Details for: MT2A

Gene ID: 4502

Symbol: MT2A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000125148

Description: metallothionein 2A

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 6.29
    Marker Score: 20,622
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 1 endothelial cell (CL4028002)
    Fold Change: 5.71
    Marker Score: 14,516
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 5.43
    Marker Score: 3,571
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 5.02
    Marker Score: 170,855
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 4.98
    Marker Score: 3,899
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 4.73
    Marker Score: 2,665
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: 4.09
    Marker Score: 3,491
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: 4.07
    Marker Score: 3,501
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 4.06
    Marker Score: 4,341
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: 3.86
    Marker Score: 1,992
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 3.79
    Marker Score: 5,488
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 3.78
    Marker Score: 18,566
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 3.77
    Marker Score: 13,390
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Marker Score: 2,653
  • Cell Name: contractile cell (CL0000183)
    Fold Change: 3.67
    Marker Score: 1,990
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 3.65
    Marker Score: 36,183
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 3.59
    Marker Score: 8,771
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial cell (CL1000500)
    Fold Change: 3.52
    Marker Score: 2,500
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 3.46
    Marker Score: 2,017
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 3.44
    Marker Score: 21,970
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 3.4
    Marker Score: 1,417
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 3.38
    Marker Score: 5,715
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 3.36
    Marker Score: 8,808
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 3.36
    Marker Score: 8,999
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 3.22
    Marker Score: 1,349
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 3.19
    Marker Score: 3,043
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 3.18
    Marker Score: 5,798
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 3.12
    Marker Score: 7,525
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Marker Score: 11,975
  • Cell Name: NKp46-positive innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001076)
    Fold Change: 3.11
    Marker Score: 9,063
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 3.07
    Marker Score: 22,822
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Marker Score: 1,747
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 3.06
    Marker Score: 2,929
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 3.05
    Marker Score: 54,136
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 3.04
    Marker Score: 9,543
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 3.02
    Marker Score: 16,237
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 2.98
    Marker Score: 4,330
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 2.98
    Marker Score: 166,383
  • Cell Name: peritubular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001033)
    Fold Change: 2.97
    Marker Score: 690
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 2.94
    Marker Score: 997
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: 2.92
    Marker Score: 5,483
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 2.92
    Marker Score: 5,683
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Marker Score: 33,669
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 2.9
    Marker Score: 2,797
  • Cell Name: reticular cell (CL0000432)
    Fold Change: 2.88
    Marker Score: 1,050
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 2.85
    Marker Score: 1,875
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 2.83
    Marker Score: 1,656
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 2.83
    Marker Score: 2,873
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 2.82
    Marker Score: 2,996
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of uterus (CL0009095)
    Fold Change: 2.82
    Marker Score: 5,641
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Marker Score: 2,518
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 2.81
    Marker Score: 1,207
  • Cell Name: double negative T regulatory cell (CL0011024)
    Fold Change: 2.76
    Marker Score: 2,666
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 2.72
    Marker Score: 2,722
  • Cell Name: bronchus fibroblast of lung (CL2000093)
    Fold Change: 2.72
    Marker Score: 3,736
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Marker Score: 6,122
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Marker Score: 930
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 2.69
    Marker Score: 4,143
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 2.64
    Marker Score: 1,835
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 2.62
    Marker Score: 12,580
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: 2.58
    Marker Score: 917
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 2.58
    Marker Score: 22,376
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Marker Score: 1,534
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 2,222
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of prostate (CL1000299)
    Fold Change: 2.54
    Marker Score: 633
  • Cell Name: prostate stromal cell (CL0002622)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Marker Score: 633
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Marker Score: 4,464
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 2.5
    Marker Score: 63,955
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Marker Score: 12,784
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Marker Score: 683
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Marker Score: 2,753
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 2.4
    Marker Score: 8,252
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 587
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 3,065
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 3,490
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 1,541
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 3,835
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 1,703
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 1,071
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 3,751
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 747
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 875
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 1,283
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000900)
    Fold Change: 2.31
    Marker Score: 4,122
  • Cell Name: uterine smooth muscle cell (CL0002601)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 2,982
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 582
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 3,233
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 887
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 3,782
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Marker Score: 523
  • Cell Name: mature gamma-delta T cell (CL0000800)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Marker Score: 7,139
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Marker Score: 2,791
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 5,684
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 493
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 2,002
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 2,626
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 2.24
    Marker Score: 834
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Marker Score: 14,565
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Marker Score: 5,307
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 2.23
    Marker Score: 47,679

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Metal ion binding:** MT2A is specifically designed to bind metals, particularly copper, zinc, and cadmium, which are essential for various cellular functions. 2. **Homeostasis regulation:** MT2A plays a critical role in maintaining metal ion homeostasis within cells, ensuring that metal levels remain within a narrow range that supports cellular function. 3. **Cellular localization:** MT2A is predominantly found in the cytoplasm and nucleus, where it can interact with other proteins and influence gene expression. 4. **Signaling pathway involvement:** MT2A is implicated in various signaling pathways, including interferon gamma signaling and cytokine signaling, which are crucial for immune response regulation. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Intracellular copper ion homeostasis:** MT2A helps regulate copper levels within cells, which is essential for enzymes involved in oxidative stress response and electron transport. 2. **Intracellular zinc ion homeostasis:** MT2A plays a critical role in maintaining zinc levels within cells, which is vital for protein function, enzyme activity, and cell signaling. 3. **Detoxification of copper ion:** MT2A helps sequester excess copper ions, preventing their toxic effects on cells. 4. **Immune system regulation:** MT2A is expressed in professional antigen-presenting cells, where it influences immune responses by modulating cytokine signaling and interferon gamma signaling. 5. **Cytokine signaling in immune system:** MT2A interacts with cytokines, such as interleukin-3, to regulate immune responses and inflammation. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer therapy:** Aberrant metal ion homeostasis is a hallmark of cancer. MT2A's role in regulating metal ion levels makes it a potential target for cancer therapy. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** MT2A's involvement in copper and zinc homeostasis suggests its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 3. **Immune disorders:** MT2A's expression in professional antigen-presenting cells highlights its potential role in immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency disorders. 4. **Toxic metal exposure:** MT2A's ability to bind and sequester toxic metals, such as cadmium and lead, makes it a potential biomarker for exposure to these toxins. In conclusion, MT2A is a vital gene that regulates metal ion homeostasis and influences immune responses. Its involvement in various signaling pathways and its expression in multiple cell types highlight its potential role in various diseases and disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of MT2A.

Genular Protein ID: 2007106952

Symbol: MT2_HUMAN

Name: Metallothionein-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02795 Q14823 Q2HXR9 Q53XT9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 28 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 9 EMBL 9 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 2 PIR 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 913597

Title: Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein.

PubMed ID: 913597

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80594-2

PubMed ID: 7133118

Title: Human metallothionein genes -- primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene.

PubMed ID: 7133118

DOI: 10.1038/299797a0

PubMed ID: 6896577

Title: Human metallothionein genes: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mRNA.

PubMed ID: 6896577

DOI: 10.1093/nar/10.10.3165

PubMed ID: 2780570

Title: Changes in brain gene expression shared by scrapie and Alzheimer disease.

PubMed ID: 2780570

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7260

PubMed ID: 1339282

Title: Expression of human metallothionein-II fusion protein in Escherichia coli.

PubMed ID: 1339282

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15541360

Title: Identification and characterization of a novel gene EOLA1 stimulating ECV304 cell proliferation.

PubMed ID: 15541360

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.124

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 2388267

Title: Three-dimensional structure of human [113Cd7]metallothionein-2 in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 2388267

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90291-s

PubMed ID: 1593628

Title: Comparison of the solution conformations of human [Zn7]-metallothionein-2 and [Cd7]-metallothionein-2 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 1593628

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90930-i

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 61
  • Mass: 6042
  • Checksum: 7B0A7E1F99843078
  • Sequence:
    • MDPNCSCAAG DSCTCAGSCK CKECKCTSCK KSCCSCCPVG CAKCAQGCIC KGASDKCSCC 
A

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.