Details for: RPL21

Gene ID: 6144

Symbol: RPL21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000122026

Description: ribosomal protein L21

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 775.8268
    Cell Significance Index: -319.6000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 684.8618
    Cell Significance Index: -278.2300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 624.7582
    Cell Significance Index: -294.9600
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 594.3017
    Cell Significance Index: -305.7000
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 442.4966
    Cell Significance Index: -296.9300
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 293.2831
    Cell Significance Index: -280.0100
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 26.4442
    Cell Significance Index: 155.3600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 25.2122
    Cell Significance Index: -67.5400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 17.9361
    Cell Significance Index: 1832.1700
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 17.6447
    Cell Significance Index: 450.7700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 13.9712
    Cell Significance Index: 373.7200
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 13.9625
    Cell Significance Index: 246.7400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 11.8632
    Cell Significance Index: 412.2400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 11.8532
    Cell Significance Index: 311.6800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 11.8314
    Cell Significance Index: 556.0700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 11.7755
    Cell Significance Index: 618.2600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 11.7048
    Cell Significance Index: 245.0000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 10.3596
    Cell Significance Index: 117.6900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 10.3441
    Cell Significance Index: 1336.3800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 9.5345
    Cell Significance Index: 710.6000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 9.1696
    Cell Significance Index: 1127.4800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 9.1368
    Cell Significance Index: 646.1900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 8.9751
    Cell Significance Index: 1617.9200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 8.4654
    Cell Significance Index: 1162.5400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 8.2095
    Cell Significance Index: 3629.6400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 8.1529
    Cell Significance Index: 1045.1500
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 7.8316
    Cell Significance Index: 923.5800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 7.8160
    Cell Significance Index: 84.9700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 7.4748
    Cell Significance Index: 214.2700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 6.6520
    Cell Significance Index: 5035.0000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 6.1016
    Cell Significance Index: 3332.2300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 5.8346
    Cell Significance Index: 376.4200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 5.6122
    Cell Significance Index: 152.7600
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 5.5462
    Cell Significance Index: 128.1400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 5.5141
    Cell Significance Index: 257.0900
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 5.2829
    Cell Significance Index: 42.1800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 4.4691
    Cell Significance Index: 82.6000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 3.9278
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2.7721
    Cell Significance Index: 125.6500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 2.7483
    Cell Significance Index: 2481.4700
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 1.8562
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 1.7183
    Cell Significance Index: 136.0900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 1.6632
    Cell Significance Index: 44.4100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 1.4961
    Cell Significance Index: 1096.9500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.3146
    Cell Significance Index: 250.1700
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 1.0662
    Cell Significance Index: 13.6600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.9855
    Cell Significance Index: 68.1500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4090
    Cell Significance Index: 66.5200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.3970
    Cell Significance Index: 11.6600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2962
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1424
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0861
    Cell Significance Index: 17.0800
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 0.0561
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0677
    Cell Significance Index: -127.5200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.1318
    Cell Significance Index: -243.1500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.1644
    Cell Significance Index: -253.0800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.1759
    Cell Significance Index: -63.0900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.2547
    Cell Significance Index: -346.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.2990
    Cell Significance Index: -51.0600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.3095
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.3430
    Cell Significance Index: -217.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.3706
    Cell Significance Index: -274.5500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.4929
    Cell Significance Index: -98.8800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.5068
    Cell Significance Index: -285.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.5294
    Cell Significance Index: -240.2600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.5932
    Cell Significance Index: -370.4300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.7872
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.9640
    Cell Significance Index: -59.2500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -1.1387
    Cell Significance Index: -71.7700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -1.3144
    Cell Significance Index: -150.5900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -1.4802
    Cell Significance Index: -83.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -1.6689
    Cell Significance Index: -351.5200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -1.8332
    Cell Significance Index: -266.4800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -1.9979
    Cell Significance Index: -63.9900
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -2.3608
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9600
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -2.5741
    Cell Significance Index: -43.0800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -2.7327
    Cell Significance Index: -68.3100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -2.8487
    Cell Significance Index: -296.6200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -3.4850
    Cell Significance Index: -209.2200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -3.5622
    Cell Significance Index: -273.3600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -3.6711
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -4.0808
    Cell Significance Index: -88.4100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -4.1184
    Cell Significance Index: -61.7100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -4.1636
    Cell Significance Index: -255.2700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -4.4157
    Cell Significance Index: -230.0100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -4.4393
    Cell Significance Index: -298.5000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -4.8601
    Cell Significance Index: -66.3100
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: -4.9872
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -5.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -253.3800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -5.4058
    Cell Significance Index: -221.5100
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -5.5357
    Cell Significance Index: -115.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -5.8345
    Cell Significance Index: -171.8500
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: -5.9639
    Cell Significance Index: -32.5200
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -6.5131
    Cell Significance Index: -77.6400
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -6.9800
    Cell Significance Index: -256.2300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -7.0912
    Cell Significance Index: -313.6600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -7.1356
    Cell Significance Index: -250.7400
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -7.5209
    Cell Significance Index: -57.9700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -7.6379
    Cell Significance Index: -196.3300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Expression Pattern:** RPL21 is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including epithelial cells, immune cells, cancerous cells, and cells of the nervous system. 2. **Ribosomal Composition:** RPL21 is a component of the 60S large ribosomal subunit, which is essential for the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. 3. **Function:** RPL21 is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, cytoskeleton organization, and cell signaling. 4. **Post-translational Modifications:** RPL21 undergoes various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, which regulate its activity and interactions with other proteins. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Translation Initiation:** RPL21 is involved in the initiation of translation, working in conjunction with other ribosomal proteins to position the initiator tRNA on the ribosome. 2. **Eukaryotic Translation Elongation:** RPL21 plays a crucial role in the elongation phase of translation, facilitating the assembly of the ribosome and the translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA. 3. **Cytoskeleton Organization:** RPL21 is involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization, influencing the dynamics of microtubules and actin filaments. 4. **Cell Signaling:** RPL21 interacts with various signaling proteins, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. 5. **Immune Response:** RPL21 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, including the activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Autoimmune Disorders:** Dysregulation of RPL21 has been implicated in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. 2. **Cancer:** RPL21 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis. 3. **Neurological Conditions:** RPL21 has been linked to neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where it plays a role in protein aggregation and cell death. 4. **Infectious Diseases:** RPL21 is involved in the regulation of viral infection pathways, influencing the translation of viral mRNAs and the production of viral proteins. In conclusion, RPL21 is a multifaceted gene that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cytoskeleton organization, and cell signaling. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing disease. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which RPL21 regulates cellular processes and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1333352980

Symbol: RL21_HUMAN

Name: 60S ribosomal protein L21

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P46778 Q16699

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 3 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 12 EMDB 80 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 11 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 94 PDBsum 94 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 13 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7772601

Title: Cloning, sequencing and expression of the L5, L21, L27a, L28, S5, S9, S10 and S29 human ribosomal protein mRNAs.

PubMed ID: 7772601

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00045-i

PubMed ID: 7581362

Title: Comparison of the positional cloning methods used to isolate the BRCA1 gene.

PubMed ID: 7581362

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.8.1259

PubMed ID: 11875025

Title: The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes.

PubMed ID: 11875025

DOI: 10.1101/gr.214202

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7951316

Title: A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12-21.

PubMed ID: 7951316

DOI: 10.1038/ng0894-472

PubMed ID: 9582194

Title: A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes.

PubMed ID: 9582194

DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.5.509

PubMed ID: 12962325

Title: Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing.

PubMed ID: 12962325

DOI: 10.1023/a:1025068419698

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21412954

Title: Mutation in ribosomal protein L21 underlies hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

PubMed ID: 21412954

DOI: 10.1002/humu.21503

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 24524803

Title: A new system for naming ribosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 24524803

DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.01.002

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 23636399

Title: Structures of the human and Drosophila 80S ribosome.

PubMed ID: 23636399

DOI: 10.1038/nature12104

PubMed ID: 25957688

Title: Structural snapshots of actively translating human ribosomes.

PubMed ID: 25957688

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.052

PubMed ID: 25901680

Title: Structure of the human 80S ribosome.

PubMed ID: 25901680

DOI: 10.1038/nature14427

PubMed ID: 32669547

Title: Structural snapshots of human pre-60S ribosomal particles before and after nuclear export.

PubMed ID: 32669547

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17237-x

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 160
  • Mass: 18565
  • Checksum: C51D0B5E8EB9D69E
  • Sequence:
    • MTNTKGKRRG TRYMFSRPFR KHGVVPLATY MRIYKKGDIV DIKGMGTVQK GMPHKCYHGK 
TGRVYNVTQH AVGIVVNKQV KGKILAKRIN VRIEHIKHSK SRDSFLKRVK ENDQKKKEAK 
EKGTWVQLKR QPAPPREAHF VRTNGKEPEL LEPIPYEFMA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.