Details for: PPP2CA

Gene ID: 5515

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PPP2CA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113575

Description: protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 25.17
    rCSI 51.73%
    PRS 22.05
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 18.6
    rCSI 28.74%
    PRS 21.02
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 18.35
    rCSI 61.47%
    PRS 16.26
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 17.05
    rCSI 15.76%
    PRS 40.46
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 16.2
    rCSI 43.3%
    PRS 18.73
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 15.73
    rCSI 31.92%
    PRS 11.9
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 15.17
    rCSI 12.72%
    PRS 26.64
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 14.19
    rCSI 17.84%
    PRS 34.39
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 13.73
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 20.45
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 13.25
    rCSI 23.64%
    PRS 36.95
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 11.41
    rCSI 15.55%
    PRS 19.73
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 11.26
    rCSI 21.9%
    PRS 23.11
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 10.13
    rCSI 30.22%
    PRS 49.23
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 9.76
    rCSI 20.15%
    PRS 33.4
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 9.75
    rCSI 20.01%
    PRS 46.57
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 9.71
    rCSI 12.51%
    PRS 13.93
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 9.56
    rCSI 18.96%
    PRS 56.17
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 9.36
    rCSI 12.02%
    PRS 21.79
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 9.09
    rCSI 29.48%
    PRS 26.92
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 8.02
    rCSI 11.51%
    PRS 17.43
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 7.57
    rCSI 11.17%
    PRS 34.97
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 7.45
    rCSI 12.51%
    PRS 13.34
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 7.04
    rCSI 13.43%
    PRS 35.18
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 6.83
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 29.93
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 6.8
    rCSI 13.11%
    PRS 50.04
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 6.79
    rCSI 9.43%
    PRS 22.77
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 6.48
    rCSI 5.61%
    PRS 25.43
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 6.22
    rCSI 17.85%
    PRS 34
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 5.89
    rCSI 15.54%
    PRS 26.87
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 5.76
    rCSI 25.61%
    PRS 21.89
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 5.68
    rCSI 9.11%
    PRS 57.24
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 5.61
    rCSI 7.35%
    PRS 32.21
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 5.53
    rCSI 14.04%
    PRS 17.06
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 5.36
    rCSI 4.24%
    PRS 15.44
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 5.54%
    PRS 23.42
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 5.28
    rCSI 8.05%
    PRS 20.74
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 5.26
    rCSI 5.07%
    PRS 16.41
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 5.11
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 27.37
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 4.88
    rCSI 15.25%
    PRS 14.19
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 4.83
    rCSI 15.1%
    PRS 15.29
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 4.73
    rCSI 11.23%
    PRS 27.83
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 4.72
    rCSI 6.53%
    PRS 31.14
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 4.69
    rCSI 10.37%
    PRS 16.05
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 22.92%
    PRS 30.3
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 4.52
    rCSI 7.98%
    PRS 29.26
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 4.37
    rCSI 9.06%
    PRS 22.46
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 4.23
    rCSI 4.15%
    PRS 35.06
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 11.31%
    PRS 20.98
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 5.07%
    PRS 31.79
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 4.07
    rCSI 4.26%
    PRS 21.01
  • CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 2.92%
    PRS 58.45
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 4.69%
    PRS 19.73
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 3.66
    rCSI 18.92%
    PRS 43.27
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.63
    rCSI 3.79%
    PRS 23.07
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 4.01%
    PRS 31.46
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 3.41
    rCSI 29.36%
    PRS 12.15
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 39.98
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 21.08
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 4.74%
    PRS 25.23
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 3.26
    rCSI 6.17%
    PRS 46.36
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 3.24
    rCSI 9.37%
    PRS 45.84
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 31.78
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 9.44%
    PRS 26.45
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 3.19
    rCSI 17.44%
    PRS 33.9
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 3.11
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 34.42
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 6.92%
    PRS 23.13
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 3.01
    rCSI 3.75%
    PRS 12.49
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 21.7
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 6.73%
    PRS 19.28
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 9.49%
    PRS 23.36
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 4.75%
    PRS 22.67
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 40.66
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 7.21%
    PRS 20.92
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 2.78
    rCSI 2.06%
    PRS 33.21
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 2.19%
    PRS 22.7
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 22.93
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 29.35%
    PRS 42.23
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 36.15
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 33.25
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 30.23
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 28.16
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 24.11
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 2.15%
    PRS 54.63
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 3.45%
    PRS 25.04
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 9.68%
    PRS 36.89
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 22.69
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.46
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 28.88
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 2.44
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 35.79
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 24.16
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 1.64%
    PRS 27.97
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 57.22
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 27.25
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.02%
    PRS 35.61
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 16.36
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 3.38%
    PRS 20.84
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 2.35
    rCSI 1.78%
    PRS 31.01
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 1.56%
    PRS 51.62
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 5.94%
    PRS 22.44
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 5.24%
    PRS 13.95
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 4.37%
    PRS 16.21
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.1%
    PRS 19.0%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 42.5%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 61.2%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 51.9%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 40.4%
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 54.4%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 57.1%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 15.2%
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 65.9%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 17.7%
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 72.0%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 36.6%
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 38.0%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 29.9%
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 62.0%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 22.8%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 17.2%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 48.4%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 46.0%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 33.0%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 62.9%
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 62.9%
  • CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 65.5%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 38.6%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 57.6%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 20.8%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 17.3%
  • lung goblet cell CL1000143
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 63.5%
  • pancreatic epsilon cell CL0005019
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 47.6%
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 68.2%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 40.8%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 38.7%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 36.2%
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 33.3%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.2%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 16.2%
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 15.1%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 38.9%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 40.2%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 45.8%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 40.6%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 23.5%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 37.8%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 47.4%
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 25.6%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 21.9%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 23.8%
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 42.9%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 33.9%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 27.1%
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 16.4%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 39.1%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 17.2%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 14.5%
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 23.3%
    PRS 60.3%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 13.2%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 28.5%
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 33.9%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 34.2%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 30.0%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 25.7%
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 36.1%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 27.7%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 12.6%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 38.9%
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 24.2%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 43.1%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 22.0%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 44.8%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 29.5%
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 50.9%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 33.2%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 13.1%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 13.2%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 16.6%
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 21.4%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 35.2%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 22.6%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 43.3%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 25.5%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 42.8%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 14.0%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 13.2%
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 67.5%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 22.6%
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 19.1%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 24.0%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 26.7%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 25.7%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 18.6%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 20.7%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 25.5%
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 33.6%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 52.5%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 42.2%
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 20.7%
    PRS 50.3%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 24.7%
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 31.6%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 45.0%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 30.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) encodes the alpha isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine phosphatase that plays a crucial role in a vast array of cellular processes. As a core component of the PP2A holoenzyme, it is responsible for dephosphorylating a wide range of protein substrates, thereby regulating fundamental pathways including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and metabolism. Its broad and high expression across diverse tissues is consistent with a vital housekeeping function. **Overall**, the gene shows particularly high significance in cell types with high metabolic and signaling activity, such as [glutamatergic neurons](/details-cell/CL0000679), [placental villous trophoblasts](/details-cell/CL2000060), and [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0000896), underscoring its indispensable role in neuronal function, development, and immune regulation. Clinical associations for this gene are noted in OMIM ([176915](https://omim.org/entry/176915)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) highlights its ubiquitous and essential nature. **Overall**, it demonstrates high significance across functionally distinct cell lineages, suggesting a central role in cellular physiology rather than being a marker for a specific cell type. Its highest significance is observed in [glutamatergic neurons](/details-cell/CL0000679) and [GABAergic neurons](/details-cell/CL0000617), indicating a critical function in the central nervous system, likely related to regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal signaling. The gene also shows high significance in various epithelial and specialized cell types, including [placental villous trophoblasts](/details-cell/CL2000060), [parietal epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL1000452), [ependymal cells](/details-cell/CL0000065), and [keratinocytes](/details-cell/CL0000312), pointing to its involvement in barrier function, transport, and tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) is highly significant in the immune system, particularly in [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0000896), [alternatively activated macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000890), [germinal center B cells](/details-cell/CL0000844), and [innate lymphoid cells](/details-cell/CL0001065). This pattern suggests it is a key regulator of immune cell activation, differentiation, and effector function. Its prominence in progenitor cells, such as [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells](/details-cell/CL0000050), is consistent with its established role in cell cycle control and differentiation. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) reflect its role as the catalytic core of the PP2A complex, a master regulator in cellular signaling. Its primary molecular functions are [protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity](/details-go/GO:0004722) and [phosphoprotein phosphatase activity](/details-go/GO:0004721). [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) is a component of the [protein phosphatase type 2A complex](/details-go/GO:0000159), which is localized to numerous cellular compartments including the [cytosol](/details-go/GO:0005829), [nucleus](/details-go/GO:0005634), [plasma membrane](/details-go/GO:0005886), and [mitochondrion](/details-go/GO:0005739). The gene's involvement in a vast number of biological processes is extensive: * **Cell Cycle Regulation:** [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) is integral to the [Cell cycle](/details-pathway/R-HSA-1640170), participating in the [G1/S transition](/details-pathway/R-HSA-69206), [mitotic spindle checkpoint](/details-pathway/R-HSA-69618), and [separation of sister chromatids](/details-pathway/R-HSA-2467813). This aligns with research showing its role in centromeric cohesion protection ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04663), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.010)). * **Signal Transduction:** It acts as a key negative regulator in multiple critical signaling cascades, including the [MAPK family signaling cascades](/details-pathway/R-HSA-5683057), [Signaling by Wnt](/details-pathway/R-HSA-195721), and the PI3K/AKT pathway ([Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network](/details-pathway/R-HSA-199418)). Its function in dephosphorylating key signaling components is crucial for terminating signals and maintaining cellular homeostasis. * **Immune System Modulation:** The gene is a participant in both the [Innate immune system](/details-pathway/R-HSA-168249) and [Adaptive immune system](/details-pathway/R-HSA-1280218). It is involved in [Toll-like receptor cascades](/details-pathway/R-HSA-168898) and pathways governing T cell function, such as [Costimulation by the CD28 family](/details-pathway/R-HSA-388841) and [T cell homeostasis](/details-go/GO:0043029). * **Metabolism:** [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) regulates metabolic pathways, including [Glycolysis](/details-pathway/R-HSA-70171), via [PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of key metabolic factors](/details-pathway/R-HSA-163767). ## Research Directions The ubiquitous and fundamental nature of [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) presents numerous avenues for investigation, particularly in understanding how its activity is tailored to specific cellular contexts. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in both [glutamatergic](/details-cell/CL0000679) and [GABAergic neurons](/details-cell/CL0000617) and its annotated function in [GABA receptor binding](/details-go/GO:0050811), we hypothesize that [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) activity is spatially and temporally regulated at the synapse to control the phosphorylation state of neurotransmitter receptors and associated scaffolding proteins, thereby modulating synaptic strength and plasticity. 2. Based on its high significance in [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0000896) and its role in [T cell homeostasis](/details-go/GO:0043029), we hypothesize that [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) is a critical component of a negative feedback loop that deactivates TCR signaling pathways. Its activity may increase post-activation to dephosphorylate kinases like LCK and ZAP70, thus preventing immune hyper-activation and promoting a return to quiescence. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis regarding its role in T cell signaling, a conditional knockout of [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) in murine T cells (e.g., using a *Cd4-Cre* driver) would be highly informative. Primary T cells from these mice could be isolated and activated *in vitro* with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. A time-course analysis using phosphoproteomics or targeted Western blots would reveal the phosphorylation dynamics of key TCR signaling intermediates (e.g., LCK, ZAP70, SLP-76, AKT). Functional assays measuring IL-2 production (ELISA), proliferation (CFSE dilution), and expression of activation markers (flow cytometry) would determine if the loss of [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) leads to sustained, hyper-activated signaling and effector function. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a ubiquitous and essential phosphatase, global inhibition of [PPP2CA](/details-gene/5515) would likely be highly toxic. However, its function is often subverted in cancer, where it acts as a tumor suppressor by dephosphorylating oncoproteins. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are focused on **activation** rather than inhibition. The development of small-molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) that specifically stabilize the PP2A holoenzyme, restoring its tumor-suppressive functions, represents a promising approach for treating various malignancies. Targeting specific PP2A complexes by modulating its interaction with distinct regulatory subunits could offer a more precise and less toxic therapeutic window.

Genular Protein ID: 4267947468

Symbol: PP2AA_HUMAN

Name: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2849764

Title: The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the human lung protein phosphatase 2A alpha catalytic subunit.

PubMed ID: 2849764

DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.23.11365

PubMed ID: 2837763

Title: Human liver phosphatase 2A: cDNA and amino acid sequence of two catalytic subunit isotypes.

PubMed ID: 2837763

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4252

PubMed ID: 1846293

Title: Structure and transcriptional regulation of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit genes.

PubMed ID: 1846293

DOI: 10.1021/bi00215a014

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1848668

Title: Dephosphorylation of simian virus 40 large-T antigen and p53 protein by protein phosphatase 2A: inhibition by small-t antigen.

PubMed ID: 1848668

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.4.1996-2003.1991

PubMed ID: 8206937

Title: The catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A is carboxyl-methylated in vivo.

PubMed ID: 8206937

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34009-7

PubMed ID: 9647778

Title: Alpha 4 associates with protein phosphatases 2A, 4, and 6.

PubMed ID: 9647778

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8792

PubMed ID: 10191253

Title: Methylated C-terminal leucine residue of PP2A catalytic subunit is important for binding of regulatory Balpha subunit.

PubMed ID: 10191253

DOI: 10.1042/bj3390241

PubMed ID: 2555176

Title: Activation of SV40 DNA replication in vitro by cellular protein phosphatase 2A.

PubMed ID: 2555176

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08568.x

PubMed ID: 9920888

Title: Identification of a domain of Axin that binds to the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A and a self-binding domain.

PubMed ID: 9920888

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.6.3439

PubMed ID: 10801873

Title: Raf-1-associated protein phosphatase 2A as a positive regulator of kinase activation.

PubMed ID: 10801873

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003259200

PubMed ID: 16580887

Title: PP2A is required for centromeric localization of Sgo1 and proper chromosome segregation.

PubMed ID: 16580887

DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.010

PubMed ID: 16258073

Title: A direct interaction between the N terminus of adenylyl cyclase AC8 and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A.

PubMed ID: 16258073

DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.018275

PubMed ID: 16541025

Title: Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin.

PubMed ID: 16541025

DOI: 10.1038/nature04663

PubMed ID: 12473674

Title: Protein phosphatase 2A regulates the stability of Pim protein kinases.

PubMed ID: 12473674

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208246200

PubMed ID: 17245430

Title: A specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56gamma, mediates DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55.

PubMed ID: 17245430

DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601519

PubMed ID: 17485487

Title: Tripin/hSgo2 recruits MCAK to the inner centromere to correct defective kinetochore attachments.

PubMed ID: 17485487

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200701122

PubMed ID: 17974561

Title: Tesk1 interacts with Spry2 to abrogate its inhibition of ERK phosphorylation downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.

PubMed ID: 17974561

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705457200

PubMed ID: 19818709

Title: Alpha4 is an essential regulator of PP2A phosphatase activity.

PubMed ID: 19818709

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.09.025

PubMed ID: 20092282

Title: Alpha4 is a ubiquitin-binding protein that regulates protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A ubiquitination.

PubMed ID: 20092282

DOI: 10.1021/bi901837h

PubMed ID: 20080667

Title: Role of DAB2IP in modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and prostate cancer metastasis.

PubMed ID: 20080667

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908133107

PubMed ID: 22167190

Title: Identification and characterization of an alternatively spliced isoform of the human protein phosphatase 2Aalpha catalytic subunit.

PubMed ID: 22167190

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.283341

PubMed ID: 22613722

Title: Monoubiquitination promotes calpain cleavage of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit alpha4, altering PP2A stability and microtubule-associated protein phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 22613722

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.368613

PubMed ID: 25803737

Title: AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 interplay in the crosstalk between autophagy and cell proliferation.

PubMed ID: 25803737

DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1021526

PubMed ID: 25438055

Title: AMBRA1 links autophagy to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by promoting c-Myc dephosphorylation and degradation.

PubMed ID: 25438055

DOI: 10.1038/ncb3072

PubMed ID: 27588481

Title: FAM122A, a new endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A.

PubMed ID: 27588481

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11698

PubMed ID: 28609714

Title: MFHAS1 suppresses TLR4 signaling pathway via induction of PP2A C subunit cytoplasm translocation and inhibition of c-Jun dephosphorylation at Thr239.

PubMed ID: 28609714

DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.017

PubMed ID: 30513302

Title: AMBRA1 controls regulatory T-cell differentiation and homeostasis upstream of the FOXO3-FOXP3 axis.

PubMed ID: 30513302

DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.010

PubMed ID: 30611118

Title: Mitogenic Signals Stimulate the CREB Coactivator CRTC3 through PP2A Recruitment.

PubMed ID: 30611118

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.012

PubMed ID: 30115741

Title: Metabolic control of regulatory T cell stability and function by TRAF3IP3 at the lysosome.

PubMed ID: 30115741

DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180397

PubMed ID: 33108758

Title: CHK1 Inhibitor Blocks Phosphorylation of FAM122A and Promotes Replication Stress.

PubMed ID: 33108758

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.008

PubMed ID: 37761890

Title: Novel Variants of PPP2R1A in Catalytic Subunit Binding Domain and Genotype-Phenotype Analysis in Neurodevelopmentally Delayed Patients.

PubMed ID: 37761890

DOI: 10.3390/genes14091750

PubMed ID: 17055435

Title: Structure of protein phosphatase 2A core enzyme bound to tumor-inducing toxins.

PubMed ID: 17055435

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.025

PubMed ID: 18394995

Title: Structural mechanism of demethylation and inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A.

PubMed ID: 18394995

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.041

PubMed ID: 25003389

Title: Structural basis for PTPA interaction with the invariant C-terminal tail of PP2A.

PubMed ID: 25003389

DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0106

PubMed ID: 33633399

Title: Cryo-EM structure of the Hippo signaling integrator human STRIPAK.

PubMed ID: 33633399

DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00564-y

PubMed ID: 30595372

Title: De novo mutations affecting the catalytic C alpha subunit of PP2A, PPP2CA, cause syndromic intellectual disability resembling other PP2A-related neurodevelopmental disorders.

PubMed ID: 30595372

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.002

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 309
  • Mass: 35594
  • Checksum: C602291F78F34555
  • Sequence:
  • MDEKVFTKEL DQWIEQLNEC KQLSESQVKS LCEKAKEILT KESNVQEVRC PVTVCGDVHG 
    QFHDLMELFR IGGKSPDTNY LFMGDYVDRG YYSVETVTLL VALKVRYRER ITILRGNHES 
    RQITQVYGFY DECLRKYGNA NVWKYFTDLF DYLPLTALVD GQIFCLHGGL SPSIDTLDHI 
    RALDRLQEVP HEGPMCDLLW SDPDDRGGWG ISPRGAGYTF GQDISETFNH ANGLTLVSRA 
    HQLVMEGYNW CHDRNVVTIF SAPNYCYRCG NQAAIMELDD TLKYSFLQFD PAPRRGEPHV 
    TRRTPDYFL