DARS1 | ENSG00000115866 | NCBI 1615

Details for: DARS1

Associated with

Cytosolic trna aminoacylation
(R-HSA-379716)
Developmental biology
(R-HSA-1266738)
Metabolism
(R-HSA-1430728)
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
(R-HSA-71291)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Mitf-m-regulated melanocyte development
(R-HSA-9730414)
Selenoamino acid metabolism
(R-HSA-2408522)
Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of mitf-m expression and activity
(R-HSA-9856649)
Trna aminoacylation
(R-HSA-379724)
Aminoacyl-trna synthetase multienzyme complex
(GO:0017101)
Aminoacylase activity
(GO:0004046)
Aspartate-trna ligase activity
(GO:0004815)
Aspartyl-trna aminoacylation
(GO:0006422)
Atp binding
(GO:0005524)
Cytoplasm
(GO:0005737)
Cytosol
(GO:0005829)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Membrane
(GO:0016020)
Protein-containing complex assembly
(GO:0065003)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Rna binding
(GO:0003723)
Synapse
(GO:0045202)
Translation
(GO:0006412)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 34.75

rCSI 42.99%

PRS 17.02
hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 28.54

rCSI 18.97%

PRS 23.25
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 28.03

rCSI 25.31%

PRS 17.45
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 25.59

rCSI 20.69%

PRS 19.43
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 15.14

rCSI 23.39%

PRS 18.19
chondrocyte CL0000138

CSI 13.01

rCSI 20.69%

PRS 16.38
melanocyte of skin CL1000458

CSI 12.6

rCSI 17.18%

PRS 10.44
basal cell of epidermis CL0002187

CSI 12.35

rCSI 21.89%

PRS 15.91
hepatic stellate cell CL0000632

CSI 10.48

rCSI 39.26%

PRS 16.37
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 10.26

rCSI 7.91%

PRS 17.96
neural progenitor cell CL0011020

CSI 9.59

rCSI 42.17%

PRS 18.27
lung endothelial cell CL1001567

CSI 8.02

rCSI 18.7%

PRS 44.29
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 7.58

rCSI 24.31%

PRS 27.81
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 7.44

rCSI 38.44%

PRS 37.57
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 7.42

rCSI 14.02%

PRS 24.48
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 6.93

rCSI 6.67%

PRS 20.09
pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410

CSI 6.68

rCSI 38.89%

PRS 28.81
type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577

CSI 5.64

rCSI 20.01%

PRS 31.48
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 5.49

rCSI 7.3%

PRS 21.26
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 5.04

rCSI 3.39%

PRS 23.73
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 5.01

rCSI 27.03%

PRS 33.92
OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750

CSI 4.89

rCSI 6.68%

PRS 30.38
interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088

CSI 4.85

rCSI 6.17%

PRS 22.54
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 4.84

rCSI 5.05%

PRS 20.22
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 4.55

rCSI 8.85%

PRS 19.85
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 4.21

rCSI 12.03%

PRS 32.88
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 4.14

rCSI 3.09%

PRS 32.56
kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695

CSI 3.65

rCSI 9.51%

PRS 17.9
Kupffer cell CL0000091

CSI 3.35

rCSI 7.67%

PRS 18.85
direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026

CSI 3.28

rCSI 78.53%

PRS 9.78
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 3.25

rCSI 2.74%

PRS 30.78
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI 3.18

rCSI 3.13%

PRS 21
indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029

CSI 3.13

rCSI 75.54%

PRS 10.73
ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052

CSI 2.99

rCSI 42.44%

PRS 14.65
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011

CSI 2.84

rCSI 8.39%

PRS 23.37
ON-bipolar cell CL0000749

CSI 2.7

rCSI 4.02%

PRS 23.17
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 2.67

rCSI 1.58%

PRS 27.11
kidney epithelial cell CL0002518

CSI 2.6

rCSI 4.96%

PRS 42.45
H2 horizontal cell CL0004218

CSI 2.53

rCSI 12.59%

PRS 20.94
suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013

CSI 2.51

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 11.12
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838

CSI 2.44

rCSI 9.5%

PRS 31.84
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 2.43

rCSI 5.38%

PRS 17.96
OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047

CSI 2.3

rCSI 46.86%

PRS 16.55
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 2.3

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 27.4
ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046

CSI 2.29

rCSI 46.74%

PRS 15.52
endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092

CSI 2.29

rCSI 11.29%

PRS 26.3
midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028

CSI 2.17

rCSI 5.08%

PRS 27.95
erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038

CSI 2.08

rCSI 11.91%

PRS 29.13
basal cell CL0000646

CSI 2.08

rCSI 2.78%

PRS 21.31
cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008

CSI 1.98

rCSI 7.98%

PRS 17.52
retinal ganglion cell CL0000740

CSI 1.94

rCSI 4.29%

PRS 13.92
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 1.91

rCSI 1.68%

PRS 22.3
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 1.9

rCSI 3.66%

PRS 43.3
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI 1.86

rCSI 3.54%

PRS 30.68
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 1.86

rCSI 20.34%

PRS 34.43
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 1.76

rCSI 2.43%

PRS 27.44
CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811

CSI 1.75

rCSI 2.73%

PRS 44.12
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 1.73

rCSI 1.61%

PRS 19.47
club cell CL0000158

CSI 1.71

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 22.28
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 1.67

rCSI 2.41%

PRS 27.1
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 1.65

rCSI 1.85%

PRS 30.96
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 1.59

rCSI 1.41%

PRS 19.54
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 1.58

rCSI 1.11%

PRS 45.29
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 1.57

rCSI 1.36%

PRS 21.82
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 1.56

rCSI 5.56%

PRS 56.49
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 1.52

rCSI 1.22%

PRS 34.54
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 1.51

rCSI 2.06%

PRS 44.93
macroglial cell CL0000126

CSI 1.51

rCSI 3.88%

PRS 25.27
choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706

CSI 1.48

rCSI 2.43%

PRS 14.94
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 1.46

rCSI 1.57%

PRS 17.88
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 1.43

rCSI 7.15%

PRS 25.63
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 1.37

rCSI 1.14%

PRS 18.38
respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368

CSI 1.35

rCSI 8.35%

PRS 56.79
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 1.35

rCSI 1.56%

PRS 17.02
mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791

CSI 1.34

rCSI 4.86%

PRS 33.21
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 1.32

rCSI 1.26%

PRS 39.18
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 1.31

rCSI 1.67%

PRS 22.45
Mueller cell CL0000636

CSI 1.28

rCSI 2.92%

PRS 16.67
inhibitory interneuron CL0000498

CSI 1.27

rCSI 2.94%

PRS 15.65
megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553

CSI 1.27

rCSI 23.21%

PRS 53.31
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 1.25

rCSI 1.44%

PRS 39.16
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 1.25

rCSI 0.87%

PRS 23.19
enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006

CSI 1.21

rCSI 2.66%

PRS 29.45
hepatocyte CL0000182

CSI 1.19

rCSI 2.14%

PRS 17.97
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 1.19

rCSI 1.24%

PRS 19.88
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 1.14

rCSI 1.75%

PRS 31.37
foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179

CSI 1.11

rCSI 2.35%

PRS 30.86
centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029

CSI 1.09

rCSI 2.85%

PRS 29.53
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 1.08

rCSI 0.82%

PRS 26.58
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 1.08

rCSI 1.48%

PRS 21.97
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 1.08

rCSI 2.24%

PRS 19.36
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 1.07

rCSI 0.83%

PRS 18.59
interneuron CL0000099

CSI 1.05

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 14.37
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 1.04

rCSI 0.72%

PRS 20.62
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 1.04

rCSI 1.26%

PRS 24.36
subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521

CSI 1.03

rCSI 5.27%

PRS 19.82
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 1.03

rCSI 1.58%

PRS 26.63
ciliated cell CL0000064

CSI 1.02

rCSI 1.66%

PRS 19.59
L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041

CSI 1.02

rCSI 3.66%

PRS 10.78
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 1.01

rCSI 2.92%

PRS 21.94

alpha-beta T cell CL0000789

CSI -3.9

rCSI -4.6%

PRS 26.5%
lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011

CSI -2.5

rCSI -4.1%

PRS 11.5%
muscle cell CL0000187

CSI -1.9

rCSI -3.9%

PRS 41.8%
innate lymphoid cell CL0001065

CSI -1.8

rCSI -3.7%

PRS 28.8%
cardiac neuron CL0010022

CSI -1.3

rCSI -4.0%

PRS 15.3%
sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015

CSI -1.0

rCSI -1.6%

PRS 12.5%
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI -0.7

rCSI -1.3%

PRS 11.4%
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI -0.4

rCSI -0.4%

PRS 34.9%
adventitial cell CL0002503

CSI -0.3

rCSI -0.8%

PRS 29.4%
L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040

CSI -0.3

rCSI -0.7%

PRS 11.3%
colon goblet cell CL0009039

CSI -0.1

rCSI -0.3%

PRS 29.0%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.0%

PRS 37.5%
parietal epithelial cell CL1000452

CSI 0.0

rCSI 0.0%

PRS 16.2%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 55.3%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 15.1%
intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 34.5%
epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296

CSI 0.1

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 52.6%
medium spiny neuron CL1001474

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 9.4%
cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095

CSI 0.1

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 81.9%
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 36.8%
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 12.2%
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 36.8%
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 20.6%
intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 35.3%
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 20.6%
hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 30.7%
basophil CL0000767

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 38.6%
regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 20.4%
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 33.7%
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 19.5%
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 25.1%
kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 18.1%
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 40.9%
dopaminergic neuron CL0000700

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 10.4%
chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 13.2%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 0.2

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 65.1%
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 14.9%
glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 19.4%
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 33.5%
cell of skeletal muscle CL0000188

CSI 0.2

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 72.7%
kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 14.7%
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 25.5%
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 44.2%
pancreatic PP cell CL0002275

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 33.2%
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 0.2

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 30.9%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 33.7%
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 14.3%
renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 22.4%
colon macrophage CL0009038

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 40.0%
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 19.5%
glial cell CL0000125

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 18.9%
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.3%

PRS 11.3%
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 20.0%
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 17.2%
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 34.3%
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 30.3%
central nervous system neuron CL2000029

CSI 0.3

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 11.3%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 18.0%
ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 64.2%
GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 16.8%
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 33.9%
natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 50.6%
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 29.8%
cardiac muscle cell CL0000746

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 15.1%
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 26.3%
mesodermal cell CL0000222

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 19.0%
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.9%

PRS 31.8%
myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 56.3%
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 23.2%
syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 36.1%
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 37.6%
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 29.1%
L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 12.3%
intermediate monocyte CL0002393

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 19.6%
retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 13.9%
metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042

CSI 0.4

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 62.2%
basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 41.3%
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 28.2%
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 35.7%
tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 38.6%
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 29.6%
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 22.9%
follicular B cell CL0000843

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 59.5%
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 21.9%
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 59.7%
alveolar macrophage CL0000583

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 22.9%
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 20.7%
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 26.7%
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.7%

PRS 21.3%
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 22.7%
peptic cell CL0000155

CSI 0.4

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 50.2%
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 30.6%
corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 12.0%
diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 22.8%
paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 30.0%
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 28.4%
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 29.9%
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 0.5

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 40.7%
ependymal cell CL0000065

CSI 0.5

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 9.7%
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 0.5

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 14.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

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Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) encodes aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, an essential enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the amino acid aspartate to its corresponding tRNA molecule. This function, known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis, is a fundamental and rate-limiting step in protein translation. The expression profile of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) reflects this core biological role, showing the highest significance in highly proliferative and metabolically active cell types. **Overall**, it is a key marker for progenitor populations, including [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) and various myeloid progenitors, as well as specialized developmental cells like [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036), suggesting its importance in cellular growth, differentiation, and complex biological synthesis. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression landscape of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) highlights its critical function in cells undergoing rapid division, differentiation, or extensive protein production. **Overall**, the gene shows its highest significance scores in progenitor lineages and placental tissues. Top-ranking cell types include [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) (CSI: 34.75), [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 28.54), [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 28.03), and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 25.59). This pattern suggests that the demand for efficient protein synthesis machinery is paramount in these cells to support development and lineage commitment. High significance is also noted in other specialized, active cells such as [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138) and [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458). Conversely, [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) expression is significantly lower in many terminally differentiated and less proliferative cell types. The list of anti-markers is enriched with mature immune cells and neurons, including [alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000789) (CSI: -3.89), [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: -2.45), and [muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000187) (CSI: -1.89). This stark contrast underscores that while [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) is a housekeeping gene, its expression levels are dynamically regulated and are a strong indicator of a cell's proliferative and anabolic state rather than being uniformly high across all tissues. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular function of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) is well-characterized and directly related to protein biosynthesis. Gene Ontology annotations confirm its role in [Aspartyl-trna aminoacylation](/details-go/GO:0006422) and its specific [Aspartate-trna ligase activity](/details-go/GO:0004815). As a central component of this process, it is integral to the broader biological process of [Translation](/details-go/GO:0006412). Consistent with these functions, Reactome pathway analysis places [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) in the core pathways of [Cytosolic trna aminoacylation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-379716), [Metabolism of proteins](/details-pathway/R-HSA-392499), and [Translation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-72766). Its activity occurs primarily in the [cytoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005737), where it operates as part of the [aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex](/details-go/GO:0017101), a large assembly that enhances the efficiency and coordination of protein synthesis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m809636200), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m900480200)). Mutations in [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) have been shown to cause hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity, a severe neurological disorder, highlighting its indispensable role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.006)). ## Research Directions The high expression of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) in progenitor cells, combined with the severe neurological phenotype caused by its mutation, presents compelling avenues for further investigation. The data suggest that while its function is universal, its quantitative requirement is highly context-dependent, particularly during development. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given the high expression of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) in [neural progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0011020) and the hypomyelination phenotype of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) mutations, it is hypothesized that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells have a heightened requirement for DARS1 activity during their differentiation and myelination phases. Insufficient DARS1 levels may create a bottleneck in the synthesis of myelin-specific proteins, leading to developmental failure. 2. The exceptionally high significance of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) suggests a critical role in placental development. It is hypothesized that DARS1 expression is a key regulator of the invasive and protein-secretory functions of trophoblasts, and its dysregulation could be a contributing factor to placental pathologies such as pre-eclampsia or fetal growth restriction. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) in myelination, a targeted experimental approach could be employed. One could generate a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line with a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in `DARS1` using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. These mutant iPSCs, alongside an isogenic control line, would then be differentiated into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and subsequently mature oligodendrocytes. The impact of reduced DARS1 function could be assessed by quantifying the expression of key myelin proteins (e.g., MBP, PLP1) via western blot and immunocytochemistry, and by evaluating the morphological complexity and wrapping capacity of the resulting oligodendrocytes in co-culture with neurons. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a crucial enzyme for the universal process of protein translation, [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) is not a suitable target for systemic inhibition due to the high probability of severe, widespread toxicity. However, for monogenic diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations, such as the associated hypomyelination syndrome, the therapeutic strategy would be activation or replacement rather than inhibition. Potential future approaches could include gene replacement therapy using AAV vectors to deliver a functional copy of the [DARS1](/details-gene/1615) gene to affected neural cell populations or the development of small-molecule chaperones or activators designed to enhance the function of the residual mutant protein.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase

Genular Protein ID: 4130057107

Symbol: SYDC_HUMAN

Name: Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P14868 A8K3J2 D3DP77 Q2TNI3 Q32Q69 Q53HV4 Q53YC5 Q68CR9 Q9BW52

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2674137

Title: cDNA sequence, predicted primary structure, and evolving amphiphilic helix of human aspartyl-tRNA synthetase.

PubMed ID: 2674137

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84749-x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14654843

Title: Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling.

PubMed ID: 14654843

DOI: 10.1038/nature02166

PubMed ID: 18029264

Title: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase interacts with EF1alpha, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and p38 in vitro.

PubMed ID: 18029264

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.028

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19131329

Title: Dissection of the structural organization of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex.

PubMed ID: 19131329

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809636200

PubMed ID: 19289464

Title: Dynamic Organization of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Complexes in the Cytoplasm of Human Cells.

PubMed ID: 19289464

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900480200

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23643384

Title: Mutations in DARS cause hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity.

PubMed ID: 23643384

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.006

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 23609930

Title: Crystal structure of human cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a component of multi-tRNA synthetase complex.

PubMed ID: 23609930

DOI: 10.1002/prot.24306

Sequence Information:

Length: 501
Mass: 57136
Checksum: B181572DF0AF5F94
Sequence:

MPSASASRKS QEKPREIMDA AEDYAKERYG ISSMIQSQEK PDRVLVRVRD LTIQKADEVV 
WVRARVHTSR AKGKQCFLVL RQQQFNVQAL VAVGDHASKQ MVKFAANINK ESIVDVEGVV 
RKVNQKIGSC TQQDVELHVQ KIYVISLAEP RLPLQLDDAV RPEAEGEEEG RATVNQDTRL 
DNRVIDLRTS TSQAVFRLQS GICHLFRETL INKGFVEIQT PKIISAASEG GANVFTVSYF 
KNNAYLAQSP QLYKQMCICA DFEKVFSIGP VFRAEDSNTH RHLTEFVGLD IEMAFNYHYH 
EVMEEIADTM VQIFKGLQER FQTEIQTVNK QFPCEPFKFL EPTLRLEYCE ALAMLREAGV 
EMGDEDDLST PNEKLLGHLV KEKYDTDFYI LDKYPLAVRP FYTMPDPRNP KQSNSYDMFM 
RGEEILSGAQ RIHDPQLLTE RALHHGIDLE KIKAYIDSFR FGAPPHAGGG IGLERVTMLF 
LGLHNVRQTS MFPRDPKRLT P

	Overall overall
	Acute kidney failure MONDO0002492
	Adrenal gland UBERON0002369
	Alzheimer disease MONDO0004975
	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis MONDO0004976
	Basal cell carcinoma MONDO0020804
	Bipolar disorder MONDO0004985
	Bipolar I disorder MONDO0001866
	Blood UBERON0000178
	\|— Blood COVID-19 UBERON0000178_MONDO0100096
	\|— Blood Cytomegalovirus infection UBERON0000178_MONDO0005132
	\|— Blood Healthy UBERON0000178_PATO0000461
	Body of stomach UBERON0001161
	Bone marrow UBERON0002371
	\|— Bone marrow Healthy UBERON0002371_PATO0000461
	Brain UBERON0000955
	Breast UBERON0000310
	\|— Breast Healthy UBERON0000310_PATO0000461
	\|— Breast cancer MONDO0007254
	Bronchus UBERON0002185
	Caudate lobe of liver UBERON0001117
	Cerebellum UBERON0002037
	\|— Cerebellum Healthy UBERON0002037_PATO0000461
	Cerebral cortex UBERON0000956
	\|— Cerebral cortex Healthy UBERON0000956_PATO0000461
	Cerebrospinal fluid UBERON0001359
	Choroid plexus UBERON0001886
	Chronic kidney disease MONDO0005300
	Colon UBERON0001155
	\|— Colon Healthy UBERON0001155_PATO0000461
	Colorectal cancer MONDO0005575
	Cortex of kidney UBERON0001225
	\|— Cortex of kidney Healthy UBERON0001225_PATO0000461
	COVID-19 MONDO0100096
	Crohn disease MONDO0005011
	Cytomegalovirus infection MONDO0005132
	Dementia MONDO0001627
	Dental pulp UBERON0001754
	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex UBERON0009834
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Bipolar disorder UBERON0009834_MONDO0004985
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Bipolar I disorder UBERON0009834_MONDO0001866
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Dementia UBERON0009834_MONDO0001627
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Healthy UBERON0009834_PATO0000461
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Schizophrenia UBERON0009834_MONDO0005090
	\|— Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Vascular dementia UBERON0009834_MONDO0004648
	Duodenum UBERON0002114
	\|— Duodenum Healthy UBERON0002114_PATO0000461
	Fovea centralis UBERON0001786
	\|— Fovea centralis Healthy UBERON0001786_PATO0000461
	Frontal cortex UBERON0001870
	Glioblastoma MONDO0018177
	Healthy PATO0000461
	Heart left ventricle UBERON0002084
	\|— Heart left ventricle Healthy UBERON0002084_PATO0000461
	Heart right ventricle UBERON0002080
	\|— Heart right ventricle Healthy UBERON0002080_PATO0000461
	Hippocampal formation UBERON0002421
	\|— Hippocampal formation Healthy UBERON0002421_PATO0000461
	Hypothalamus UBERON0001898
	\|— Hypothalamus Healthy UBERON0001898_PATO0000461
	Ileum UBERON0002116
	\|— Ileum Healthy UBERON0002116_PATO0000461
	\|— Ileum lamina propria UBERON8600035
	Interventricular septum UBERON0002094
	Islet of Langerhans UBERON0000006
	Isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II MONDO0011818
	Kidney UBERON0002113
	\|— Kidney Healthy UBERON0002113_PATO0000461
	Lamina propria of small intestine UBERON0001238
	Leukoencephalopathy, diffuse hereditary, with spheroids 1 MONDO0800027
	Liver UBERON0002107
	\|— Liver Healthy UBERON0002107_PATO0000461
	Lung UBERON0002048
	\|— Lung Healthy UBERON0002048_PATO0000461
	\|— Lung adenocarcinoma MONDO0005061
	Lymph node UBERON0000029
	\|— Lymph node Metastatic melanoma UBERON0000029_MONDO0005191
	Malignant ovarian serous tumor MONDO0024885
	Medial orbital frontal cortex UBERON0022352
	Metastatic melanoma MONDO0005191
	Midbrain UBERON0001891
	\|— Midbrain Healthy UBERON0001891_PATO0000461
	Nasopharynx UBERON0001728
	Neocortex UBERON0001950
	\|— Neocortex Healthy UBERON0001950_PATO0000461
	Neuroblastoma MONDO0005072
	Occipital cortex UBERON0016540
	Ovary UBERON0000992
	\|— Ovary Healthy UBERON0000992_PATO0000461
	Parkinson disease MONDO0005180
	Peripheral region of retina UBERON0013682
	\|— Peripheral region of retina Healthy UBERON0013682_PATO0000461
	Placenta UBERON0001987
	Pleural effusion UBERON0000175
	Pons UBERON0000988
	\|— Pons Healthy UBERON0000988_PATO0000461
	Prefrontal cortex UBERON0000451
	Primary motor cortex UBERON0001384
	Renal medulla UBERON0000362
	\|— Renal medulla Healthy UBERON0000362_PATO0000461
	Respiratory airway UBERON0001005
	\|— Respiratory airway COVID-19 UBERON0001005_MONDO0100096
	Retina UBERON0000966
	\|— Retina Healthy UBERON0000966_PATO0000461
	Right atrium auricular region UBERON0006631
	Right cardiac atrium UBERON0002078
	\|— Right cardiac atrium Healthy UBERON0002078_PATO0000461
	Schizophrenia MONDO0005090
	Sigmoid colon UBERON0001159
	Small cell lung carcinoma MONDO0008433
	Spleen UBERON0002106
	\|— Spleen Healthy UBERON0002106_PATO0000461
	Stomach UBERON0000945
	\|— Stomach Healthy UBERON0000945_PATO0000461
	Thalamic complex UBERON0010225
	\|— Thalamic complex Healthy UBERON0010225_PATO0000461
	Thymus UBERON0002370
	\|— Thymus Healthy UBERON0002370_PATO0000461
	UBERON0005290 UBERON0005290
	\|— UBERON0005290 Healthy UBERON0005290_PATO0000461
	UBERON8440012 UBERON8440012
	\|— UBERON8440012 Healthy UBERON8440012_PATO0000461
	Vascular dementia MONDO0004648

Details for: DARS1

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

cDNA sequence, predicted primary structure, and evolving amphiphilic helix of human aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. PubMed ID: 2674137

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium. PubMed ID: 17974005

Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. PubMed ID: 15815621

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling. PubMed ID: 14654843

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase interacts with EF1alpha, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and p38 in vitro. PubMed ID: 18029264

Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. PubMed ID: 19413330

Dissection of the structural organization of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. PubMed ID: 19131329

Dynamic Organization of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Complexes in the Cytoplasm of Human Cells. PubMed ID: 19289464

Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. PubMed ID: 19608861

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. PubMed ID: 21406692

Mutations in DARS cause hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity. PubMed ID: 23643384

Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 23186163

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 24275569

N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. PubMed ID: 25944712

Crystal structure of human cytosolic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a component of multi-tRNA synthetase complex. PubMed ID: 23609930