RPL21 | ENSG00000122026 | NCBI 6144

Details for: RPL21

Gene ID: 6144

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: RPL21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122026

Description: ribosomal protein L21

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Axon guidance
(R-HSA-422475)
Cap-dependent translation initiation
(R-HSA-72737)
Cellular responses to stimuli
(R-HSA-8953897)
Cellular responses to stress
(R-HSA-2262752)
Cellular response to starvation
(R-HSA-9711097)
Developmental biology
(R-HSA-1266738)
Disease
(R-HSA-1643685)
Eukaryotic translation elongation
(R-HSA-156842)
Eukaryotic translation initiation
(R-HSA-72613)
Eukaryotic translation termination
(R-HSA-72764)
Formation of a pool of free 40s subunits
(R-HSA-72689)
Gtp hydrolysis and joining of the 60s ribosomal subunit
(R-HSA-72706)
Infectious disease
(R-HSA-5663205)
Influenza infection
(R-HSA-168255)
Influenza viral rna transcription and replication
(R-HSA-168273)
L13a-mediated translational silencing of ceruloplasmin expression
(R-HSA-156827)
Major pathway of rrna processing in the nucleolus and cytosol
(R-HSA-6791226)
Metabolism
(R-HSA-1430728)
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
(R-HSA-71291)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Metabolism of rna
(R-HSA-8953854)
Nervous system development
(R-HSA-9675108)
Nonsense-mediated decay (nmd)
(R-HSA-927802)
Nonsense mediated decay (nmd) enhanced by the exon junction complex (ejc)
(R-HSA-975957)
Nonsense mediated decay (nmd) independent of the exon junction complex (ejc)
(R-HSA-975956)
Peptide chain elongation
(R-HSA-156902)
Regulation of expression of slits and robos
(R-HSA-9010553)
Response of eif2ak4 (gcn2) to amino acid deficiency
(R-HSA-9633012)
Rrna processing
(R-HSA-72312)
Rrna processing in the nucleus and cytosol
(R-HSA-8868773)
Selenoamino acid metabolism
(R-HSA-2408522)
Selenocysteine synthesis
(R-HSA-2408557)
Signaling by robo receptors
(R-HSA-376176)
Srp-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
(R-HSA-1799339)
Viral infection pathways
(R-HSA-9824446)
Viral mrna translation
(R-HSA-192823)
Cytoplasm
(GO:0005737)
Cytoplasmic translation
(GO:0002181)
Cytosol
(GO:0005829)
Cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
(GO:0022625)
Cytosolic ribosome
(GO:0022626)
Endoplasmic reticulum
(GO:0005783)
Membrane
(GO:0016020)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Rna binding
(GO:0003723)
Structural constituent of ribosome
(GO:0003735)
Synapse
(GO:0045202)
Translation
(GO:0006412)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037

CSI 127.79

rCSI 84.94%

PRS 2.36
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 110.86

rCSI 83.86%

PRS 2.79
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 105.41

rCSI 74.03%

PRS 6.07
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 104.49

rCSI 90.47%

PRS 2.22
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 104.47

rCSI 80.99%

PRS 1.9
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 104.07

rCSI 80.95%

PRS 2.86
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 102.18

rCSI 85.65%

PRS 2.39
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 96.87

rCSI 78.33%

PRS 1.95
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 96.28

rCSI 67.23%

PRS 2.09
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 94.58

rCSI 71.06%

PRS 2.04
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 94.04

rCSI 77.96%

PRS 1.87
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 93.62

rCSI 74.99%

PRS 3.73
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 92.3

rCSI 73.29%

PRS 3.54
CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939

CSI 92.12

rCSI 61.4%

PRS 5.64
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 91.71

rCSI 88.28%

PRS 2.07
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI 89.37

rCSI 87.9%

PRS 2.2
T follicular helper cell CL0002038

CSI 88.59

rCSI 66.3%

PRS 3.26
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 88.05

rCSI 69.27%

PRS 2.36
naive B cell CL0000788

CSI 87.4

rCSI 74.96%

PRS 6.47
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 87.15

rCSI 91.09%

PRS 2.14
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 85.26

rCSI 74.97%

PRS 1.44
neural crest cell CL0011012

CSI 84.78

rCSI 67.01%

PRS 1.38
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 84.56

rCSI 76.36%

PRS 1.75
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 84.3

rCSI 85.91%

PRS 2.89
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 82.73

rCSI 55.74%

PRS 2.4
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 82.62

rCSI 71.82%

PRS 2.44
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 82.61

rCSI 61.38%

PRS 2.97
memory B cell CL0000787

CSI 82.15

rCSI 81.12%

PRS 8.82
pancreatic A cell CL0000171

CSI 80.79

rCSI 84.63%

PRS 2.15
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 80.58

rCSI 60.42%

PRS 6
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 76.73

rCSI 68.11%

PRS 1.99
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 75.77

rCSI 88.99%

PRS 2.43
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 74.59

rCSI 93.62%

PRS 2.52
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 74.23

rCSI 65.19%

PRS 2.22
mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940

CSI 73.13

rCSI 59.09%

PRS 5.22
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 70.82

rCSI 57.54%

PRS 2.09
central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904

CSI 69.72

rCSI 41.18%

PRS 2.78
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 69.58

rCSI 58.54%

PRS 3.35
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 67.61

rCSI 92.12%

PRS 1.82
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 67.59

rCSI 55.98%

PRS 1.99
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 64.82

rCSI 45.11%

PRS 2.9
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 64.34

rCSI 79.59%

PRS 1.76
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 62.56

rCSI 44.91%

PRS 2.71
naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000895

CSI 62.38

rCSI 78.39%

PRS 10.97
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 62.17

rCSI 46.41%

PRS 3.37
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 61.92

rCSI 47.1%

PRS 2.64
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 61.71

rCSI 61.59%

PRS 1.68
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 61.66

rCSI 88.87%

PRS 3.24
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 59.4

rCSI 52.03%

PRS 2.68
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909

CSI 59.21

rCSI 61.84%

PRS 6.42
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 59.21

rCSI 79.12%

PRS 3.8
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 59.12

rCSI 75.62%

PRS 9.26
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 59

rCSI 56.73%

PRS 4.35
enteroendocrine cell CL0000164

CSI 58.85

rCSI 80.42%

PRS 2.2
gamma-delta T cell CL0000798

CSI 58.42

rCSI 68.61%

PRS 20.24
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 57.89

rCSI 65.15%

PRS 3.35
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 56.92

rCSI 43.85%

PRS 1.79
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 56.58

rCSI 81.61%

PRS 2.76
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 55.95

rCSI 51.37%

PRS 2.28
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 55.62

rCSI 63.67%

PRS 4.14
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 55.43

rCSI 54.49%

PRS 5.96
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000624

CSI 55.36

rCSI 70.85%

PRS 43.91
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 55.35

rCSI 57.34%

PRS 2.33
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 55.05

rCSI 85.07%

PRS 1.88
goblet cell CL0000160

CSI 54.93

rCSI 51.9%

PRS 2.08
neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 54.91

rCSI 63.41%

PRS 1.86
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 53.88

rCSI 37.46%

PRS 2.32
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 53.78

rCSI 97.07%

PRS 6.26
myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782

CSI 53.47

rCSI 77.46%

PRS 2.92
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 53.39

rCSI 64.49%

PRS 2.3
enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504

CSI 53.33

rCSI 76.11%

PRS 2.27
B cell CL0000236

CSI 53.19

rCSI 71.17%

PRS 12.33
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 53.15

rCSI 55.68%

PRS 1.86
M cell of gut CL0000682

CSI 52.65

rCSI 55.94%

PRS 3.6
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 52.25

rCSI 71.43%

PRS 2.28
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 51.55

rCSI 53.79%

PRS 2.03
CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811

CSI 51.31

rCSI 80.01%

PRS 5.21
dendritic cell CL0000451

CSI 51.23

rCSI 63.12%

PRS 6.66
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 51.04

rCSI 42.6%

PRS 6.67
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 50.48

rCSI 67.1%

PRS 2.18
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 50.35

rCSI 46.55%

PRS 3.65
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 49.73

rCSI 68.87%

PRS 2.87
endothelial cell of artery CL1000413

CSI 49.61

rCSI 72.68%

PRS 12.28
plasma cell CL0000786

CSI 49.56

rCSI 64.95%

PRS 10.88
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049

CSI 49.27

rCSI 84.28%

PRS 4.44
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 48.2

rCSI 52.79%

PRS 2.34
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 47.74

rCSI 76.99%

PRS 3.24
epithelial cell CL0000066

CSI 47.39

rCSI 72.82%

PRS 2.9
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 47.22

rCSI 57.21%

PRS 3.11
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 47.05

rCSI 80.61%

PRS 2.65
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 46.82

rCSI 71.61%

PRS 3.26
IgG plasma cell CL0000985

CSI 46.09

rCSI 55.21%

PRS 3.45
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031

CSI 46.03

rCSI 59.07%

PRS 2
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 44.87

rCSI 71.65%

PRS 2.17
Langerhans cell CL0000453

CSI 44.8

rCSI 68.43%

PRS 3.48
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 44.56

rCSI 38.42%

PRS 3.33
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 44.56

rCSI 47.76%

PRS 1.83
conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432

CSI 44.29

rCSI 67.65%

PRS 2.01
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 44.18

rCSI 41.12%

PRS 1.98
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 44.12

rCSI 60.1%

PRS 4.99

inhibitory interneuron CL0000498

CSI -32.2

rCSI -74.3%

PRS 2.0%
astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605

CSI -29.8

rCSI -66.7%

PRS 1.3%
cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012

CSI -27.3

rCSI -100.0%

PRS 2.8%
VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016

CSI -27.1

rCSI -32.4%

PRS 1.3%
L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040

CSI -23.3

rCSI -56.6%

PRS 1.3%
pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018

CSI -22.3

rCSI -27.8%

PRS 1.2%
sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015

CSI -22.1

rCSI -35.5%

PRS 1.5%
cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008

CSI -18.5

rCSI -74.6%

PRS 2.4%
kidney collecting duct principal cell CL1001431

CSI -17.4

rCSI -87.8%

PRS 14.0%
adipocyte CL0000136

CSI -17.2

rCSI -22.1%

PRS 2.7%
kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695

CSI -16.8

rCSI -43.7%

PRS 2.5%
epicardial adipocyte CL1000309

CSI -16.5

rCSI -53.8%

PRS 3.6%
GABAergic neuron CL0000617

CSI -15.8

rCSI -52.9%

PRS 2.2%
differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059

CSI -15.5

rCSI -28.1%

PRS 2.3%
renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318

CSI -14.8

rCSI -40.8%

PRS 2.3%
neural cell CL0002319

CSI -14.8

rCSI -55.7%

PRS 4.7%
L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038

CSI -14.6

rCSI -45.7%

PRS 1.4%
hepatic stellate cell CL0000632

CSI -12.5

rCSI -46.9%

PRS 1.7%
kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432

CSI -9.6

rCSI -68.5%

PRS 9.3%
periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026

CSI -9.2

rCSI -35.8%

PRS 3.5%
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI -8.2

rCSI -52.7%

PRS 5.7%
kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106

CSI -8.1

rCSI -69.9%

PRS 5.6%
mature astrocyte CL0002627

CSI -8.0

rCSI -34.0%

PRS 5.3%
platelet CL0000233

CSI -7.6

rCSI -31.4%

PRS 6.3%
OFFx cell CL4033036

CSI -7.5

rCSI -35.2%

PRS 5.7%
near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012

CSI -7.5

rCSI -28.2%

PRS 1.4%
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI -7.4

rCSI -12.7%

PRS 1.5%
invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034

CSI -7.0

rCSI -41.6%

PRS 5.0%
chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036

CSI -6.7

rCSI -20.8%

PRS 1.5%
cell of skeletal muscle CL0000188

CSI -6.2

rCSI -67.4%

PRS 14.6%
S cone cell CL0003050

CSI -6.2

rCSI -27.2%

PRS 2.3%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI -6.2

rCSI -38.4%

PRS 1.7%
starburst amacrine cell CL0004232

CSI -5.8

rCSI -48.9%

PRS 5.4%
diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032

CSI -5.3

rCSI -27.8%

PRS 6.0%
lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011

CSI -5.1

rCSI -8.5%

PRS 1.3%
diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027

CSI -5.0

rCSI -37.4%

PRS 4.8%
ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052

CSI -4.7

rCSI -66.1%

PRS 1.7%
squamous epithelial cell CL0000076

CSI -4.4

rCSI -10.5%

PRS 2.7%
flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033

CSI -3.9

rCSI -28.1%

PRS 4.9%
glutamatergic neuron CL0000679

CSI -3.7

rCSI -7.5%

PRS 2.4%
corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013

CSI -3.6

rCSI -21.4%

PRS 1.5%
glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028

CSI -3.4

rCSI -8.9%

PRS 3.2%
kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111

CSI -3.4

rCSI -4.8%

PRS 1.9%
retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748

CSI -3.0

rCSI -5.6%

PRS 1.7%
midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028

CSI -3.0

rCSI -7.0%

PRS 3.6%
kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849

CSI -2.4

rCSI -25.5%

PRS 3.6%
cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006

CSI -2.3

rCSI -16.5%

PRS 6.5%
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI -2.3

rCSI -12.5%

PRS 5.4%
podocyte CL0000653

CSI -2.2

rCSI -9.6%

PRS 2.0%
diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031

CSI -1.8

rCSI -20.7%

PRS 6.0%
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI -1.7

rCSI -3.2%

PRS 3.2%
ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046

CSI -1.3

rCSI -26.7%

PRS 2.5%
rod bipolar cell CL0000751

CSI -1.3

rCSI -2.3%

PRS 1.8%
cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095

CSI -1.3

rCSI -24.7%

PRS 17.6%
Bergmann glial cell CL0000644

CSI -1.3

rCSI -1.7%

PRS 2.3%
endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid CL0019021

CSI -1.2

rCSI -5.4%

PRS 8.1%
GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027

CSI -1.0

rCSI -3.4%

PRS 2.9%
Schwann cell CL0002573

CSI -0.9

rCSI -2.5%

PRS 2.8%
direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026

CSI -0.9

rCSI -20.3%

PRS 1.1%
OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047

CSI -0.8

rCSI -17.1%

PRS 2.7%
diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028

CSI -0.8

rCSI -6.0%

PRS 5.6%
H1 horizontal cell CL0004217

CSI -0.7

rCSI -2.7%

PRS 5.7%
mesangial cell CL0000650

CSI -0.7

rCSI -2.7%

PRS 4.4%
indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029

CSI -0.3

rCSI -6.1%

PRS 1.5%
sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.1%

PRS 1.4%
immature innate lymphoid cell CL0001082

CSI 0.1

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 36.4%
collagen secreting cell CL0000667

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 11.9%
tracheobronchial goblet cell CL0019003

CSI 0.5

rCSI 7.6%

PRS 49.7%
group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001078

CSI 0.5

rCSI 10.0%

PRS 40.5%
endocardial cell CL0002350

CSI 0.7

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 3.6%
caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064

CSI 0.7

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 1.3%
epithelial cell of proximal tubule segment 3 CL4030011

CSI 0.9

rCSI 7.1%

PRS 28.4%
serous secreting cell CL0000313

CSI 1.0

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 10.7%
diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029

CSI 1.0

rCSI 6.8%

PRS 4.9%
diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030

CSI 1.1

rCSI 7.5%

PRS 5.3%
double negative T regulatory cell CL0011024

CSI 1.5

rCSI 28.0%

PRS 18.4%
neuron CL0000540

CSI 1.5

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 2.9%
forebrain neuroblast CL1000042

CSI 1.7

rCSI 18.3%

PRS 30.9%
kidney connecting tubule principal cell CL4030018

CSI 1.7

rCSI 12.4%

PRS 29.5%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 1.6%
renal principal cell CL0005009

CSI 2.2

rCSI 5.6%

PRS 3.0%
kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768

CSI 2.2

rCSI 5.6%

PRS 1.6%
NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human CL0001080

CSI 2.3

rCSI 72.1%

PRS 28.2%
uterine smooth muscle cell CL0002601

CSI 2.4

rCSI 15.9%

PRS 15.8%
parietal epithelial cell CL1000452

CSI 2.5

rCSI 6.6%

PRS 2.1%
H2 horizontal cell CL0004218

CSI 2.7

rCSI 13.3%

PRS 4.0%
kidney resident macrophage CL1000698

CSI 2.9

rCSI 56.9%

PRS 50.2%
brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075

CSI 2.9

rCSI 8.5%

PRS 3.6%
retinal ganglion cell CL0000740

CSI 2.9

rCSI 6.4%

PRS 1.5%
neutrophil CL0000775

CSI 2.9

rCSI 16.4%

PRS 8.1%
amacrine cell CL0000561

CSI 3.0

rCSI 8.6%

PRS 1.9%
hepatic pit cell CL2000054

CSI 3.0

rCSI 41.7%

PRS 25.1%
lung resident memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033038

CSI 3.1

rCSI 30.0%

PRS 26.2%
endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095

CSI 3.1

rCSI 22.7%

PRS 5.7%
pluripotent stem cell CL0002248

CSI 3.2

rCSI 94.7%

PRS 5.2%
osteoblast CL0000062

CSI 3.2

rCSI 78.5%

PRS 19.9%
slow muscle cell CL0000189

CSI 3.2

rCSI 42.1%

PRS 27.6%
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 3.2

rCSI 61.1%

PRS 7.4%
kidney interstitial cell CL1000500

CSI 3.2

rCSI 52.1%

PRS 23.0%
cardiac muscle cell CL0000746

CSI 3.3

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 1.8%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) (Ribosomal Protein L21) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 13q12.2. It encodes a core structural component of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. As an integral part of the cell's translational machinery, [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) plays a fundamental role in protein synthesis. Its expression is particularly significant in cells with high metabolic and proliferative demands, such as [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) and various lymphocyte populations, including [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) and [naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000900). Clinically, mutations in [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) have been identified as the cause of hereditary hypotrichosis simplex ([613917](https://omim.org/entry/613917)), a condition characterized by hair loss, underscoring its critical role in the maintenance of highly proliferative tissues ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.21503)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) is characteristic of a housekeeping gene essential for fundamental cellular processes, with its significance being most pronounced in cells requiring robust protein synthesis for growth, differentiation, and function. The gene shows its highest significance in hematopoietic and immune system progenitors, including [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 127.79), [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000557) (CSI: 104.49), and [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 96.87). This suggests a critical role in establishing and maintaining the body's blood and immune cell populations. Furthermore, high significance is observed in mature and activated immune cells, such as [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492), [mature T cell](/details-cell/CL0002419), and [plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001058), consistent with the high translational demands associated with immune responses like cytokine production and clonal expansion. Beyond the immune system, [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) is also highly significant in other rapidly dividing or metabolically active cell types, including [epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632) (CSI: 104.47) and [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312) (CSI: 102.18). In stark contrast, [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) shows very low to negative significance in terminally differentiated and relatively quiescent cell types. This is most evident in various neuronal populations, including [inhibitory interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000498) (CSI: -32.20) and [cerebral cortex neuron](/details-cell/CL0010012) (CSI: -27.28), as well as in structural or storage cells like [cardiac endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0010008) (CSI: -18.48) and [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136) (CSI: -17.23). This pattern reinforces its role as a key facilitator of cellular proliferation and high-grade metabolic activity, with its expression being downregulated in cells that have exited the cell cycle. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) confirm its identity as a core component of the ribosome. Gene Ontology (GO) terms classify it as a [Structural constituent of ribosome](/details-cell/GO:0003735) located within the [Cytosolic large ribosomal subunit](/details-cell/GO:0022625). Its primary biological process is [Translation](/details-cell/GO:0006412), specifically [Cytoplasmic translation](/details-cell/GO:0002181). Reactome pathway analysis provides a more granular view of its involvement in the entire lifecycle of protein synthesis. [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) is implicated in all major stages, including [Eukaryotic translation initiation](/details-cell/R-HSA-72613), [Eukaryotic translation elongation](/details-cell/R-HSA-156842), and [Eukaryotic translation termination](/details-cell/R-HSA-72764). Its central role is captured by its annotation to the overarching [Translation](/details-cell/R-HSA-72766) and [Metabolism of proteins](/details-cell/R-HSA-392499) pathways. Interestingly, despite its low expression in mature neurons, [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) is associated with pathways such as [Nervous system development](/details-cell/R-HSA-9675108) and [Axon guidance](/details-cell/R-HSA-422475). This suggests that while its expression is downregulated in the adult brain, it likely plays an indispensable role during the high-proliferative phases of neurogenesis and neuronal pathfinding. ## Research Directions The ubiquitous yet variably expressed nature of [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) presents several avenues for future research, particularly concerning its role in tissue-specific homeostasis and disease. **Proposed Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Given that mutations cause hereditary hypotrichosis simplex ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.21503)) and the gene is highly significant in [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312), it is hypothesized that [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) haploinsufficiency selectively compromises the proliferative capacity of hair follicle stem cells. This impairment is likely due to an inability to meet the high translational demands required for hair shaft formation, leading to the observed hair loss phenotype. 2. Based on its high significance in progenitor and activated immune cells, we hypothesize that subtle variations in [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) expression levels could modulate immune response efficiency. Specifically, reduced [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) levels in T cells may lead to delayed or diminished cytokine production and proliferation upon antigen encounter, potentially contributing to immunodeficiency or suboptimal vaccine responses. 3. The association with developmental pathways like [Axon guidance](/details-cell/R-HSA-422475) coupled with low expression in mature neurons suggests a hypothesis that the downregulation of [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) is a critical, actively regulated step during neuronal maturation, and its aberrant re-expression could be implicated in neurological disorders involving dedifferentiation or metabolic stress. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding the role of [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) in hair follicle biology, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated. By crossing a mouse with a floxed [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) allele to a line expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the keratin 14 (K14) promoter, the gene can be specifically deleted in the epidermis and hair follicles. The resulting K14-Cre;RPL21fl/fl mice would be examined for defects in hair growth and cycling. Hair follicle stem cells could then be isolated and subjected to in vitro assays to measure proliferation rates (e.g., Ki67 staining) and protein synthesis capacity (e.g., puromycin incorporation assays) to directly link the cellular phenotype to the observed pathology. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a fundamental component of the ribosome, direct systemic inhibition of [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) would likely result in unacceptable toxicity due to its essential role in all cells. However, many cancer cells exhibit an increased reliance on protein synthesis, a phenomenon known as "ribosome addiction." Therefore, therapies that selectively target ribosome biogenesis or function could have a therapeutic window. While [RPL21](/details-gene/6144) itself is unlikely to be a direct drug target, understanding its role in the context of specific cancers could reveal vulnerabilities. Any therapeutic strategy would focus on **inhibition** to curb the hyper-proliferative state of malignant cells.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

60S ribosomal protein L21

Genular Protein ID: 1333352980

Symbol: RL21_HUMAN

Name: 60S ribosomal protein L21

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P46778 Q16699

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7772601

Title: Cloning, sequencing and expression of the L5, L21, L27a, L28, S5, S9, S10 and S29 human ribosomal protein mRNAs.

PubMed ID: 7772601

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00045-i

PubMed ID: 7581362

Title: Comparison of the positional cloning methods used to isolate the BRCA1 gene.

PubMed ID: 7581362

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.8.1259

PubMed ID: 11875025

Title: The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes.

PubMed ID: 11875025

DOI: 10.1101/gr.214202

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7951316

Title: A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12-21.

PubMed ID: 7951316

DOI: 10.1038/ng0894-472

PubMed ID: 9582194

Title: A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes.

PubMed ID: 9582194

DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.5.509

PubMed ID: 12962325

Title: Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing.

PubMed ID: 12962325

DOI: 10.1023/a:1025068419698

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21412954

Title: Mutation in ribosomal protein L21 underlies hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

PubMed ID: 21412954

DOI: 10.1002/humu.21503

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 24524803

Title: A new system for naming ribosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 24524803

DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.01.002

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 23636399

Title: Structures of the human and Drosophila 80S ribosome.

PubMed ID: 23636399

DOI: 10.1038/nature12104

PubMed ID: 25957688

Title: Structural snapshots of actively translating human ribosomes.

PubMed ID: 25957688

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.052

PubMed ID: 25901680

Title: Structure of the human 80S ribosome.

PubMed ID: 25901680

DOI: 10.1038/nature14427

PubMed ID: 32669547

Title: Structural snapshots of human pre-60S ribosomal particles before and after nuclear export.

PubMed ID: 32669547

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17237-x

Sequence Information:

Length: 160
Mass: 18565
Checksum: C51D0B5E8EB9D69E
Sequence:

MTNTKGKRRG TRYMFSRPFR KHGVVPLATY MRIYKKGDIV DIKGMGTVQK GMPHKCYHGK 
TGRVYNVTQH AVGIVVNKQV KGKILAKRIN VRIEHIKHSK SRDSFLKRVK ENDQKKKEAK 
EKGTWVQLKR QPAPPREAHF VRTNGKEPEL LEPIPYEFMA

Details for: RPL21

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

Cloning, sequencing and expression of the L5, L21, L27a, L28, S5, S9, S10 and S29 human ribosomal protein mRNAs. PubMed ID: 7772601

Comparison of the positional cloning methods used to isolate the BRCA1 gene. PubMed ID: 7581362

The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes. PubMed ID: 11875025

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12-21. PubMed ID: 7951316

A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes. PubMed ID: 9582194

Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing. PubMed ID: 12962325

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

Mutation in ribosomal protein L21 underlies hereditary hypotrichosis simplex. PubMed ID: 21412954

N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB. PubMed ID: 22814378

A new system for naming ribosomal proteins. PubMed ID: 24524803

N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. PubMed ID: 25944712

Structures of the human and Drosophila 80S ribosome. PubMed ID: 23636399

Structural snapshots of actively translating human ribosomes. PubMed ID: 25957688

Structure of the human 80S ribosome. PubMed ID: 25901680

Structural snapshots of human pre-60S ribosomal particles before and after nuclear export. PubMed ID: 32669547