Details for: GLO1

Gene ID: 2739

Symbol: GLO1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124767

Description: glyoxalase I

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 287.5048
    Cell Significance Index: -44.7200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 179.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -45.4100
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 137.4447
    Cell Significance Index: -56.6200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 119.8841
    Cell Significance Index: -56.6000
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 106.3017
    Cell Significance Index: -54.6800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 84.5129
    Cell Significance Index: -56.7100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 43.4565
    Cell Significance Index: -53.5800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 14.8627
    Cell Significance Index: -39.8200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 13.9659
    Cell Significance Index: -55.1100
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 12.2483
    Cell Significance Index: -37.6200
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 7.1736
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 2.6814
    Cell Significance Index: 78.7500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 2.4643
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 2.2884
    Cell Significance Index: 120.1500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 2.0995
    Cell Significance Index: 43.9500
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.8564
    Cell Significance Index: 17.1000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.7429
    Cell Significance Index: 214.3000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.5141
    Cell Significance Index: 16.4600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.5070
    Cell Significance Index: 41.0200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.4721
    Cell Significance Index: 265.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.4539
    Cell Significance Index: 236.4700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.4349
    Cell Significance Index: 183.9400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.4326
    Cell Significance Index: 37.6700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.3724
    Cell Significance Index: 749.4900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.3226
    Cell Significance Index: 181.6300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.2587
    Cell Significance Index: 43.7400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.2316
    Cell Significance Index: 91.7900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.1233
    Cell Significance Index: 222.9200
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 1.0370
    Cell Significance Index: 13.2800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9588
    Cell Significance Index: 192.3300
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 0.9054
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.8662
    Cell Significance Index: 40.7100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.7792
    Cell Significance Index: 344.4900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.7524
    Cell Significance Index: 47.4200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.7363
    Cell Significance Index: 95.1200
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.7293
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.6503
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.6271
    Cell Significance Index: 29.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.5210
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5019
    Cell Significance Index: 26.0700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.4866
    Cell Significance Index: 57.3800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.4737
    Cell Significance Index: 33.5000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.4148
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.4113
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.4089
    Cell Significance Index: 22.9500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.3988
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3948
    Cell Significance Index: 75.1400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3919
    Cell Significance Index: 140.5600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3778
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3304
    Cell Significance Index: 22.8500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.2324
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1652
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1537
    Cell Significance Index: 26.2500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1269
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.1190
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.1025
    Cell Significance Index: 77.5900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0514
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: 18.7600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: 42.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -28.6300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -32.0900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.0547
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0600
    Cell Significance Index: -33.8100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0687
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1072
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1144
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1100
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.1146
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1270
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1567
    Cell Significance Index: -45.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2057
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2093
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2182
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2475
    Cell Significance Index: -28.8400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.2516
    Cell Significance Index: -36.5700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2837
    Cell Significance Index: -21.7700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3186
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5800
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -0.3275
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.3875
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3879
    Cell Significance Index: -30.7200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.4498
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.4970
    Cell Significance Index: -51.7500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.5329
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.6088
    Cell Significance Index: -26.9300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.6158
    Cell Significance Index: -36.9700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.6304
    Cell Significance Index: -20.1900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.6584
    Cell Significance Index: -24.9300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.7034
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.7080
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.8150
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9500
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.8321
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2300
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: -0.8339
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8600
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.8491
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Glyoxalase I is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal into D-lactate and glutathione, thereby neutralizing its toxic effects. This enzyme is highly expressed in various cell types, including neural progenitor cells, GABAergic amacrine cells, alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cells, and immune cells such as CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cells. The GLO1 gene is encoded by a single copy gene, and its expression is tightly regulated by various transcription factors, including NF-κB and AP-1. **Pathways and Functions:** Glyoxalase I is involved in several key metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Glycolysis:** GLO1 regulates the levels of methylglyoxal, a toxic byproduct of glycolysis, by converting it into D-lactate and glutathione. 2. **Glutathione metabolism:** GLO1 is a key enzyme in the glutathione metabolic pathway, which involves the reduction of oxidized glutathione to its reduced form. 3. **Methylglyoxal metabolism:** GLO1 is responsible for the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a compound that can cause oxidative stress and damage to cellular components. 4. **Apoptosis regulation:** GLO1 has been shown to regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death) by modulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to its metabolic functions, GLO1 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of T cell activation and differentiation. GLO1 has been shown to: 1. **Regulate T cell activation:** GLO1 has been shown to regulate the activation of T cells, including CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cells. 2. **Influence T cell differentiation:** GLO1 has been implicated in the regulation of T cell differentiation, particularly in the context of Th1 and Th2 responses. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of GLO1 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Atherosclerosis:** GLO1 has been shown to regulate the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerosis. 2. **Diabetes:** GLO1 has been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. 3. **Autoimmune diseases:** GLO1 has been shown to regulate the activation and differentiation of immune cells, including T cells, in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, the glyoxalase I gene (GLO1) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing oxidative stress. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of GLO1 in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2629313131

Symbol: LGUL_HUMAN

Name: Lactoylglutathione lyase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q04760 B2R6P7 B4DDV0 P78375 Q59EL0 Q5TZW3 Q96FC0 Q96J41

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 5 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 8 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 8 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 13 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 2 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OGP 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 11 PDBsum 11 PIR 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 2 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7684374

Title: Human glyoxalase I. cDNA cloning, expression, and sequence similarity to glyoxalase I from Pseudomonas putida.

PubMed ID: 7684374

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82113-5

PubMed ID: 8449929

Title: Cloning and characterization of human colon glyoxalase-I.

PubMed ID: 8449929

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53370-6

PubMed ID: 8670058

Title: Optimized heterologous expression of the human zinc enzyme glyoxalase I.

PubMed ID: 8670058

DOI: 10.1042/bj3140463

PubMed ID: 10564821

Title: Genomic sequence of human glyoxalase-I: analysis of promoter activity and its regulation.

PubMed ID: 10564821

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00420-5

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 20454679

Title: Posttranslational modification of human glyoxalase 1 indicates redox-dependent regulation.

PubMed ID: 20454679

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010399

PubMed ID: 17576200

Title: Tumour necrosis factor induces phosphorylation primarily of the nitric-oxide-responsive form of glyoxalase I.

PubMed ID: 17576200

DOI: 10.1042/bj20070379

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19199007

Title: Phosphorylation on Thr-106 and NO-modification of glyoxalase I suppress the TNF-induced transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB.

PubMed ID: 19199007

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0031-7

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9218781

Title: Crystal structure of human glyoxalase I -- evidence for gene duplication and 3D domain swapping.

PubMed ID: 9218781

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.12.3386

PubMed ID: 9705294

Title: Involvement of an active-site Zn2+ ligand in the catalytic mechanism of human glyoxalase I.

PubMed ID: 9705294

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.34.21623

PubMed ID: 10521255

Title: Reaction mechanism of glyoxalase I explored by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the human enzyme in complex with a transition state analogue.

PubMed ID: 10521255

DOI: 10.1021/bi990696c

PubMed ID: 23122816

Title: Design and evaluation of azaindole-substituted N-hydroxypyridones as glyoxalase I inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 23122816

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.045

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 184
  • Mass: 20778
  • Checksum: 46291B7878070028
  • Sequence:
    • MAEPQPPSGG LTDEAALSCC SDADPSTKDF LLQQTMLRVK DPKKSLDFYT RVLGMTLIQK 
CDFPIMKFSL YFLAYEDKND IPKEKDEKIA WALSRKATLE LTHNWGTEDD ETQSYHNGNS 
DPRGFGHIGI AVPDVYSACK RFEELGVKFV KKPDDGKMKG LAFIQDPDGY WIEILNPNKM 
ATLM

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.