PZP | ENSG00000126838 | NCBI 5858

Details for: PZP

Gene ID: 5858

Symbol: PZP

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126838

Description: PZP alpha-2-macroglobulin like

Associated with

Blood microparticle
(GO:0072562)
Collagen-containing extracellular matrix
(GO:0062023)
Endopeptidase inhibitor activity
(GO:0004866)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Extracellular region
(GO:0005576)
Extracellular space
(GO:0005615)
Female pregnancy
(GO:0007565)
Negative regulation of peptidase activity
(GO:0010466)
Protease binding
(GO:0002020)
Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
(GO:0004867)

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
Fold Change: 45.7102
Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
Fold Change: 28.0709
Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
Fold Change: 15.4828
Cell Significance Index: -6.2900
Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
Fold Change: 6.5882
Cell Significance Index: -6.2900
Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
Fold Change: 6.2666
Cell Significance Index: 326.4200
Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
Fold Change: 5.7666
Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
Fold Change: 2.5307
Cell Significance Index: 42.6300
Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
Fold Change: 1.3005
Cell Significance Index: 33.4300
Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
Fold Change: 0.6409
Cell Significance Index: 20.2700
Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
Fold Change: 0.3323
Cell Significance Index: 7.9700
Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
Fold Change: 0.3265
Cell Significance Index: 20.0700
Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
Fold Change: 0.2003
Cell Significance Index: 40.1900
Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
Fold Change: 0.1461
Cell Significance Index: 11.2100
Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
Fold Change: 0.1382
Cell Significance Index: 2.0400
Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
Fold Change: 0.0898
Cell Significance Index: 5.0400
Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
Fold Change: 0.0793
Cell Significance Index: 28.4500
Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
Fold Change: 0.0527
Cell Significance Index: 97.2000
Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
Fold Change: 0.0442
Cell Significance Index: 8.7700
Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
Fold Change: 0.0440
Cell Significance Index: 67.6700
Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
Fold Change: 0.0276
Cell Significance Index: 37.4700
Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
Fold Change: 0.0174
Cell Significance Index: 2.5300
Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
Fold Change: 0.0148
Cell Significance Index: 27.8700
Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
Fold Change: 0.0006
Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
Fold Change: -0.0028
Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
Fold Change: -0.0037
Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
Fold Change: -0.0055
Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
Fold Change: -0.0082
Cell Significance Index: -6.0700
Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
Fold Change: -0.0092
Cell Significance Index: -6.9600
Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
Fold Change: -0.0117
Cell Significance Index: -6.6200
Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
Fold Change: -0.0119
Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
Fold Change: -0.0127
Cell Significance Index: -6.9500
Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
Fold Change: -0.0185
Cell Significance Index: -5.3100
Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
Fold Change: -0.0216
Cell Significance Index: -3.6800
Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
Fold Change: -0.0253
Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
Fold Change: -0.0263
Cell Significance Index: -4.7500
Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
Fold Change: -0.0291
Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
Fold Change: -0.0330
Cell Significance Index: -6.9600
Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
Fold Change: -0.0444
Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
Fold Change: -0.0452
Cell Significance Index: -5.5600
Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
Fold Change: -0.0482
Cell Significance Index: -5.6200
Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
Fold Change: -0.0508
Cell Significance Index: -6.9700
Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
Fold Change: -0.0530
Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
Fold Change: -0.0546
Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
Fold Change: -0.0565
Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
Fold Change: -0.0570
Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
Fold Change: -0.0617
Cell Significance Index: -6.3000
Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
Fold Change: -0.0619
Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
Fold Change: -0.0627
Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
Fold Change: -0.0687
Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
Fold Change: -0.0858
Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
Fold Change: -0.0876
Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
Fold Change: -0.0926
Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
Cell Name: immature NK T cell (CL0000914)
Fold Change: -0.0953
Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
Fold Change: -0.0979
Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
Fold Change: -0.0996
Cell Significance Index: -4.6500
Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
Fold Change: -0.1077
Cell Significance Index: -6.9500
Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
Fold Change: -0.1123
Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
Fold Change: -0.1145
Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
Fold Change: -0.1165
Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
Fold Change: -0.1167
Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
Fold Change: -0.1181
Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
Fold Change: -0.1192
Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
Fold Change: -0.1220
Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
Fold Change: -0.1250
Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
Fold Change: -0.1280
Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
Fold Change: -0.1366
Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
Fold Change: -0.1390
Cell Significance Index: -7.2200
Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
Fold Change: -0.1413
Cell Significance Index: -4.9500
Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
Fold Change: -0.1441
Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
Fold Change: -0.1447
Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
Fold Change: -0.1561
Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
Fold Change: -0.1722
Cell Significance Index: -6.3200
Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
Fold Change: -0.1735
Cell Significance Index: -4.9500
Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
Fold Change: -0.1803
Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
Fold Change: -0.1818
Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
Fold Change: -0.1828
Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
Fold Change: -0.1836
Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
Fold Change: -0.1941
Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
Fold Change: -0.1943
Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
Fold Change: -0.1944
Cell Significance Index: -5.1900
Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
Fold Change: -0.1957
Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
Fold Change: -0.1984
Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
Fold Change: -0.2017
Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
Fold Change: -0.2043
Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
Fold Change: -0.2074
Cell Significance Index: -4.4800
Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
Fold Change: -0.2130
Cell Significance Index: -5.3200
Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
Fold Change: -0.2134
Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
Fold Change: -0.2137
Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
Fold Change: -0.2149
Cell Significance Index: -6.3300
Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
Fold Change: -0.2245
Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
Fold Change: -0.2250
Cell Significance Index: -3.6300
Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
Fold Change: -0.2256
Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
Fold Change: -0.2287
Cell Significance Index: -6.5600
Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
Fold Change: -0.2357
Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
Fold Change: -0.2397
Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
Fold Change: -0.2501
Cell Significance Index: -6.6900
Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
Fold Change: -0.2574
Cell Significance Index: -6.4200
Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
Fold Change: -0.2601
Cell Significance Index: -6.8400
Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
Fold Change: -0.2607
Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
Fold Change: -0.2617
Cell Significance Index: -3.6300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Other Information

Description

**Key Characteristics:** PZP is a large plasma protein (approximately 550 kDa) that belongs to the alpha-2-macroglobulin family. It is characterized by its ability to bind to and inhibit a wide range of proteases, including serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartic proteases. This inhibitory function is mediated through its catalytic site, which forms a covalent complex with the target protease. PZP is also known for its ability to regulate cell signaling, modulate immune responses, and participate in the clearance of extracellular pathogens. **Pathways and Functions:** PZP's regulatory functions are multifaceted and involve various signaling pathways. Some of the key pathways and functions include: * **Endopeptidase inhibition:** PZP's primary function is to inhibit endopeptidases, which are enzymes responsible for protein degradation. By inhibiting these enzymes, PZP regulates the degradation of various proteins, including growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. * **Cell signaling:** PZP modulates cell signaling by binding to growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, and other signaling molecules. This binding inhibits or activates signaling pathways, depending on the context. * **Immune regulation:** PZP participates in immune responses by regulating the activity of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages. It also modulates the production of cytokines and chemokines, which are essential for immune cell activation and regulation. * **Tissue remodeling:** PZP's regulatory functions also involve tissue remodeling, particularly in the extracellular matrix. It modulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other enzymes involved in matrix degradation and remodeling. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** PZP is expressed in various cell types, including: * Lung endothelial cells * Retinal cone cells * Lymphocytes * Mural cells * Erythroid lineage cells * Cardiac endothelial cells * Granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells * Memory T cells * Plasmablasts * Cerebral cortex GABAergic interneurons These cells express PZP as part of their normal physiological functions or in response to specific stimuli. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of PZP has been implicated in various diseases, including: * Cancer: PZP's regulatory functions have been linked to cancer progression, metastasis, and immune evasion. * Inflammatory disorders: PZP's role in immune regulation has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. * Neurological disorders: PZP's involvement in neuronal signaling and tissue remodeling has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. * Cardiovascular diseases: PZP's regulatory functions in the extracellular matrix have been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular remodeling. In conclusion, the PZP gene is a vital component of the extracellular matrix, and its dysregulation has significant implications for various diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying PZP's regulatory functions and its clinical significance in different diseases.

Disclaimer: This summary is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.