Details for: ESD

Gene ID: 2098

Symbol: ESD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000139684

Description: esterase D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 326.4645
    Cell Significance Index: -50.7800
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 164.7782
    Cell Significance Index: -67.8800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 146.2289
    Cell Significance Index: -37.0900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 139.3706
    Cell Significance Index: -65.8000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 138.8776
    Cell Significance Index: -56.4200
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 127.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -65.3300
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 99.1622
    Cell Significance Index: -66.5400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 59.5762
    Cell Significance Index: -56.8800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 51.5347
    Cell Significance Index: -63.5400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 21.9758
    Cell Significance Index: -58.8700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 16.8320
    Cell Significance Index: -66.4200
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 13.4464
    Cell Significance Index: -41.3000
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 5.2953
    Cell Significance Index: 31.1100
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 5.1401
    Cell Significance Index: 41.0400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 4.0967
    Cell Significance Index: 85.7500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 4.0262
    Cell Significance Index: 43.7700
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 3.2118
    Cell Significance Index: 111.6100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 2.6655
    Cell Significance Index: 366.0500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.3680
    Cell Significance Index: 152.7700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 2.3515
    Cell Significance Index: 382.4500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 2.0395
    Cell Significance Index: 144.2400
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 2.0040
    Cell Significance Index: 25.6700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.8854
    Cell Significance Index: 51.3200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.8760
    Cell Significance Index: 240.5000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.7154
    Cell Significance Index: 80.6200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.6985
    Cell Significance Index: 219.4300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.6964
    Cell Significance Index: 750.0300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.6899
    Cell Significance Index: 922.9100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.5398
    Cell Significance Index: 40.4900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.4208
    Cell Significance Index: 174.7000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.2873
    Cell Significance Index: 60.0200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.2316
    Cell Significance Index: 222.0100
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 1.1725
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.1023
    Cell Significance Index: 82.1500
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.8637
    Cell Significance Index: 101.8600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.7365
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.7015
    Cell Significance Index: 140.7300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.6595
    Cell Significance Index: 41.5700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6397
    Cell Significance Index: 63.2800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.5255
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.5110
    Cell Significance Index: 23.1600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4850
    Cell Significance Index: 96.2400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.4703
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.4058
    Cell Significance Index: 69.3000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.3958
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.3817
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5200
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.3397
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.2763
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2730
    Cell Significance Index: 97.9200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2421
    Cell Significance Index: 46.0700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.2217
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.1866
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3100
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 0.1330
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1258
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.1129
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.1022
    Cell Significance Index: 77.3700
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0705
    Cell Significance Index: 63.6400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: 39.3500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0496
    Cell Significance Index: 93.4700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -37.9600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -32.6300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0304
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -64.0000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0721
    Cell Significance Index: -40.6800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -22.9500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1512
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1535
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1776
    Cell Significance Index: -51.1100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1804
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1961
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2091
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2815
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2834
    Cell Significance Index: -32.4700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.3137
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.3859
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.3883
    Cell Significance Index: -44.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3892
    Cell Significance Index: -30.8300
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.4073
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -0.4585
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.5015
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.5404
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.5900
    Cell Significance Index: -61.4300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.7076
    Cell Significance Index: -47.5800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.7694
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.8439
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.9136
    Cell Significance Index: -56.0100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.9188
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.9228
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.9383
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -1.0469
    Cell Significance Index: -28.0100
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -1.0480
    Cell Significance Index: -14.7000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -1.1659
    Cell Significance Index: -51.5700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Biological functions:** ESD is involved in the degradation of S-formylglutathione, a potent inhibitor of glutathione conjugation enzymes, thereby regulating the cellular redox balance. 2. **Oxidative stress response:** ESD is implicated in the mitigation of oxidative stress by degrading S-formylglutathione, which can accumulate under conditions of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. 3. **Carboxylic ester hydrolase activity:** ESD exhibits esterase activity, suggesting its potential role in the degradation of esterified compounds. 4. **Expression in various cell types:** ESD is expressed in a range of cell types, including erythroid progenitor cells, supporting cells, and differentiating cells from the mesodermal lineage. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Glutathione conjugation pathway:** ESD is involved in the regulation of glutathione conjugation enzymes by degrading S-formylglutathione, thereby modulating the cellular redox balance. 2. **Oxidative stress response pathway:** ESD plays a critical role in mitigating oxidative stress by degrading S-formylglutathione, which can accumulate under conditions of increased ROS production. 3. **Carboxylic ester hydrolase pathway:** ESD exhibits esterase activity, suggesting its potential role in the degradation of esterified compounds. 4. **Formaldehyde catabolic process:** ESD is involved in the degradation of formaldehyde, a potent toxic compound that can accumulate under conditions of oxidative stress. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer:** ESD expression has been observed in various types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. Its overexpression may contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** ESD has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where oxidative stress and glutathione depletion play a critical role. 3. **Reproductive health:** ESD expression has been observed in the uterus and ovaries, suggesting its potential role in reproductive health and fertility. 4. **Disease susceptibility:** Variations in ESD expression or function may contribute to susceptibility to certain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, ESD is a multifunctional enzyme involved in various cellular processes, including the regulation of oxidative stress and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Its expression in various cell types and its involvement in different biochemical pathways highlight its importance in human health and disease. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of ESD in human disease and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Genular Protein ID: 1484643917

Symbol: ESTD_HUMAN

Name: S-formylglutathione hydrolase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P10768 Q5TBU8 Q5TBV0 Q5TBV2 Q9BVJ2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 10 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EC 4 EMBL 6 ESTHER 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OGP 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 3 Rhea 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3462698

Title: Molecular cloning of the human esterase D gene, a genetic marker of retinoblastoma.

PubMed ID: 3462698

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6337

PubMed ID: 3164702

Title: Human esterase D gene: complete cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and application in the genetic diagnosis of human retinoblastoma.

PubMed ID: 3164702

DOI: 10.1007/bf00280552

PubMed ID: 10931946

Title: Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning.

PubMed ID: 10931946

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.160270997

PubMed ID: 15057823

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13.

PubMed ID: 15057823

DOI: 10.1038/nature02379

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3462714

Title: Cloning of the esterase D gene: a polymorphic gene probe closely linked to the retinoblastoma locus on chromosome 13.

PubMed ID: 3462714

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6573

PubMed ID: 4768551

Title: Esterase D: a new human polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 4768551

DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1973.tb01820.x

PubMed ID: 3770744

Title: Identity of the polymorphisms for esterase D and S-formylglutathione hydrolase in red blood cells.

PubMed ID: 3770744

DOI: 10.1007/bf00282085

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 19126594

Title: Crystal structure of human esterase D: a potential genetic marker of retinoblastoma.

PubMed ID: 19126594

DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-125286

PubMed ID: 7907313

Title: Molecular analysis of esterase D polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 7907313

DOI: 10.1007/bf00212018

PubMed ID: 12721789

Title: Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 (CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population.

PubMed ID: 12721789

DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 282
  • Mass: 31463
  • Checksum: BFC20D5FA2BB0DCE
  • Sequence:
    • MALKQISSNK CFGGLQKVFE HDSVELNCKM KFAVYLPPKA ETGKCPALYW LSGLTCTEQN 
FISKSGYHQS ASEHGLVVIA PDTSPRGCNI KGEDESWDFG TGAGFYVDAT EDPWKTNYRM 
YSYVTEELPQ LINANFPVDP QRMSIFGHSM GGHGALICAL KNPGKYKSVS AFAPICNPVL 
CPWGKKAFSG YLGTDQSKWK AYDATHLVKS YPGSQLDILI DQGKDDQFLL DGQLLPDNFI 
AACTEKKIPV VFRLQEGYDH SYYFIATFIT DHIRHHAKYL NA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.