GADD45B | ENSG00000099860 | NCBI 4616

Details for: GADD45B

Gene ID: 4616

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GADD45B

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000099860

Description: growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Apoptotic process
(GO:0006915)
Cell differentiation
(GO:0030154)
Cytoplasm
(GO:0005737)
Nucleus
(GO:0005634)
Positive regulation of apoptotic process
(GO:0043065)
Positive regulation of jnk cascade
(GO:0046330)
Positive regulation of p38mapk cascade
(GO:1900745)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Regulation of cell cycle
(GO:0051726)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 48.04

rCSI 41.41%

PRS 11.67
pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568

CSI 44.8

rCSI 60.96%

PRS 10.86
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 40

rCSI 35.17%

PRS 5.1
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 39

rCSI 53.32%

PRS 8.04
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 34.42

rCSI 27.96%

PRS 7.53
alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006

CSI 29.96

rCSI 47.31%

PRS 7.07
CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939

CSI 29.78

rCSI 19.85%

PRS 19.56
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 29.61

rCSI 22%

PRS 10.6
enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504

CSI 29.45

rCSI 42.03%

PRS 7.98
Hofbauer cell CL3000001

CSI 27.42

rCSI 51.77%

PRS 8.77
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 25.97

rCSI 75.2%

PRS 8.01
conventional dendritic cell CL0000990

CSI 25.36

rCSI 21.17%

PRS 22.36
alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004

CSI 24.72

rCSI 27.07%

PRS 8.12
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 24.12

rCSI 45.6%

PRS 15.69
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 23.83

rCSI 19.97%

PRS 8.45
glandular epithelial cell CL0000150

CSI 23.68

rCSI 62.33%

PRS 13.84
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 23.65

rCSI 34.09%

PRS 11.41
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049

CSI 23.27

rCSI 39.8%

PRS 15.13
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 22.23

rCSI 16.81%

PRS 9.87
chondrocyte CL0000138

CSI 21.56

rCSI 34.29%

PRS 6.24
smooth muscle cell CL0000192

CSI 20.89

rCSI 49.81%

PRS 23.68
Mueller cell CL0000636

CSI 20.66

rCSI 47.14%

PRS 6.43
tendon cell CL0000388

CSI 20.56

rCSI 53.42%

PRS 21.26
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 18.48

rCSI 22.32%

PRS 8.33
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 18.24

rCSI 50.13%

PRS 11.71
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 18.06

rCSI 21.89%

PRS 10.2
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 17.75

rCSI 24.58%

PRS 10.17
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 17.61

rCSI 22.59%

PRS 8.15
CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human CL0000938

CSI 17.43

rCSI 13.07%

PRS 20.9
skeletal muscle satellite stem cell CL0008011

CSI 16.99

rCSI 75.71%

PRS 24.37
luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326

CSI 16.93

rCSI 30.76%

PRS 10.78
pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063

CSI 16.73

rCSI 25.94%

PRS 11.07
fibroblast of breast CL4006000

CSI 15.89

rCSI 66.81%

PRS 19.33
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 15.39

rCSI 11.57%

PRS 7.29
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 14.76

rCSI 22.67%

PRS 8.25
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 14.3

rCSI 40.83%

PRS 12.57
elicited macrophage CL0000861

CSI 14.1

rCSI 12.95%

PRS 8.04
colon macrophage CL0009038

CSI 13.75

rCSI 63.53%

PRS 15.27
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001

CSI 13.62

rCSI 25.98%

PRS 11.38
macrophage CL0000235

CSI 13.51

rCSI 24.58%

PRS 32.1
naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000900

CSI 13.5

rCSI 9.48%

PRS 20.29
intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538

CSI 13.23

rCSI 31.74%

PRS 13.19
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 13.22

rCSI 23.87%

PRS 20.64
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 12.75

rCSI 26.46%

PRS 7.05
CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057

CSI 11.72

rCSI 70.89%

PRS 16.46
endothelial cell of artery CL1000413

CSI 11.64

rCSI 17.05%

PRS 39.41
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 11.47

rCSI 32.26%

PRS 10.25
CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396

CSI 11.44

rCSI 8.81%

PRS 6.4
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 10.8

rCSI 37.89%

PRS 12.84
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 10.79

rCSI 9.38%

PRS 8.73
mucosal invariant T cell CL0000940

CSI 10.58

rCSI 8.55%

PRS 14.35
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 10.56

rCSI 16.86%

PRS 7.72
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 10.33

rCSI 70.95%

PRS 14.08
endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138

CSI 10.32

rCSI 20.46%

PRS 22.34
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 10

rCSI 9.31%

PRS 7.12
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 9.95

rCSI 7.72%

PRS 6.72
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 9.78

rCSI 22.3%

PRS 7.37
P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268

CSI 9.68

rCSI 52.73%

PRS 17.92
capillary endothelial cell CL0002144

CSI 9.48

rCSI 17.38%

PRS 39.26
tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001

CSI 9.42

rCSI 40.68%

PRS 13.72
pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064

CSI 9.4

rCSI 12.49%

PRS 7.67
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 9.11

rCSI 7.98%

PRS 9.52
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 9.07

rCSI 11.41%

PRS 10.82
central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907

CSI 9.06

rCSI 6.11%

PRS 8.54
dendritic cell CL0000451

CSI 8.98

rCSI 11.06%

PRS 23.71
squamous epithelial cell CL0000076

CSI 8.9

rCSI 21.13%

PRS 9.38
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 8.7

rCSI 28.23%

PRS 8.65
memory B cell CL0000787

CSI 8.66

rCSI 8.55%

PRS 29.71
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 8.65

rCSI 14.82%

PRS 9.48
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909

CSI 8.62

rCSI 9%

PRS 22.31
nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480

CSI 8.49

rCSI 9.84%

PRS 10.51
gamma-delta T cell CL0000798

CSI 8.36

rCSI 9.82%

PRS 55.14
adventitial cell CL0002503

CSI 8.24

rCSI 19.68%

PRS 11.35
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 8.14

rCSI 8%

PRS 20.94
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 7.78

rCSI 6.45%

PRS 6.71
peptic cell CL0000155

CSI 7.77

rCSI 76.47%

PRS 22.03
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 7.74

rCSI 6.8%

PRS 7.93
CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397

CSI 7.68

rCSI 10.07%

PRS 9.91
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019

CSI 7.64

rCSI 13.47%

PRS 9.34
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 7.55

rCSI 6.97%

PRS 7.19
mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113

CSI 7.55

rCSI 16.62%

PRS 7.77
IgA plasma cell CL0000987

CSI 7.5

rCSI 7.68%

PRS 13.42
smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591

CSI 7.42

rCSI 56.86%

PRS 34.28
smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487

CSI 7.37

rCSI 43.3%

PRS 35.77
renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201

CSI 7.34

rCSI 17.49%

PRS 8.8
enteroglial cell CL4040002

CSI 7.22

rCSI 37.93%

PRS 15.25
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 7.15

rCSI 10.93%

PRS 8.13
BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026

CSI 7.14

rCSI 8.88%

PRS 7.54
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 7.04

rCSI 6.77%

PRS 15.22
endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412

CSI 7.04

rCSI 39.04%

PRS 27.79
vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285

CSI 6.92

rCSI 55.26%

PRS 31.28
mature NK T cell CL0000814

CSI 6.9

rCSI 8.82%

PRS 31.71
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 6.81

rCSI 4.74%

PRS 8.27
effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050

CSI 6.75

rCSI 5.13%

PRS 9.39
paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343

CSI 6.64

rCSI 18.62%

PRS 11.04
unswitched memory B cell CL0000970

CSI 6.64

rCSI 5.59%

PRS 11.75
secretory cell CL0000151

CSI 6.3

rCSI 6.58%

PRS 7.25
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 6.24

rCSI 4.86%

PRS 10.16
keratocyte CL0002363

CSI 6.2

rCSI 14.91%

PRS 10.94
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 6.18

rCSI 8.91%

PRS 9.86

interneuron CL0000099

CSI -30.8

rCSI -61.8%

PRS 5.2%
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI -27.3

rCSI -39.9%

PRS 7.5%
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI -21.1

rCSI -15.2%

PRS 9.6%
platelet CL0000233

CSI -4.8

rCSI -19.8%

PRS 18.5%
regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131

CSI -1.8

rCSI -11.0%

PRS 5.8%
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI -1.5

rCSI -2.0%

PRS 6.3%
pancreatic D cell CL0000173

CSI -1.3

rCSI -1.3%

PRS 7.7%
respiratory hillock cell CL4030023

CSI -1.2

rCSI -2.2%

PRS 12.1%
CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792

CSI -0.7

rCSI -0.7%

PRS 11.3%
paneth cell of colon CL0009009

CSI -0.3

rCSI -3.0%

PRS 21.2%
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001043

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 44.8%
cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.5%

PRS 10.7%
pro-T cell CL0000827

CSI 0.1

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 47.1%
kidney granular cell CL0000648

CSI 0.1

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 48.9%
helper T cell CL0000912

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.2%

PRS 10.2%
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 0.1

rCSI 0.4%

PRS 12.0%
double negative T regulatory cell CL0011024

CSI 0.3

rCSI 4.8%

PRS 50.0%
epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252

CSI 0.3

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 27.7%
retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586

CSI 0.3

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 7.7%
tracheal goblet cell CL1000329

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 14.4%
transit amplifying cell CL0009010

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 11.5%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 5.4%
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 14.2%
renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 7.4%
retina horizontal cell CL0000745

CSI 0.4

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 6.6%
pancreatic PP cell CL0002275

CSI 0.4

rCSI 1.7%

PRS 12.5%
respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 23.5%
lung resident memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033038

CSI 0.5

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 55.6%
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017

CSI 0.5

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 9.1%
kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107

CSI 0.5

rCSI 1.4%

PRS 6.6%
lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 11.7%
paneth cell CL0000510

CSI 0.6

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 11.2%
myoepithelial cell CL0000185

CSI 0.6

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 8.9%
regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129

CSI 0.6

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 8.1%
IgM plasma cell CL0000986

CSI 0.6

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 36.6%
basal cell of epidermis CL0002187

CSI 0.6

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 8.6%
colonocyte CL1000347

CSI 0.7

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 9.7%
endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 12.9%
prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059

CSI 0.7

rCSI 17.5%

PRS 26.3%
syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525

CSI 0.8

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 14.2%
hepatic pit cell CL2000054

CSI 0.8

rCSI 10.7%

PRS 54.0%
muscle cell CL0000187

CSI 0.8

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 17.0%
CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810

CSI 0.8

rCSI 0.6%

PRS 13.0%
transitional stage B cell CL0000818

CSI 0.8

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 21.2%
deuterosomal cell CL4033044

CSI 0.8

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 12.1%
hepatocyte CL0000182

CSI 0.8

rCSI 1.5%

PRS 6.7%
eosinophil CL0000771

CSI 0.8

rCSI 5.5%

PRS 18.7%
enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006

CSI 0.9

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 10.9%
parietal epithelial cell CL1000452

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 6.7%
mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791

CSI 0.9

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 12.2%
colon goblet cell CL0009039

CSI 0.9

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 10.6%
epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296

CSI 0.9

rCSI 23.8%

PRS 24.5%
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 1.0

rCSI 0.8%

PRS 12.5%
type B pancreatic cell CL0000169

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 6.6%
airway submucosal gland duct basal cell CL4033024

CSI 1.1

rCSI 6.7%

PRS 28.2%
transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011

CSI 1.1

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 8.4%
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 1.1

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 7.4%
kidney connecting tubule principal cell CL4030018

CSI 1.2

rCSI 8.4%

PRS 56.3%
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 1.2

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 6.6%
astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605

CSI 1.2

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 4.4%
metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042

CSI 1.3

rCSI 13.7%

PRS 32.0%
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 1.3

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 6.2%
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 1.3

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 16.1%
cholangiocyte CL1000488

CSI 1.3

rCSI 7.9%

PRS 12.7%
serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005

CSI 1.3

rCSI 7.5%

PRS 33.4%
basophil CL0000767

CSI 1.3

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 15.3%
kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849

CSI 1.4

rCSI 14.3%

PRS 10.9%
osteoblast CL0000062

CSI 1.4

rCSI 34.3%

PRS 55.5%
follicular B cell CL0000843

CSI 1.4

rCSI 5.1%

PRS 32.0%
corneal epithelial cell CL0000575

CSI 1.4

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 13.3%
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.6%

PRS 7.2%
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 1.5

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 6.2%
endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092

CSI 1.5

rCSI 7.3%

PRS 9.6%
basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348

CSI 1.5

rCSI 10.5%

PRS 22.7%
myelocyte CL0002193

CSI 1.5

rCSI 9.8%

PRS 24.1%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811

CSI 1.6

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 18.1%
contractile cell CL0000183

CSI 1.6

rCSI 4.7%

PRS 5.1%
endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139

CSI 1.7

rCSI 9.0%

PRS 15.2%
class switched memory B cell CL0000972

CSI 1.7

rCSI 1.2%

PRS 12.0%
pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079

CSI 1.7

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 7.2%
acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623

CSI 1.7

rCSI 39.8%

PRS 11.5%
hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092

CSI 1.7

rCSI 29.9%

PRS 29.6%
pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000

CSI 1.7

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 8.9%
centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029

CSI 1.8

rCSI 4.6%

PRS 12.1%
small intestine goblet cell CL1000495

CSI 1.9

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 9.6%
bronchial goblet cell CL1000312

CSI 1.9

rCSI 7.5%

PRS 15.6%
pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062

CSI 1.9

rCSI 10.9%

PRS 10.1%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 1.9

rCSI 8.2%

PRS 13.0%
kidney epithelial cell CL0002518

CSI 1.9

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 17.0%
common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051

CSI 2.0

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 13.5%
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 2.0

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 10.2%
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 2.0

rCSI 9.9%

PRS 9.3%
acinar cell CL0000622

CSI 2.0

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 9.3%
stratified epithelial cell CL0000079

CSI 2.0

rCSI 12.4%

PRS 33.1%
kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106

CSI 2.0

rCSI 17.5%

PRS 15.6%
epicardial adipocyte CL1000309

CSI 2.0

rCSI 6.6%

PRS 9.9%
late pro-B cell CL0002048

CSI 2.1

rCSI 5.1%

PRS 22.8%
enterocyte CL0000584

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 11.4%
ciliated cell CL0000064

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 7.2%
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI 2.2

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 5.4%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616), or Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Inducible Beta, is an intracellular protein that functions as a critical sensor and mediator of cellular stress. Its primary roles involve the regulation of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of MAP kinase signaling pathways, particularly the JNK and p38 cascades. Expression data from the **Overall** context indicate that [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) is most significant in stromal and endothelial cells, such as [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620) and [pulmonary artery endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001568), as well as in specific immune cell populations including [natural killer cells](/details-cell/CL0000939) and [immature B cells](/details-cell/CL0000816). This expression pattern suggests a broad function in tissue homeostasis, repair, and immune cell development and response. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) highlights its importance in cells that are structurally active or involved in high-turnover processes. The highest significance is observed in various fibroblast populations, including [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620) (CSI: 48.04), [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) (CSI: 34.42), and [alveolar adventitial fibroblast](/details-cell/CL4028006) (CSI: 29.96), suggesting a role in extracellular matrix maintenance and tissue remodeling. Its high CSI in [pulmonary artery endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001568) (CSI: 44.80) and [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 40.00) further points to a role in maintaining the integrity and function of vascular and mucosal linings. Within the immune system, [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) shows a specific pattern of significance. It is a notable marker in [CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human](/details-cell/CL0000939) (CSI: 29.78), [immature B cell](/details-cell/CL0000816) (CSI: 29.61), and [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) (CSI: 25.36). This is consistent with a function in immune cell differentiation, activation, or stress-induced apoptosis. Conversely, the gene is a significant anti-marker in neuronal populations, particularly [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099) (CSI: -30.79), indicating a highly specialized role outside of the central nervous system. Its low significance in certain terminally differentiated T cell subsets, such as [CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000897) (CSI: -21.12), contrasts with its relevance in immature B cells, suggesting its function may be more critical during early lymphocyte development rather than in maintaining long-term memory. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) are tightly linked to cellular stress response and fate decisions. Its involvement in biological processes such as the `Apoptotic process` ([GO:0006915](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006915)), `Cell differentiation` ([GO:0030154](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030154)), and `Regulation of cell cycle` ([GO:0051726](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051726)) aligns with its "growth arrest and DNA damage inducible" nomenclature. A key aspect of its mechanism is the `Positive regulation of jnk cascade` ([GO:0046330](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046330)) and `Positive regulation of p38mapk cascade` ([GO:1900745](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1900745)). It acts as a stress-inducible activator of the MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK, linking environmental stressors to downstream kinase signaling pathways that control cell survival and apoptosis [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81619-0). Its annotated molecular function primarily involves `Protein binding` ([GO:0005515](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515)), consistent with its role as a scaffold or adaptor protein in signaling complexes. Functionally, [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) is active in both the `Nucleus` ([GO:0005634](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634)) and `Cytoplasm` ([GO:0005737](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737)), suggesting it may shuttle between compartments to execute its diverse functions. ## Research Directions The expression pattern and known functions of [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) suggest several avenues for future research. The data points toward a critical, context-dependent role in both structural and immune cells. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in multiple fibroblast subtypes, [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) may act as a crucial regulator of fibroblast activation and resolution during wound healing. It could promote initial cell cycle arrest to prevent excessive proliferation and later mediate apoptosis to resolve the fibrotic response, thereby preventing scarring. 2. The distinct expression profile within the hematopoietic system—high in [immature B cells](/details-cell/CL0000816) and NK cells but low in memory T cells—suggests that [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) is essential for specific developmental checkpoints or effector functions. It may be required for mediating selection signals during B cell maturation in the bone marrow or for regulating the activation-induced cell death of NK cells to maintain immune homeostasis. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding its role in fibroblast biology, one could utilize an *in vitro* model of wound healing. The proposed experiment would involve: - Using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock down [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts. - Performing a scratch wound assay on confluent monolayers of control and knockdown cells to quantify differences in cell migration and proliferation rates. - Treating the cells with TGF-β1 to induce myofibroblast differentiation and assessing key fibrotic markers, such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I, using qPCR and Western blotting to determine if [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) modulates this pro-fibrotic transition. **Therapeutic Potential:** The role of [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) in apoptosis and cell cycle control makes it a context-dependent therapeutic target. In oncology, where apoptosis is often suppressed, strategies to **activate** or restore [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) function could represent a pro-apoptotic therapeutic approach. Conversely, in chronic inflammatory or fibrotic diseases characterized by excessive cell accumulation (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), targeted **inhibition** of [GADD45B](/details-gene/4616) could potentially reduce the persistence of pathogenic fibroblasts. As an intracellular protein, it is not readily targetable by antibodies, suggesting that small molecule modulators or gene-based therapies would be the most likely therapeutic modalities.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta

Genular Protein ID: 3479569628

Symbol: GA45B_HUMAN

Name: Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O75293 A8KAM2 O75960 Q17R46

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9827804

Title: A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK.

PubMed ID: 9827804

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81619-0

PubMed ID: 10773677

Title: Assignment of human GADD45G to chromosome 9q22.1-->q22.3 by radiation hybrid mapping.

PubMed ID: 10773677

DOI: 10.1159/000015496

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12716909

Title: CR6-interacting factor 1 interacts with Gadd45 family proteins and modulates the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 12716909

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212835200

Sequence Information:

Length: 160
Mass: 17818
Checksum: 52712E307B322D46
Sequence:

MTLEELVACD NAAQKMQTVT AAVEELLVAA QRQDRLTVGV YESAKLMNVD PDSVVLCLLA 
IDEEEEDDIA LQIHFTLIQS FCCDNDINIV RVSGMQRLAQ LLGEPAETQG TTEARDLHCL 
LVTNPHTDAW KSHGLVEVAS YCEESRGNNQ WVPYISLQER

Details for: GADD45B

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK. PubMed ID: 9827804

Assignment of human GADD45G to chromosome 9q22.1--&gt;q22.3 by radiation hybrid mapping. PubMed ID: 10773677

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. PubMed ID: 15057824