Details for: PCYT1A

Gene ID: 5130

Symbol: PCYT1A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161217

Description: phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1A, choline

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 158.2176
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 98.5242
    Cell Significance Index: -24.9900
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 69.2321
    Cell Significance Index: -28.5200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 57.2913
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2800
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 51.4984
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4900
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 24.4254
    Cell Significance Index: -23.3200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 21.2497
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2000
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 9.8344
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 7.6185
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.7308
    Cell Significance Index: -26.5600
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 5.3459
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.3361
    Cell Significance Index: 80.2200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.2441
    Cell Significance Index: 1123.3500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.0972
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.0155
    Cell Significance Index: 110.4600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9879
    Cell Significance Index: 198.1800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.9699
    Cell Significance Index: 27.9500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.9276
    Cell Significance Index: 71.1900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.8003
    Cell Significance Index: 21.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7551
    Cell Significance Index: 122.8100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.7072
    Cell Significance Index: 489.1000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.6992
    Cell Significance Index: 250.8000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.5844
    Cell Significance Index: 30.4400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5448
    Cell Significance Index: 37.6800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.4794
    Cell Significance Index: 95.1400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.4437
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.4410
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.4394
    Cell Significance Index: 79.2100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.4271
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.3839
    Cell Significance Index: 47.2100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.3774
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.3619
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3353
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2895
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.2696
    Cell Significance Index: 37.0300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2509
    Cell Significance Index: 47.7500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2362
    Cell Significance Index: 104.4100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1894
    Cell Significance Index: 103.4100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1887
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.1558
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1178
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1079
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1075
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: 37.1300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0153
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -25.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0457
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -30.6600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0671
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0763
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0856
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0865
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0937
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0948
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0959
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1014
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.1083
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1142
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1429
    Cell Significance Index: -30.0900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1444
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1546
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1661
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.2260
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2313
    Cell Significance Index: -24.0800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.2747
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.2781
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2838
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.3045
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.3108
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.3202
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3324
    Cell Significance Index: -20.3800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.3382
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.3421
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.3424
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.3675
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8000
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.4115
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.4398
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5500
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.4418
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.4441
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.4627
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.4741
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.4807
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0500
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.4845
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzyme Activity:** PCYT1A is a cytidylyltransferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a cytidine diphosphate (CDP) moiety to choline, resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholine (PC). 2. **Cellular Localization:** PCYT1A is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nuclear envelope, where it plays a critical role in phospholipid biosynthesis. 3. **Protein Structure:** PCYT1A is a homodimeric enzyme, consisting of two identical subunits, which interact with each other to facilitate enzyme activity. 4. **Regulation:** PCYT1A is regulated by various factors, including calcium ions, which play a crucial role in modulating its activity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Phospholipid Biosynthesis:** PCYT1A is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of phospholipids, specifically phosphatidylcholine, which is a major component of cellular membranes. 2. **Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis:** PCYT1A is involved in the biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. 3. **Lipid Metabolism:** PCYT1A plays a critical role in lipid metabolism, regulating the levels of phospholipids and influencing cellular signaling pathways. 4. **Neurotransmission:** PCYT1A has been implicated in neurotransmission, particularly in the regulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** 1. **Neurons:** PCYT1A is highly expressed in various neuronal cell types, including GABAergic cortical interneurons, glutamatergic cortical neurons, and dopaminergic neurons. 2. **Retinal Ganglion Cells:** PCYT1A is also expressed in retinal ganglion cells, where it plays a critical role in the regulation of neurotransmission. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Neurological Disorders:** PCYT1A has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. 2. **Cognitive Impairment:** Abnormalities in PCYT1A expression have been linked to cognitive impairment and dementia. 3. **Neurodevelopmental Disorders:** PCYT1A has also been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In conclusion, PCYT1A plays a critical role in phospholipid metabolism and neurotransmission, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying PCYT1A's role in human disease and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurological disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1510493427

Symbol: PCY1A_HUMAN

Name: Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7918629

Title: Primary structure and expression of a human CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 7918629

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90056-6

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8155650

Title: Membrane-binding amphipathic alpha-helical peptide derived from CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 8155650

DOI: 10.1021/bi00180a029

PubMed ID: 8810902

Title: Structure of the membrane binding domain of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 8810902

DOI: 10.1021/bi960821+

PubMed ID: 10480912

Title: Distribution of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) isoforms. Identification of a new CCTbeta splice variant.

PubMed ID: 10480912

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.38.26992

PubMed ID: 15069071

Title: Membrane binding modulates the quaternary structure of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.

PubMed ID: 15069071

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403311200

PubMed ID: 17081983

Title: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

PubMed ID: 17081983

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026

PubMed ID: 16964243

Title: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization.

PubMed ID: 16964243

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1240

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 24387990

Title: Mutations in PCYT1A, encoding a key regulator of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, cause spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy.

PubMed ID: 24387990

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.018

PubMed ID: 24387991

Title: Mutations in PCYT1A cause spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy.

PubMed ID: 24387991

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.022

PubMed ID: 24889630

Title: Mutations disrupting the Kennedy phosphatidylcholine pathway in humans with congenital lipodystrophy and fatty liver disease.

PubMed ID: 24889630

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408523111

PubMed ID: 30559292

Title: Disease-linked mutations in the phosphatidylcholine regulatory enzyme CCTalpha impair enzymatic activity and fold stability.

PubMed ID: 30559292

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006457

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 367
  • Mass: 41731
  • Checksum: 38CE9D5CF2E2AEE2
  • Sequence:
  • MDAQCSAKVN ARKRRKEAPG PNGATEEDGV PSKVQRCAVG LRQPAPFSDE IEVDFSKPYV 
    RVTMEEASRG TPCERPVRVY ADGIFDLFHS GHARALMQAK NLFPNTYLIV GVCSDELTHN 
    FKGFTVMNEN ERYDAVQHCR YVDEVVRNAP WTLTPEFLAE HRIDFVAHDD IPYSSAGSDD 
    VYKHIKEAGM FAPTQRTEGI STSDIITRIV RDYDVYARRN LQRGYTAKEL NVSFINEKKY 
    HLQERVDKVK KKVKDVEEKS KEFVQKVEEK SIDLIQKWEE KSREFIGSFL EMFGPEGALK 
    HMLKEGKGRM LQAISPKQSP SSSPTRERSP SPSFRWPFSG KTSPPCSPAN LSRHKAAAYD 
    ISEDEED

Genular Protein ID: 567869408

Symbol: B4E322_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 328
  • Mass: 37368
  • Checksum: 266742AF70B8D21A
  • Sequence:
  • MDAQCSAKVN ARKRRKEAPG PNGATEEASR GTPCERPVRV YADGIFDLFH SGHARALMQA 
    KNLFPNTYLI VGVCSDELTH NFKGFTVMNE NERYDAVQHC RYVDEVVRNA PWTLTPEFLA 
    EHRIDFVAHD DIPYSSAGSD DVYKHIKEAG MFAPTQRTEG ISTSDIITRI VRDYDVYARR 
    NLQRGYTAKE LNVSFINEKK YHLQERVDKV KKKVKDVEEK SKEFVQKVEE KSIDLIQKWE 
    EKSREFIGSF LEMFGPEGAL KHMLKEGKGR MLQAISPKQS PSSSPTRERS PSPSFRWPFS 
    GKTSPPCSPA NLSRHKAAAY DISEDEED

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.