Details for: PHACTR1

Gene ID: 221692

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PHACTR1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112137

Description: phosphatase and actin regulator 1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 72.48
    rCSI 86.57%
    PRS 89.6
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 65.84
    rCSI 81.92%
    PRS 87.88
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 65.8
    rCSI 84.82%
    PRS 90.34
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 51.65
    rCSI 83.06%
    PRS 90.13
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 51.33
    rCSI 73.66%
    PRS 91.39
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 47.9
    rCSI 80.41%
    PRS 89.6
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 46.19
    rCSI 93.73%
    PRS 84.47
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 38.45
    rCSI 83.41%
    PRS 88.43
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 38.3
    rCSI 67.64%
    PRS 89.2
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 36.77
    rCSI 95.79%
    PRS 91.72
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 35.14
    rCSI 84.05%
    PRS 89.73
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 32.74
    rCSI 56.63%
    PRS 93.71
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 32.07
    rCSI 77.95%
    PRS 87.91
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 31.76
    rCSI 70.16%
    PRS 90.24
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 30.78
    rCSI 71.05%
    PRS 91.09
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 29.25
    rCSI 33.78%
    PRS 91.56
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 27.28
    rCSI 20.37%
    PRS 98.46
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 27.25
    rCSI 72.57%
    PRS 87.35
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 27.11
    rCSI 50.78%
    PRS 91.6
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 26.01
    rCSI 81.35%
    PRS 91.46
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 25.6
    rCSI 84.15%
    PRS 88.65
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 25.23
    rCSI 78.85%
    PRS 90.29
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 25.2
    rCSI 51.78%
    PRS 88.25
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 23.56
    rCSI 48.88%
    PRS 95.46
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 22.75
    rCSI 65.94%
    PRS 91.19
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 21.67
    rCSI 77.98%
    PRS 88.1
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 21.02
    rCSI 32.05%
    PRS 94.31
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 20.77
    rCSI 78.51%
    PRS 89.51
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 19.74
    rCSI 13.12%
    PRS 97.2
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 19.47
    rCSI 77.12%
    PRS 92.07
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 19.16
    rCSI 16.78%
    PRS 97.88
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 18.96
    rCSI 64.94%
    PRS 87.88
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 18.9
    rCSI 24.25%
    PRS 94.07
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 18.69
    rCSI 83.47%
    PRS 86.22
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 16.63
    rCSI 12.32%
    PRS 94.39
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 16.59
    rCSI 16.99%
    PRS 95.36
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 16.38
    rCSI 16.85%
    PRS 98.24
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 16.15
    rCSI 36.21%
    PRS 89.79
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 15.95
    rCSI 11.14%
    PRS 97.75
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 15.62
    rCSI 13.14%
    PRS 98.88
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 15.54
    rCSI 11.55%
    PRS 98.52
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI 14.17
    rCSI 74.5%
    PRS 89.34
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 14.13
    rCSI 11.8%
    PRS 90.75
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 14.08
    rCSI 28.26%
    PRS 93.49
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 13.99
    rCSI 12.64%
    PRS 95.95
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 13.95
    rCSI 13.43%
    PRS 95.32
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 13.82
    rCSI 11.45%
    PRS 97.04
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 13.65
    rCSI 24.52%
    PRS 93.36
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 13.64
    rCSI 45.71%
    PRS 87.6
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 13.31
    rCSI 11.69%
    PRS 97.91
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 13.26
    rCSI 16.02%
    PRS 98.38
  • memory B cell CL0000787
    CSI 13.24
    rCSI 13.08%
    PRS 97.79
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 13.08
    rCSI 76.99%
    PRS 89.8
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 12.82
    rCSI 20.45%
    PRS 91.76
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 12.73
    rCSI 71.92%
    PRS 89.59
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 12.72
    rCSI 63.24%
    PRS 92.64
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 12.59
    rCSI 28.74%
    PRS 92.73
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 12.07
    rCSI 15.03%
    PRS 98.82
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 12.02
    rCSI 11.18%
    PRS 97.36
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 11.89
    rCSI 22.44%
    PRS 98.34
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 11.66
    rCSI 8.99%
    PRS 98.08
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 11.63
    rCSI 10.68%
    PRS 98.36
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 11.61
    rCSI 10.05%
    PRS 97.24
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 11.56
    rCSI 14.54%
    PRS 98.8
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 11.43
    rCSI 20.15%
    PRS 93.46
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 11.4
    rCSI 16.52%
    PRS 99.27
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 11.1
    rCSI 15.42%
    PRS 95.6
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 11.08
    rCSI 35.66%
    PRS 93.65
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 11.03
    rCSI 30.4%
    PRS 95.46
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 10.9
    rCSI 16.02%
    PRS 93.15
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 10.85
    rCSI 28.28%
    PRS 97.47
  • kidney collecting duct principal cell CL1001431
    CSI 10.77
    rCSI 54.18%
    PRS 93.3
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 10.73
    rCSI 52.87%
    PRS 97.44
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 10.69
    rCSI 66.75%
    PRS 92.15
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 10.67
    rCSI 23.48%
    PRS 97.69
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 10.63
    rCSI 12.74%
    PRS 97.01
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 10.56
    rCSI 8.35%
    PRS 93.35
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 10.46
    rCSI 23.93%
    PRS 96.87
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 10.39
    rCSI 89.48%
    PRS 91.34
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 10.14
    rCSI 38.28%
    PRS 87.14
  • mature NK T cell CL0000814
    CSI 10.12
    rCSI 12.94%
    PRS 97.53
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 9.89
    rCSI 21.76%
    PRS 83.94
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 9.6
    rCSI 15.81%
    PRS 96.93
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 9.49
    rCSI 16.22%
    PRS 99.49
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 9.39
    rCSI 13.32%
    PRS 95.24
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 9.38
    rCSI 38.21%
    PRS 91.06
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 9.3
    rCSI 8.58%
    PRS 97.29
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 9.29
    rCSI 14.84%
    PRS 97.37
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 9.29
    rCSI 68.26%
    PRS 91.76
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 9.26
    rCSI 24.76%
    PRS 93.66
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell CL0000784
    CSI 9.08
    rCSI 9.19%
    PRS 98.11
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 8.99
    rCSI 21.95%
    PRS 92.02
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 8.98
    rCSI 67.53%
    PRS 88.57
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 8.72
    rCSI 9.99%
    PRS 97.96
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 8.71
    rCSI 6.85%
    PRS 96.71
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 8.67
    rCSI 15.2%
    PRS 94.6
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 8.58
    rCSI 72.22%
    PRS 86.19
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 8.57
    rCSI 13.09%
    PRS 98.69
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 8.56
    rCSI 11.22%
    PRS 98.96
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 8.51
    rCSI 10.48%
    PRS 95.49
  • B-1 B cell CL0000819
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 9.5%
    PRS 98.6%
  • B-2 B cell CL0000822
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 98.6%
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 89.5%
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 99.5%
  • cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 92.4%
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 8.7%
    PRS 90.8%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 99.1%
  • IgM plasma cell CL0000986
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 98.4%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 91.2%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 95.7%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 16.6%
    PRS 93.5%
  • follicular B cell CL0000843
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 98.7%
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 17.9%
    PRS 98.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 94.9%
  • endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 9.4%
    PRS 97.9%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 97.6%
  • cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron CL4023111
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 14.1%
    PRS 95.5%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 11.2%
    PRS 98.9%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 14.1%
    PRS 94.5%
  • neuroplacodal cell CL0000032
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 23.7%
    PRS 92.4%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 97.3%
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 28.2%
    PRS 92.0%
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 13.3%
    PRS 88.5%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 69.4%
    PRS 87.1%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 69.6%
    PRS 87.4%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 13.3%
    PRS 96.1%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 98.4%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 97.7%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 96.2%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 19.3%
    PRS 82.8%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 96.6%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 70.1%
    PRS 90.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 29.8%
    PRS 92.7%
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 90.9%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 71.6%
    PRS 90.6%
  • diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 40.7%
    PRS 86.2%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 91.8%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 98.7%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 22.6%
    PRS 98.5%
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 95.7%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 95.3%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 92.5%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 98.0%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 21.4%
    PRS 99.1%
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 65.4%
    PRS 95.8%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 12.8%
    PRS 97.8%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 99.1%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 96.4%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 94.1%
  • neutrophil CL0000775
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 25.1%
    PRS 93.7%
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 29.8%
    PRS 91.6%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 12.0%
    PRS 93.7%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 68.2%
    PRS 90.9%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 21.6%
    PRS 88.6%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 5.0
    rCSI 14.2%
    PRS 95.4%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 21.7%
    PRS 92.4%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 95.1%
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 35.3%
    PRS 91.9%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 15.3%
    PRS 96.9%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 97.1%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 18.4%
    PRS 95.7%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 6.1
    rCSI 9.4%
    PRS 98.7%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 98.5%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 25.1%
    PRS 96.6%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 11.2%
    PRS 94.7%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 94.4%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 11.5%
    PRS 92.6%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 6.6
    rCSI 9.6%
    PRS 96.9%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 98.3%
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 6.8
    rCSI 15.2%
    PRS 99.2%
  • transitional stage B cell CL0000818
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 22.7%
    PRS 98.9%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 7.0
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 97.7%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 7.0
    rCSI 15.5%
    PRS 98.5%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 7.0
    rCSI 17.8%
    PRS 93.3%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 33.8%
    PRS 94.3%
  • microglial cell CL0000129
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 28.5%
    PRS 95.1%
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 38.8%
    PRS 93.4%
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 34.1%
    PRS 97.0%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 27.3%
    PRS 92.2%
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 43.0%
    PRS 90.0%
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 7.4
    rCSI 13.3%
    PRS 96.8%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 7.4
    rCSI 11.8%
    PRS 93.8%
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 29.2%
    PRS 87.0%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 28.0%
    PRS 94.6%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 7.6
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 98.1%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 7.6
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 91.6%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 97.2%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 12.1%
    PRS 96.3%
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 7.9
    rCSI 54.0%
    PRS 90.5%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 8.2
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 98.7%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 8.4
    rCSI 39.0%
    PRS 99.0%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 8.4
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 98.3%
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 10.5%
    PRS 95.5%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 8.6
    rCSI 11.2%
    PRS 99.0%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 8.6
    rCSI 13.1%
    PRS 98.7%
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 8.6
    rCSI 72.2%
    PRS 86.2%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 8.7
    rCSI 15.2%
    PRS 94.6%
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 8.7
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 96.7%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 8.7
    rCSI 10.0%
    PRS 98.0%
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 9.0
    rCSI 67.5%
    PRS 88.6%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) (phosphatase and actin regulator 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6p24.1. It encodes a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and inhibiting protein phosphatase activity. Expression data highlights its profound significance in the central nervous system, where it is a top marker for numerous neuronal subtypes, particularly inhibitory GABAergic cortical interneurons such as [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016), [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018), and [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017). Its function is implicated in fundamental cellular processes including motility, neurite development, and cytoskeletal organization. Clinically, *de novo* mutations in [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) have been associated with severe neurodevelopmental disorders, including West syndrome ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy246)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) establishes it as a key gene within the nervous system, with a particularly specialized role in cortical interneurons. It demonstrates the highest cell significance index (CSI) in multiple subtypes of GABAergic interneurons, including VIP-positive (CSI: 72.48), parvalbumin-positive (CSI: 65.84), and somatostatin-positive (CSI: 65.80) populations. Its high significance extends to glutamatergic excitatory neurons, such as [L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4030059) and [L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4030063), as well as other CNS cell types like [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) and [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065). This widespread and high-level expression across diverse neuronal populations suggests a fundamental role in maintaining neuronal structure and function. Beyond the nervous system, [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) also shows significant expression in [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746) and [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602). Its role in endothelial cells has been specifically investigated, where it is involved in VEGF-induced signaling, controlling tubulogenesis and lamellipodial dynamics ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.09.003)). Depletion of [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) in endothelial cells was shown to abolish tube formation and induce apoptosis, highlighting its essential function in angiogenesis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2011.07.010)). ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) are deeply rooted in cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular signaling. Gene Ontology annotations reveal its direct involvement in [actin binding](/details-go/GO:0003779) and the organization of the [actin cytoskeleton](/details-go/GO:0030036), including processes like [stress fiber assembly](/details-go/GO:0043149). This molecular function is consistent with its high expression in neurons, where cytoskeletal integrity is paramount for processes such as [cerebral cortex development](/details-go/GO:0021987), [regulation of neuron migration](/details-go/GO:2001222), and [dendrite arborization](/details-go/GO:0140059). The protein is found in both the [cytosol](/details-go/GO:0005829) and the [nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634), suggesting it may shuttle between compartments to integrate signals. Furthermore, [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) is annotated with [protein phosphatase inhibitor activity](/details-go/GO:0004864), indicating it acts as a regulatory node in phosphorylation-based signaling cascades. This function, combined with its role in actin regulation, positions it as a key integrator that links extracellular or intracellular signals to the physical machinery responsible for [cell motility](/details-go/GO:0048870) and morphological changes, both in neurons at the [synapse](/details-go/GO:0045202) and in other cell types like endothelial cells during angiogenesis. ## Research Directions The strong association of [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) with neuronal function and severe neurodevelopmental disorders provides a clear path for future investigation. Its high expression in specific interneuron populations suggests a critical role in establishing and maintaining the brain's excitatory/inhibitory balance. ### Proposed Hypotheses: 1. *De novo* pathogenic variants in [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) disrupt dendritic arborization and synaptic development specifically in cortical interneurons. This impairment leads to a failure in forming proper inhibitory circuits, resulting in the network hyperexcitability that underlies seizure disorders like West syndrome ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy246)). 2. As a phosphatase inhibitor, [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) regulates the phosphorylation state of key actin-binding proteins at the synapse. Its dysregulation in disease contexts may lead to aberrant synaptic plasticity by uncoupling signaling pathways from the necessary cytoskeletal remodeling required for long-term potentiation or depression. ### Experimental Approach: To test the first hypothesis, patient-specific *de novo* mutations identified in individuals with West syndrome could be introduced into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. These edited iPSCs, alongside isogenic controls, would then be differentiated into cortical interneurons (e.g., VIP- or PVALB-positive). A detailed analysis of these neurons would follow, including: - **Morphological analysis:** Using immunofluorescence and high-resolution microscopy to quantify dendritic complexity, spine density, and axon initial segment formation. - **Functional analysis:** Performing patch-clamp electrophysiology on the differentiated interneurons to assess their intrinsic firing properties and their ability to form functional inhibitory synapses when co-cultured with glutamatergic neurons. - **Transcriptomic analysis:** Conducting single-cell RNA sequencing to determine if the mutations alter the developmental trajectory or final identity of the interneurons. ### Therapeutic Potential: Given that mutations in [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) are linked to severe, early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders often caused by haploinsufficiency ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy246), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1206524)), therapeutic strategies aimed at direct inhibition are likely inappropriate and could be detrimental. The gene's fundamental role in cytoskeletal organization in multiple tissues, including the heart and endothelium, suggests that systemic modulation would carry a high risk of off-target effects. Instead, future therapeutic avenues may lie in gene therapies designed to restore functional protein levels in affected neuronal populations or in developing small molecules that correct the specific downstream consequences of its dysfunction, rather than targeting [PHACTR1](/details-gene/221692) itself.

Genular Protein ID: 4208722583

Symbol: PHAR1_HUMAN

Name: Phosphatase and actin regulator 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11214970

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 11214970

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/7.6.347

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21798305

Title: Depletion of the novel protein PHACTR-1 from human endothelial cells abolishes tube formation and induces cell death receptor apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 21798305

DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.07.010

PubMed ID: 21939755

Title: Neuropilin-1 regulates a new VEGF-induced gene, Phactr-1, which controls tubulogenesis and modulates lamellipodial dynamics in human endothelial cells.

PubMed ID: 21939755

DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.09.003

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 30256902

Title: De novo PHACTR1 mutations in West syndrome and their pathophysiological effects.

PubMed ID: 30256902

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy246

PubMed ID: 23033978

Title: Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability.

PubMed ID: 23033978

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1206524

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 580
  • Mass: 66308
  • Checksum: 5111973836BBEA39
  • Sequence:
  • MDYPKMDYFL DVESAHRLLD VESAQRFFYS QGAQARRATL LLPPTLMAAS SEDDIDRRPI 
    RRVRSKSDTP YLAEARISFN LGAAEEVERL AAMRSDSLVP GTHTPPIRRR SKFANLGRIF 
    KPWKWRKKKS EKFKHTSAAL ERKISMRQSR EELIKRGVLK EIYDKDGELS ISNEEDSLEN 
    GQSLSSSQLS LPALSEMEPV PMPRDPCSYE VLQPSDIMDG PDPGAPVKLP CLPVKLSPPL 
    PPKKVMICMP VGGPDLSLVS YTAQKSGQQG VAQHHHTVLP SQIQHQLQYG SHGQHLPSTT 
    GSLPMHPSGC RMIDELNKTL AMTMQRLESS EQRVPCSTSY HSSGLHSGDG VTKAGPMGLP 
    EIRQVPTVVI ECDDNKENVP HESDYEDSSC LYTREEEEEE EDEDDDSSLY TSSLAMKVCR 
    KDSLAIKLSN RPSKRELEEK NILPRQTDEE RLELRQQIGT KLTRRLSQRP TAEELEQRNI 
    LKPRNEQEEQ EEKREIKRRL TRKLSQRPTV EELRERKILI RFSDYVEVAD AQDYDRRADK 
    PWTRLTAADK AAIRKELNEF KSTEMEVHEL SRHLTRFHRP

Genular Protein ID: 3183145146

Symbol: A0A6Q8PFA8_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 488
  • Mass: 55847
  • Checksum: 22FE274EF41BE8E0
  • Sequence:
  • MRSDSLVPGT HTPPIRRRSK FANLGRIFKP WKWRKKKSEK FKHTSAALER KISMRQSREE 
    LIKRGVLKEI YDKDGELSIS NEEDSLENGQ SLSSSQLSLP ALSEMEPVPM PRDPCSYEVL 
    QPSDIMDGPD PGAPVKLPCL PVKLSPPLPP KKVMICMPVG GPDLSLVSYT AQKSGQQGVA 
    QHHHTVLPSQ IQHQLQYGSH GQHLPSTTGS LPMHPSGCRM IDELNKTLAM TMQRLESSEQ 
    RVPCSTSYHS SGLHSGDGVT KAGPMGLPEI RQVPTVVIEC DDNKENVPHE SDYEDSSCLY 
    TREEEEEEED EDDDSSLYTS SLAMKVCRKD SLAIKLSNRP SKRELEEKNI LPRQTDEERL 
    ELRQQIGTKL TRRLSQRPTA EELEQRNILK PRNEQEEQEE KREIKRRLTR KLSQRPTVEE 
    LRERKILIRF SDYVEVADAQ DYDRRADKPW TRLTAADKAA IRKELNEFKS TEMEVHELSR 
    HLTRFHRP

Genular Protein ID: 1708195016

Symbol: A0A6Q8PGC2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 650
  • Mass: 73395
  • Checksum: C1E8227B90288668
  • Sequence:
  • MAEPTRSAKP GRFALRSPRC REGAVPGASA EKPKKKAFYL LRMKPLKEPA PNNNNNVSFV 
    IHCQLGKEIK HICSNCSRGE DARDAEEVER LAAMRSDSLV PGTHTPPIRR RSKFANLGRI 
    FKPWKWRKKK SEKFKHTSAA LERKISMRQS REELIKRGVL KEIYDKDGEL SISNEEDSLE 
    NGQSLSSSQL SLPALSEMEP VPMPRDPCSY EVLQPSDIMD GPVSEESPSA SESGVLLSQD 
    PSAKPVLLLP PKKPAAFPGD HEETPVKQLP LLKQPPALPP KPTTRIANHL TDPGAPVKLP 
    CLPVKLSPPL PPKKVMICMP VGGPDLSLVS YTAQKSGQQG VAQHHHTVLP SQIQHQLQYG 
    SHGQHLPSTT GSLPMHPSGC RMIDELNKTL AMTMQRLESS EQRVPCSTSY HSSGLHSGDG 
    VTKAGPMGLP EIRQVPTVVI ECDDNKENVP HESDYEDSSC LYTREEEEEE EDEDDDSSLY 
    TSSLAMKVCR KDSLAIKLSN RPSKRELEEK NILPRQTDEE RLELRQQIGT KLTRRLSQRP 
    TAEELEQRNI LKPRNEQEEQ EEKREIKRRL TRKLSQRPTV EELRERKILI RFSDYVEVAD 
    AQDYDRRADK PWTRLTAADK AAIRKELNEF KSTEMEVHEL SRHLTRFHRP

Genular Protein ID: 4083042248

Symbol: A0A8I5QJF9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 557
  • Mass: 63124
  • Checksum: A9EE0E79805FA05E
  • Sequence:
  • MRSDSLVPGT HTPPIRRRSK FANLGRIFKP WKWRKKKSEK FKHTSAALER KISMRQSREE 
    LIKRGVLKEI YDKDGELSIS NEEDSLENGQ SLSSSQLSLP ALSEMEPVPM PRDPCSYEVL 
    QPSDIMDGPV SEESPSASES GVLLSQDPSA KPVLLLPPKK PAAFPGDHEE TPVKQLPLLK 
    QPPALPPKPT TRIANHLTDP GAPVKLPCLP VKLSPPLPPK KVMICMPVGG PDLSLVSYTA 
    QKSGQQGVAQ HHHTVLPSQI QHQLQYGSHG QHLPSTTGSL PMHPSGCRMI DELNKTLAMT 
    MQRLESSEQR VPCSTSYHSS GLHSGDGVTK AGPMGLPEIR QVPTVVIECD DNKENVPHES 
    DYEDSSCLYT REEEEEEEDE DDDSSLYTSS LAMKVCRKDS LAIKLSNRPS KRELEEKNIL 
    PRQTDEERLE LRQQIGTKLT RRLSQRPTAE ELEQRNILKP RNEQEEQEEK REIKRRLTRK 
    LSQRPTVEEL RERKILIRFS DYVEVADAQD YDRRADKPWT RLTAADKAAI RKELNEFKST 
    EMEVHELSRH LTRFHRP

Genular Protein ID: 2681422206

Symbol: B4DHU0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 547
  • Mass: 61086
  • Checksum: 0C1E54B8CB182CB1
  • Sequence:
  • MDYPKMDYFL DVESAHRLLD VESAQRFFYS QGAQARRATL LLPPTLMAAS SEDDIDRRPI 
    RRVRSKSDTP YLAEARISFN LGAAEEVERL AAMRSDSLVP GTHTPPIRRR SKFANLGRIF 
    KPWKCRKKKS EKFKHTSAAL ERKISMRQSR EELIKRGVLK EIYDKDGELS ISNEEDSLEN 
    GQSLSSSQLS LPALSEMEPV PMPRDPCSYE VLQPSDIMDG PVSEESPSAS ESGVLLSQDP 
    SAKPVLLLPP KKPAAFPGDH EETPVKQLPL LKQPPALPPK PTTRIANHLT DPGAPVKLPC 
    LPVKLSPPLP PKKVMICMPV GGPDLSLVSY TAQKSGQQGV AQHHHTVLPS QIQHQLQYGS 
    HGQHLPSTTG SLPMHPSGCR MIDELNKTLA MTMQRLESSE QRVPCSTSYH SSGLHSGDGV 
    TKAGPMGLPE IRQVPTVVIE CDDNKENVPH ESDYEDSSCL YTREEEEEEE DEDDDSSLYT 
    SSLAMKVCRK DSLAIKLSNR PSKRELEEKN ILPRQTDEER LELRQQIGTK LTRNKFRRDF 
    GRQLEGK

Genular Protein ID: 3484517096

Symbol: A0A6Q8PG87_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 596
  • Mass: 68184
  • Checksum: 8D52DDFEC44C0EBF
  • Sequence:
  • MDYPKMDYFL DVESAHRLLD VESAQRFFYS QGAQARRATL LLPPTLMAAS SEDDIDRRPI 
    RRVRSKSDTP YLAEARISFN LGAAEEVERL AAMRSDSLVP GTHTPPIRRR SKFANLGRIF 
    KPWKWRKKKS EKFKHTSAAL ERKISMRQSR EELIKRGVLK EIYDKDGELS ISNEEDSLEN 
    GQSLSSSQLS LPALSEMEPV PMPRDPCSYE VLQPSDIMDG PDPGAPVKLP CLPVKLSPPL 
    PPKKVMICMP VGGPDLSLVS YTAQKSGQQG VAQHHHTVLP SQIQHQLQYG SHGQHLPSTT 
    GSLPMHPSGC RMIDELNKTL AMTMQRLESS EQRVPCSTSY HSSGLHSGDG VTKAGPMGLP 
    EIRQVPTVVI ECDDNKENVP HESDYEDSSC LYTREEEEEE EDEDDDSSLY TSSLAMKVCR 
    KDSLAIKLSN RPSKRELEEK NILPRQTDEE RLELRQQIGT KLTRRLSQRP TAEELEQRNI 
    LKPRNEQEEQ EEKREIKRRL TRKLSQRPTV EELRERKILI RFSDYVEVAD AQDYDRRADK 
    PWTRLTAADK AAIRKELNEF KSTEMEVHEL SRHLTRLVLR VFFFLFFPQV AIFISK