Details for: SAA2

Gene ID: 6289

Symbol: SAA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134339

Description: serum amyloid A2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 10.9395
    Cell Significance Index: 60.8900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 9.9315
    Cell Significance Index: 94.4100
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 3.4316
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 3.1016
    Cell Significance Index: 144.6100
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 2.7906
    Cell Significance Index: 58.2000
  • Cell Name: airway submucosal gland collecting duct epithelial cell (CL4033023)
    Fold Change: 2.5043
    Cell Significance Index: 17.5800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lacrimal sac (CL1000436)
    Fold Change: 2.0274
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5900
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.1158
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.0143
    Cell Significance Index: 131.0500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.8489
    Cell Significance Index: 44.1000
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 0.7961
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.6297
    Cell Significance Index: 343.9000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.5994
    Cell Significance Index: 28.1700
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: 0.5517
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5400
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.3611
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3300
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: 0.3472
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8700
  • Cell Name: mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland (CL4033037)
    Fold Change: 0.2201
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1555
    Cell Significance Index: 29.5900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1391
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3100
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.1229
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0700
  • Cell Name: endothelial tip cell (CL0000704)
    Fold Change: 0.1000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0765
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0725
    Cell Significance Index: 45.2800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: 48.8200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: 36.0700
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: 0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0300
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0178
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0329
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0346
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0352
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0566
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4700
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland (CL4033005)
    Fold Change: -0.0590
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0712
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0739
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0741
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0812
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8000
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.0823
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0876
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0600
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0914
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1194
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.1261
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1288
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1379
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1409
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1503
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5300
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.1591
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.1617
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1649
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1738
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1848
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1987
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: -0.2003
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2179
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2224
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2343
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3000
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.2391
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2587
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4700
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: -0.2651
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2656
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2704
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2722
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2829
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5600
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: -0.2907
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.3026
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.3033
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.3195
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1000
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: -0.3240
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: serous cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000330)
    Fold Change: -0.3272
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.3303
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.3446
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.3459
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.3654
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.3669
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.3795
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.3820
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Acute-phase response**: SAA2 is a key player in the acute-phase response, a systemic reaction to inflammation and infection. It is rapidly induced in response to various stimuli, including lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, and stress. 2. **Protein binding**: SAA2 has a high affinity for binding to proteins, including lipoproteins, albumin, and complement components, which modulates its function and regulates its activity. 3. **Extracellular exosome formation**: SAA2 is involved in the formation of extracellular exosomes, which are small vesicles that contain proteins, lipids, and other molecules. These exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis. 4. **Lipid metabolism**: SAA2 has been implicated in lipid metabolism, particularly in the regulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle formation and function. 5. **Tissue-specific expression**: SAA2 is expressed in various tissues, including the lung, mammary gland, liver, and colon, suggesting its involvement in tissue-specific functions and homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Acute-phase response pathway**: SAA2 is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides and cytokines, and regulates the expression of other acute-phase proteins. 2. **Extracellular exosome pathway**: SAA2 is involved in the formation and secretion of extracellular exosomes, which contain proteins, lipids, and other molecules that regulate intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis. 3. **Lipid metabolism pathway**: SAA2 regulates HDL particle formation and function, which is critical for lipid transport and reverse cholesterol transport. 4. **Immune response pathway**: SAA2 modulates immune responses by regulating the expression of immune-related genes and proteins. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Atherosclerosis**: SAA2 has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial wall. 2. **Cancer**: SAA2 has been found to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. 3. **Inflammatory disorders**: SAA2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis, where it regulates immune responses and tissue damage. 4. **Cardiovascular disease**: SAA2 has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke, where it regulates lipid metabolism and immune responses. In conclusion, SAA2 is a multifaceted gene involved in immune response, lipid metabolism, and tissue homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which SAA2 regulates these processes and to develop therapeutic strategies to target its dysregulation in disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2739850487

Symbol: SAA2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P0DJI9 G3XAK9 P02735 P02736 P02737 Q16730 Q16834 Q16835 Q16879 Q3KRB3 Q6FG67 Q96QN0 Q9UCK9 Q9UCL0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 12 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 3 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3800865

Title: DNA sequence evidence for polymorphic forms of human serum amyloid A (SAA).

PubMed ID: 3800865

DOI: 10.1007/bf00554519

PubMed ID: 2890635

Title: Structure of a human serum amyloid A gene and modulation of its expression in transfected L cells.

PubMed ID: 2890635

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47798-8

PubMed ID: 3183061

Title: Human serum amyloid A. Three hepatic mRNAs and the corresponding proteins in one person.

PubMed ID: 3183061

DOI: 10.1172/jci113779

PubMed ID: 1971508

Title: Heterogeneity of human serum amyloid A protein. Five different variants from one individual demonstrated by cDNA sequence analysis.

PubMed ID: 1971508

DOI: 10.1042/bj2680187

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1463770

Title: Identification of two novel amyloid A protein subsets coexisting in an individual patient of AA-amyloidosis.

PubMed ID: 1463770

DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(92)90068-x

PubMed ID: 1656519

Title: The human acute-phase serum amyloid A gene family: structure, evolution and expression in hepatoma cells.

PubMed ID: 1656519

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01570.x

PubMed ID: 10211414

Title: Revised nomenclature for serum amyloid A (SAA). Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Amyloidosis. Part 2.

PubMed ID: 10211414

DOI: 10.3109/13506129908993291

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 122
  • Mass: 13527
  • Checksum: C4AAB684E0EDCBB8
  • Sequence:
    • MKLLTGLVFC SLVLSVSSRS FFSFLGEAFD GARDMWRAYS DMREANYIGS DKYFHARGNY 
DAAKRGPGGA WAAEVISNAR ENIQRLTGRG AEDSLADQAA NKWGRSGRDP NHFRPAGLPE 
KY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.