Details for: TAF9B

Gene ID: 51616

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TAF9B

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187325

Description: TATA-box binding protein associated factor 9b

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.64
    rCSI 3.67%
    PRS 97.48
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 2.94%
    PRS 99.01
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 3.43
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 99.2
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.93
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 97.75
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 2.61%
    PRS 98.38
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 5.18%
    PRS 96.6
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 98.36
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 3.16%
    PRS 96.03
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.95%
    PRS 97.56
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 2.92%
    PRS 95.75
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 95.9
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 95.18
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 96.5
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 4.62%
    PRS 97.83
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.27
    rCSI 3.97%
    PRS 95.38
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 1.21
    rCSI 3.88%
    PRS 98.31

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) (TATA-box binding protein associated factor 9b) is a protein-coding gene located on the X chromosome that encodes a subunit of the general transcription initiation factor TFIID complex. Functionally, it is integral to the process of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. As a core component of the transcriptional machinery, [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, cell growth, and apoptosis. Expression data indicates its particular significance in a diverse array of progenitor cells and various neuronal subtypes, suggesting a crucial role in cellular differentiation, development, and the maintenance of specialized cell functions. One study has confirmed it is a bona fide TAF with unique and overlapping functions with its paralog TAF9 ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.11.4638-4649.2005)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) highlights its importance across a wide range of cell types, with a notable enrichment in progenitor and nervous system cells. The highest significance is observed in [neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012) (CSI: 4.64), indicating a potentially vital role in the development of tissues derived from this multipotent cell population. The gene's prominence extends to hematopoietic and immune system development, as evidenced by high significance scores in [group 3 innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001071) (CSI: 3.92), [early lymphoid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000936) (CSI: 3.43), and [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 2.89). This suggests that [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) is a key transcriptional regulator during the early stages of immune and blood cell differentiation. Furthermore, [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) shows significant expression across multiple cell types of the central and peripheral nervous systems. These include progenitor cells like [radial glial cell](/details-cell/CL0000681), [neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)](/details-cell/CL0000031), and [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030), as well as mature, specialized neurons such as [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751) and [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017). This broad but significant expression pattern within the nervous system points to a continuous role for [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) from neurogenesis to the maintenance of terminal neuronal function. Its high CSI in [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312) also suggests a role in epithelial tissue homeostasis. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) is a core component of the machinery that controls gene expression. Its molecular function is primarily associated with '[Rna polymerase ii general transcription initiation factor activity](/details-gene/GO:0016251)' as part of the '[transcription factor tfiid complex](/details-gene/GO:0005669)'. Reactome pathway analysis confirms its central role in '[Gene expression (transcription)](/details-gene/R-HSA-74160)' and specifically in multiple steps of '[Rna polymerase ii transcription initiation](/details-gene/R-HSA-75953)'. Beyond its canonical role in transcription, [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) is implicated in crucial cell fate decisions. Gene Ontology terms link it to the '[negative regulation of apoptotic process](/details-gene/GO:0043066)' and the '[positive regulation of cell growth](/details-gene/GO:0030307)'. This is further supported by its involvement in pathways regulating the tumor suppressor TP53, such as '[Transcriptional regulation by tp53](/details-gene/R-HSA-3700989)' and '[Regulation of tp53 activity](/details-gene/R-HSA-5633007)'. Additionally, its annotation in '[Hiv life cycle](/details-gene/R-HSA-162587)' pathways suggests that the host transcriptional machinery involving [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) may be co-opted during viral infection to facilitate viral gene expression. ## Research Directions The widespread significance of [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) in various progenitor populations and terminally differentiated cells provides a foundation for several key research questions. Understanding how this general transcription factor contributes to cell-specific outcomes is a critical area for future investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in multiple, distinct progenitor cell populations ([neural crest cell](/details-cell/CL0011012), [early lymphoid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000936), [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050)), [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) may function as a crucial gatekeeper of lineage commitment. It could regulate a common set of pluripotency-associated genes or interact with lineage-specific master regulators to control entry into different developmental pathways. 2. The high CSI scores of [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) in various mature neuronal subtypes (e.g., [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017), [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751)) suggest it is required for maintaining the terminal identity and function of these post-mitotic cells. Its disruption in specific neurons could lead to de-differentiation or functional decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in lineage commitment, a compelling experiment would be to use a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to achieve a tunable knockdown of [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). These modified hiPSCs could then be directed to differentiate towards hematopoietic and neural crest lineages in parallel. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) combined with cellular barcoding at multiple time points would reveal if [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) knockdown biases differentiation, stalls cells at a progenitor stage, or generates aberrant cell types. This would clarify its role as a potential switch or stabilizer in key developmental decisions. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular component of the core transcription machinery, [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) presents a challenging direct therapeutic target. Its broad importance in healthy progenitor and neuronal cells suggests that systemic inhibition would likely result in significant toxicity. However, its high expression in cancer precursors like [glioblast](/details-cell/CL0000030) suggests it could be a dependency in certain malignancies. Therefore, therapeutic strategies might focus on disrupting specific, cancer-relevant protein-protein interactions of [TAF9B](/details-gene/51616) rather than inhibiting the protein itself. Further research into its interactome in diseased versus healthy cells could unveil more druggable nodes for targeted intervention.

Genular Protein ID: 4063255103

Symbol: TAF9B_HUMAN

Name: Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 9B

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9HBM6 B2RUZ9 Q9Y2S3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 EMDB 2 Ensembl 1 GO 12 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 10 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15899866

Title: TAF9b (formerly TAF9L) is a bona fide TAF that has unique and overlapping roles with TAF9.

PubMed ID: 15899866

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.11.4638-4649.2005

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 251
  • Mass: 27622
  • Checksum: EB3A1116F7E8BCA0
  • Sequence:
    • MESGKMAPPK NAPRDALVMA QILKDMGITE YEPRVINQML EFAFRYVTTI LDDAKIYSSH 
AKKPNVDADD VRLAIQCRAD QSFTSPPPRD FLLDIARQKN QTPLPLIKPY AGPRLPPDRY 
CLTAPNYRLK SLIKKGPNQG RLVPRLSVGA VSSKPTTPTI ATPQTVSVPN KVATPMSVTS 
QRFTVQIPPS QSTPVKPVPA TTAVQNVLIN PSMIGPKNIL ITTNMVSSQN TANEANPLKR 
KHEDDDDNDI M