Details for: GZMA

Gene ID: 3001

Symbol: GZMA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000145649

Description: granzyme A

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 97.8494
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 64.7366
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4200
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 51.3623
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4200
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 37.9039
    Cell Significance Index: 101.5400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 13.0919
    Cell Significance Index: 271.5800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 12.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 11.2449
    Cell Significance Index: 395.1300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 7.1768
    Cell Significance Index: 210.7800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 5.3330
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 4.8855
    Cell Significance Index: 122.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 4.7244
    Cell Significance Index: 136.1200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.1763
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4800
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 2.4135
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.1378
    Cell Significance Index: 46.3200
  • Cell Name: activated type II NK T cell (CL0000931)
    Fold Change: 1.8866
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.6520
    Cell Significance Index: 74.8800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 1.6279
    Cell Significance Index: 17.3200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.2353
    Cell Significance Index: 235.0800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0593
    Cell Significance Index: 104.7900
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: 0.9731
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8284
    Cell Significance Index: 748.0100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.6157
    Cell Significance Index: 16.4700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4665
    Cell Significance Index: 75.8700
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: 0.4531
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3251
    Cell Significance Index: 35.3600
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: 0.2785
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2700
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 0.2501
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.2492
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7600
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 0.1138
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0940
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0858
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9400
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 0.0825
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: 0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0337
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0460
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0480
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6000
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -22.7200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0808
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0856
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0871
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4800
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0877
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0909
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0978
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.1070
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.1239
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3400
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: -0.1292
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1411
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1440
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.1467
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1524
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1583
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1607
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1622
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1652
    Cell Significance Index: -24.0200
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: -0.1682
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1725
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1734
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1769
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.2093
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8000
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.2448
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2638
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7400
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: -0.2682
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2684
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: -0.2989
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.3061
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8100
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: -0.3166
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3407
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9400
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.3647
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell (CL0000794)
    Fold Change: -0.3841
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.3856
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3948
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.4050
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0400
  • Cell Name: intraepithelial lymphocyte (CL0002496)
    Fold Change: -0.4180
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4186
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4211
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.4521
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.4705
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.5064
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7400
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: -0.5082
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: -0.5177
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4100
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: -0.5239
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4700
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha alpha positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000802)
    Fold Change: -0.5259
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.5290
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.5437
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** GZMA is a 25-kDa serine-type endopeptidase that belongs to the granzyme family. It is activated by proteolytic cleavage and forms homodimers, which are essential for its cytotoxic activity. 2. **Cellular Expression:** GZMA is predominantly expressed in CTLs, particularly in CD8+ alpha-beta T cells, as well as in natural killer (NK) cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and decidual NK cells. 3. **Signaling Pathways:** GZMA is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including the apoptotic process, pyroptosis, and negative regulation of DNA binding, endodeoxyribonuclease activity, and oxidoreductase activity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Apoptotic Process:** GZMA induces apoptosis in target cells by cleaving specific substrates, such as caspase-8 and caspase-3, leading to the activation of the caspase cascade and ultimately cell death. 2. **Cytotoxic T Cell Pyroptotic Process:** GZMA also plays a role in the pyroptotic process, which is characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the inflammasome. 3. **Granzyme-Mediated Programmed Cell Death Signaling Pathway:** GZMA forms homodimers and interacts with specific receptors, such as the death receptor CD95, to induce programmed cell death. 4. **Immune Response and Immunological Synapse:** GZMA is involved in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of the immunological synapse, where CTLs interact with antigen-presenting cells. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer Immunotherapy:** GZMA is a potential target for cancer immunotherapy, as its inhibition can enhance the efficacy of CTL-based therapies. 2. **Autoimmune Diseases:** Dysregulation of GZMA has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, where CTLs exhibit impaired cytotoxic activity. 3. **Viral Infections:** GZMA plays a critical role in controlling viral infections, particularly in the context of cytotoxic T cell responses. 4. **Immunodeficiency Disorders:** Mutations in the GZMA gene have been associated with immunodeficiency disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In conclusion, Granzyme A is a critical regulator of immune responses and cell death, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various immune-related disorders. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms of GZMA and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 881266553

Symbol: GRAA_HUMAN

Name: Fragmentin-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P12544 A4PHN1 Q6IB36

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 19 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3257574

Title: Cloning and chromosomal assignment of a human cDNA encoding a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific trypsin-like serine protease.

PubMed ID: 3257574

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.4.1184

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17180578

Title: Glucocorticoid-induced alternative promoter usage for a novel 5' variant of granzyme A.

PubMed ID: 17180578

DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0099-9

PubMed ID: 3047119

Title: Human cytotoxic lymphocyte tryptase. Its purification from granules and the characterization of inhibitor and substrate specificity.

PubMed ID: 3047119

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37694-4

PubMed ID: 3262682

Title: Characterization of three serine esterases isolated from human IL-2 activated killer cells.

PubMed ID: 3262682

PubMed ID: 3263427

Title: Characterization of granzymes A and B isolated from granules of cloned human cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 3263427

PubMed ID: 11555662

Title: Granzyme A activates an endoplasmic reticulum-associated caspase-independent nuclease to induce single-stranded DNA nicks.

PubMed ID: 11555662

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108137200

PubMed ID: 12628186

Title: Tumor suppressor NM23-H1 is a granzyme A-activated DNase during CTL-mediated apoptosis, and the nucleosome assembly protein SET is its inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 12628186

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00150-8

PubMed ID: 12524539

Title: Cleaving the oxidative repair protein Ape1 enhances cell death mediated by granzyme A.

PubMed ID: 12524539

DOI: 10.1038/ni885

PubMed ID: 16818237

Title: The exonuclease TREX1 is in the SET complex and acts in concert with NM23-H1 to degrade DNA during granzyme A-mediated cell death.

PubMed ID: 16818237

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.005

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 20038786

Title: Perforin activates clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis, which is required for plasma membrane repair and delivery of granzyme B for granzyme-mediated apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 20038786

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-246116

PubMed ID: 32299851

Title: Granzyme A from cytotoxic lymphocytes cleaves GSDMB to trigger pyroptosis in target cells.

PubMed ID: 32299851

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz7548

PubMed ID: 34022140

Title: Pathogenic ubiquitination of GSDMB inhibits NK cell bactericidal functions.

PubMed ID: 34022140

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.036

PubMed ID: 36157507

Title: GSDMB N-terminal assembles in plasma membrane to execute pyroptotic cell death.

PubMed ID: 36157507

DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.022

PubMed ID: 36899106

Title: Distinct GSDMB protein isoforms and protease cleavage processes differentially control pyroptotic cell death and mitochondrial damage in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 36899106

DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01143-y

PubMed ID: 3237717

Title: Comparative molecular model building of two serine proteinases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 3237717

DOI: 10.1002/prot.340040306

PubMed ID: 12819769

Title: The oligomeric structure of human granzyme A is a determinant of its extended substrate specificity.

PubMed ID: 12819769

DOI: 10.1038/nsb944

PubMed ID: 12819770

Title: Crystal structure of the apoptosis-inducing human granzyme A dimer.

PubMed ID: 12819770

DOI: 10.1038/nsb945

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 262
  • Mass: 28999
  • Checksum: FD773628BA6F301B
  • Sequence:
    • MRNSYRFLAS SLSVVVSLLL IPEDVCEKII GGNEVTPHSR PYMVLLSLDR KTICAGALIA 
KDWVLTAAHC NLNKRSQVIL GAHSITREEP TKQIMLVKKE FPYPCYDPAT REGDLKLLQL 
MEKAKINKYV TILHLPKKGD DVKPGTMCQV AGWGRTHNSA SWSDTLREVN ITIIDRKVCN 
DRNHYNFNPV IGMNMVCAGS LRGGRDSCNG DSGSPLLCEG VFRGVTSFGL ENKCGDPRGP 
GVYILLSKKH LNWIIMTIKG AV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.