMed ID: 3266463

PubMed ID: 1291290

PubMed ID: 15489334

PubMed ID: 3279116

PubMed ID: 2610854

PubMed ID: 1883960

PubMed ID: 7851440

PubMed ID: 2472117

PubMed ID: 2037043

PubMed ID: 11080265

PubMed ID: 12794819

PubMed ID: 15124018

PubMed ID: 17075861

PubMed ID: 20823453

PubMed ID: 22037645

PubMed ID: 26091039

PubMed ID: 25731159

PubMed ID: 28265003

PubMed ID: 30995492

PubMed ID: 34831181

PubMed ID: 8555185

PubMed ID: 9159484

PubMed ID: 9118960

PubMed ID: 12829785

PubMed ID: 9769329

PubMed ID: 11001912

PubMed ID: 11355017

PubMed ID: 12768442

PubMed ID: 11237011

PubMed ID: 12853948

PubMed ID: 15496913