Details for: EML5

Gene ID: 161436

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: EML5

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165521

Description: EMAP like 5

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 27.18
    rCSI 32.47%
    PRS 83.42
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 19.13
    rCSI 24.66%
    PRS 84.32
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 17.5
    rCSI 28.15%
    PRS 84.42
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 17.15
    rCSI 28.79%
    PRS 83.42
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 16.4
    rCSI 39.85%
    PRS 81.25
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 13.91
    rCSI 26.05%
    PRS 86.79
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 13.74
    rCSI 30.35%
    PRS 85.1
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 13.74
    rCSI 35.79%
    PRS 88.4
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 13.35
    rCSI 16.61%
    PRS 81.25
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 12.44
    rCSI 20.03%
    PRS 86.89
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 11.86
    rCSI 27.08%
    PRS 88.18
  • S cone cell CL0003050
    CSI 11.86
    rCSI 52.11%
    PRS 90
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 11.84
    rCSI 20.48%
    PRS 89.43
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 11.82
    rCSI 13.65%
    PRS 86.94
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 11.79
    rCSI 36.85%
    PRS 84.4
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 11.07
    rCSI 32.07%
    PRS 86.6
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 10.66
    rCSI 40.27%
    PRS 83.5
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 10.3
    rCSI 14.04%
    PRS 87.93
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 10.27
    rCSI 35.19%
    PRS 82.81
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 10.24
    rCSI 20.79%
    PRS 78.57
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 10.16
    rCSI 36.56%
    PRS 81.58
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 10.02
    rCSI 18.01%
    PRS 89.34
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 9.72
    rCSI 25.89%
    PRS 83.18
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 9.6
    rCSI 16.96%
    PRS 82.69
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 20.21%
    PRS 86.37
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 53.23%
    PRS 76.08
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 8.41
    rCSI 14.74%
    PRS 91.04
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 8.12
    rCSI 14.31%
    PRS 90.02
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 7.91
    rCSI 52.49%
    PRS 88.25
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 7.83
    rCSI 38.92%
    PRS 88.97
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 7.81
    rCSI 46.14%
    PRS 85.89
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 7.63
    rCSI 43.11%
    PRS 84.74
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 7.28
    rCSI 42.84%
    PRS 83.75
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 6.99
    rCSI 14.04%
    PRS 88.78
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 6.32
    rCSI 9.39%
    PRS 92.02
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 6.24
    rCSI 23.54%
    PRS 81.42
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 6.15
    rCSI 41.85%
    PRS 86.31
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 6.09
    rCSI 13.22%
    PRS 84.08
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 6
    rCSI 44.13%
    PRS 87.26
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 5.97
    rCSI 18.66%
    PRS 86.22
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 5.95
    rCSI 13.33%
    PRS 83.68
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 5.69
    rCSI 9.32%
    PRS 88.03
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 5.68
    rCSI 15.17%
    PRS 89.59
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 5.26
    rCSI 23.48%
    PRS 80.93
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 4.95
    rCSI 7.55%
    PRS 90.74
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 4.61
    rCSI 8.37%
    PRS 88.37
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 4.55
    rCSI 11.26%
    PRS 94.65
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 4.53
    rCSI 64.35%
    PRS 87.09
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 4.47
    rCSI 10.67%
    PRS 93.83
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 89.42
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 36.99%
    PRS 87.04
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 5.59%
    PRS 87.54
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 3.95
    rCSI 5.38%
    PRS 67.46
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 3.91
    rCSI 9.36%
    PRS 85.14
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 29.4%
    PRS 86.81
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 9.25%
    PRS 89.14
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 3.55
    rCSI 11.67%
    PRS 83.98
  • diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031
    CSI 3.54
    rCSI 40.55%
    PRS 82.34
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 3.24
    rCSI 3.75%
    PRS 89.04
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 62.36%
    PRS 86.98
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 6.25%
    PRS 83.56
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 60.5%
    PRS 86.42
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 10.8%
    PRS 88
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 2.76
    rCSI 10.93%
    PRS 88.48
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 7.37%
    PRS 95.59
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 13.84%
    PRS 84.57
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 60.75%
    PRS 81.18
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 61.17%
    PRS 81.19
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 5.03%
    PRS 90.75
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 6.44%
    PRS 90.18
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 8.37%
    PRS 82.27
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 21.76%
    PRS 82.87
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 94.57
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 12.9%
    PRS 85.26
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 1.34
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 67.61
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 1.05
    rCSI 7.87%
    PRS 83.86
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 0.37
    rCSI 5.41%
    PRS 93.75

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [EML5](/details-gene/161436) (Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14. Functionally, it is characterized as a microtubule-binding protein ([GO:0008017](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008017)), suggesting a primary role in regulating the cytoskeleton. Expression data indicates that [EML5](/details-gene/161436) is highly significant within the central nervous system, showing prominent expression in a diverse array of neuronal subtypes, particularly in various GABAergic cortical interneurons and multiple cell types within the retina. This profile suggests that [EML5](/details-gene/161436) is a key component in establishing and maintaining the complex morphology and function of neural circuits. Its discovery and characterization are documented in large-scale genome and cDNA sequencing projects [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01348), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression pattern of [EML5](/details-gene/161436) points to a specialized function within the nervous system. The gene demonstrates its highest significance in inhibitory interneurons of the cerebral cortex, including [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016) (CSI: 27.18), [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017) (CSI: 19.13), and [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: 17.15). Its importance extends to excitatory glutamatergic neurons as well, such as the [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040), indicating a broad role in cortical neuron biology. Beyond the cortex, [EML5](/details-gene/161436) is a significant gene in the retina, with notable expression in [retinal bipolar neuron](/details-cell/CL0000748), [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740), and photoreceptor cells like the [retinal cone cell](/details-cell/CL0000573). This suggests a critical function in the structural organization and signal processing of the visual system. While predominantly neuronal, its expression in cells like [Mueller cell](/details-cell/CL0000636) (a retinal glial cell) and [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602) may indicate additional roles in glial support and the neurovascular unit. The collective data portrays [EML5](/details-gene/161436) as a key cytoskeletal regulator across a specialized set of neural and associated cell types. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The primary molecular function of [EML5](/details-gene/161436) is defined by its ability to bind to microtubules ([GO:0008017](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008017)). Consistent with this role, it is localized to the [cytoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005737) and associates directly with the [microtubule](/details-cell/GO:0005874) network. This function is fundamental in neurons, where the microtubule cytoskeleton is indispensable for maintaining complex cell shapes, facilitating axonal and dendritic transport of vesicles and organelles, and enabling synaptic plasticity. The high significance of [EML5](/details-gene/161436) in a wide variety of neurons suggests it may be involved in modulating microtubule dynamics to support these essential processes. Additionally, its annotation as a component of the [extracellular exosome](/details-cell/GO:0070062) raises the possibility of a less-understood role in intercellular communication, whereby it could be transferred between cells to influence cytoskeletal organization in recipient cells. ## Research Directions Based on its specific expression profile and core function, several research avenues emerge for [EML5](/details-gene/161436). The strong and subtype-specific expression in cortical interneurons and retinal cells presents clear opportunities to investigate its role in neural circuit formation and function. **Proposed Testable Hypotheses:** 1. **EML5 regulates subtype-specific neuronal morphology:** The high significance of [EML5](/details-gene/161436) in distinct interneuron classes like VIP and sst-positive cells suggests it may control the unique dendritic and axonal arborization patterns of these cells by modulating local microtubule stability, thereby defining their integration into cortical circuits. 2. **EML5 is essential for photoreceptor structural integrity:** In the retina, [EML5](/details-gene/161436) may be critical for maintaining the highly organized microtubule-based structures of photoreceptor inner and outer segments, and its disruption could lead to progressive photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, one could employ a conditional knockout strategy in mice. By crossing an *Eml5*-floxed mouse line with a Cre-driver line specific to a particular interneuron subtype (e.g., *Vip-IRES-Cre*), EML5 can be selectively deleted from VIP interneurons. Subsequent detailed morphological analysis using dye-filling or reporter lines combined with confocal microscopy and Sholl analysis would reveal any deficits in dendritic complexity, axonal targeting, or spine density compared to control animals. This would directly test the necessity of [EML5](/details-gene/161436) for establishing the correct morphology of this specific neuronal population. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a regulator of microtubule dynamics with high expression in the CNS, [EML5](/details-gene/161436) could be a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. In neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cytoskeletal collapse and impaired axonal transport (e.g., certain tauopathies), small-molecule modulators that enhance EML5's microtubule-stabilizing activity could be beneficial. However, its broad expression across many critical neuron types presents a significant challenge for therapeutic intervention. Any systemic modulation would risk severe on-target neurological side effects. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of targeting [EML5](/details-gene/161436) would likely depend on the development of highly targeted delivery systems (e.g., AAV-based gene therapy directed at specific cell types) or its relevance to diseases confined to specific, accessible regions like the retina.

Genular Protein ID: 4154170348

Symbol: EMAL5_HUMAN

Name: Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 5

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q05BV3 B9EK59 Q5H9N6 Q6UYC9 Q6ZRP3 Q6ZT03

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 8 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 9 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 3 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12508121

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.

PubMed ID: 12508121

DOI: 10.1038/nature01348

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1969
  • Mass: 219427
  • Checksum: B105BD33557F500D
  • Sequence:
    • MAARSAPSCH LRLEWVYGYR GHQCRNNLYY TAAKEIVYFV AGVGVVYSPR EHRQKFYRGH 
SDDIISLALH PERVLVATGQ VGKEPYICIW DSYTVQTISV LKDVHTHGIA CLAFDLDGQR 
LVSVGLDSKN AVCVWDWKRG KMLSMAPGHT DRIFDISWDL YQPNKLVSCG VKHIKFWSLC 
GNALTPKRGV FGKTGDLQTI LCLACARDEL TYSGALNGDI YVWKGINLIR TIQGAHAAGI 
FSMNACEEGF ATGGRDGCIR LWDLTFKPIT VIDLRETDQG YKGLSVRSVC WRGDHILVGT 
QDSEIFEIVV QERNKPFLIM QGHCEGELWA LAVHPTKPLA VTGSDDRSVR IWSLVDHALI 
ARCNMEEPIR CAAVNADGIH LALGMKDGSF TVLRVRDMTE VVHIKDRKEA IHELKYSPDG 
TYLAVGCNDS SVDIYGVAQR YKKVGECLGS LSFITHLDWS SDSRYLQTND GNGKRLFYRM 
PGGKEVTSTE EIKGVHWASW TCVSGLEVNG IWPKYSDIND INSVDGNYIG QVLVTADDYG 
IIKLFRYPCL RKGAKFRKYI GHSAHVTNVR WSHDYQWVIS IGGADHSVFQ WKFIPERKLK 
DAVHIAPQES LADSHSDESD SDLSDVPELD SEIEQETQLT YRRQVYKEDL PQLKEQCKEK 
QKSATSKRRE RAPGNSIRLH FVHGYRGYDC RSNLFYTQIG EIVYHVAAVG VIYNRQQNTQ 
RFYLGHDDDI LCLTIHPLKD YVATGQVGRD PSIHIWDTET IKPLSILKGH HQYGVSAVDF 
SADGKRLASV GIDDSHTVVL WDWKKGEKLS IARGSKDKIF VVKMNPYVPD KLITAGIKHM 
KFWRKAGGGL IGRKGYIGTL GKNDTMMCAV YGWTEEMAFS GTSTGDVCIW RDIFLVKTVK 
AHDGPVFSMH ALEKGFVTGG KDGIVALWDD SFERCLKTYA IKRAALAPGS KGLLLEDNPS 
IRAISLGHGH ILVGTKNGEI LEVDKSGPIT LLVQGHMEGE VWGLATHPYL PICATVSDDK 
TLRIWDLSPS HCMLAVRKLK KGGRCCCFSP DGKALAVGLN DGSFLMANAD TLEDLVSFHH 
RKDMISDIRF SPGSGKYLAV ASHDSFIDIY NVMSSKRVGI CKGATSYITH IDWDIRGKLL 
QVNTGAKEQL FFEAPRGKKQ TIPSVEVEKI AWASWTSVLG LCCEGIWPVI GEVTDVTASC 
LTSDKMVLAT GDDLGFVKLF RYPTKGKFGK FKRYVAHSTH VTNVRWTYDD SMLVTLGGTD 
MSLMVWTNEM EGYREKRPCD SEESDIDSEE DGGYDSDVTR ENEISYTIRA LSTNIRPMLG 
IKPHLQQKEP SIDERPPVSR APPQPEKLQT NNVGKKKRPI EDLVLELIFG YRGRDCRNNV 
HYLNDGDDII YHTASVGILH NVATGSQSFY QEHNDDILCL TVNQHPKFIN IVATGQVGDS 
ADMSATAPSI HIWDAMNKQT LSILRCYHSK GVCSVSFSAT GKLLLSVGLD PEHTITIWRW 
QEGAKIASRA GHNQRIFVAE FRPDSDTQFV SVGVKHVKFW TLAGRALLSK KGLLSTLEDA 
RMQTMLAIAF GANNLTFTGT ISGDVCVWKD HILCRIVARA HNGPVFAMYT TLRDGLIVTG 
GKERPSKEGG AVKLWDQELR RCRAFRLETG QATDCVRSVC RGKGKILVGT RNAEIIEVGE 
KNAACNILVN GHVDGPIWGL ATHPSRDFFL SAAEDGTVRL WDIADKKMLN KVNLGHAART 
VCYSPEGDMV AIGMKNGEFI ILLVSSLKIW GKKRDRRCAI HDIRFSPDSR YLAVGSSENS 
VDFYDLTLGP TLNRISYCKD IPSFVIQMDF SADSSYLQVS SGCYKRHVYE VPSGKHLMDH 
AAIDRITWAT WTSILGDEVL GIWSRHAEKA DVNCACVSHS GISLVTGDDF GMVKLFDFPC 
PEKFAKHKRF LGHSPHVTNI RFTSGDRHVV SAGGDDCSLF VWKCVHTPH