Details for: PTRH2

Gene ID: 51651

Symbol: PTRH2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000141378

Description: peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 186.3124
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 113.7424
    Cell Significance Index: -28.8500
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 72.0237
    Cell Significance Index: -29.6700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 65.7880
    Cell Significance Index: -31.0600
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 61.8943
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1500
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 26.4626
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 24.6156
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 10.5922
    Cell Significance Index: -28.3800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 7.7901
    Cell Significance Index: -30.7400
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 5.9483
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.8325
    Cell Significance Index: 181.2800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.4083
    Cell Significance Index: 1271.6000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.3179
    Cell Significance Index: 261.5500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.9514
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.8599
    Cell Significance Index: 24.6500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.7913
    Cell Significance Index: 21.1300
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.7891
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.6991
    Cell Significance Index: 42.9700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.6570
    Cell Significance Index: 29.7800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.6086
    Cell Significance Index: 34.1500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5894
    Cell Significance Index: 30.6200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.5559
    Cell Significance Index: 100.2100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.5349
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4607
    Cell Significance Index: 251.5800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4356
    Cell Significance Index: 53.5700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.3754
    Cell Significance Index: 48.5000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.3481
    Cell Significance Index: 26.7100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.3451
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3316
    Cell Significance Index: 146.5900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.3203
    Cell Significance Index: 43.9800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.3180
    Cell Significance Index: 23.7000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3175
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3163
    Cell Significance Index: 113.4500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.2818
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2794
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.2776
    Cell Significance Index: 13.0500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.2408
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0200
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.2393
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.2288
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2285
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.2159
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1871
    Cell Significance Index: 129.4400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1525
    Cell Significance Index: 29.0200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1008
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0959
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0718
    Cell Significance Index: 97.6000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0717
    Cell Significance Index: 110.3400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: 116.7200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: 96.9000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.0413
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0233
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0312
    Cell Significance Index: -23.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0431
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0466
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -33.5800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0848
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0902
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0949
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1280
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1327
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1475
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1531
    Cell Significance Index: -32.2500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1535
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1855
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2206
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6700
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.2440
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2557
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3134
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.3214
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3399
    Cell Significance Index: -26.9200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.3681
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4026
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.4166
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.4299
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.4518
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.4810
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.5073
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.5174
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7200
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.5689
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.5713
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5100
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.5746
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1700
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.5843
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.6048
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2600
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.6263
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.6312
    Cell Significance Index: -23.1700
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.6316
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.6325
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** PTRH2 is a mitochondrial enzyme with a specific substrate specificity for peptidyl-tRNA. It is highly expressed in various cell types, including hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and smooth muscle fibers of the ileum. PTRH2 exhibits a high degree of cellular localization, primarily found in the mitochondrial outer membrane. The enzyme's activity is crucial for the regulation of protein synthesis and the termination of translation. **Pathways and Functions:** PTRH2 is involved in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Aminoacyl-tRNA Hydrolase Activity:** PTRH2 hydrolyzes peptidyl-tRNA, a critical step in the termination of protein synthesis. 2. **Apoptotic Process:** PTRH2 regulates apoptosis by modulating the activity of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. 3. **Deubiquitination:** PTRH2 is involved in the deubiquitination of proteins, which is essential for the regulation of protein stability and turnover. 4. **Post-Translational Protein Modification:** PTRH2 plays a role in the regulation of post-translational protein modification, including the cleavage of ubiquitin-modified proteins. 5. **Negative Regulation of Anoikis:** PTRH2 inhibits anoikis, a process by which cells undergo programmed cell death in response to loss of adhesion. 6. **Negative Regulation of Gene Expression:** PTRH2 regulates gene expression by modulating the activity of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. **Clinical Significance:** PTRH2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer:** PTRH2 is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer. Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and increased tumor aggressiveness. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** PTRH2 has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Its dysregulation is associated with protein aggregation and neuronal cell death. 3. **Immunological Disorders:** PTRH2 plays a role in the regulation of immune responses, including the negative regulation of anoikis and the modulation of immune cell function. In conclusion, PTRH2 is a critical enzyme that plays a multifaceted role in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, apoptotic regulation, and post-translational protein modification. Its dysregulation has been implicated in several diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of PTRH2.

Genular Protein ID: 3738015126

Symbol: PTH2_HUMAN

Name: Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10810093

Title: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics.

PubMed ID: 10810093

DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.5.703

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15006356

Title: A mitochondrial protein, Bit1, mediates apoptosis regulated by integrins and Groucho/TLE corepressors.

PubMed ID: 15006356

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00204-1

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 25574476

Title: Mutations in PTRH2 cause novel infantile-onset multisystem disease with intellectual disability, microcephaly, progressive ataxia, and muscle weakness.

PubMed ID: 25574476

DOI: 10.1002/acn3.149

PubMed ID: 25558065

Title: Accelerating novel candidate gene discovery in neurogenetic disorders via whole-exome sequencing of prescreened multiplex consanguineous families.

PubMed ID: 25558065

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.015

PubMed ID: 25621951

Title: USP30 and parkin homeostatically regulate atypical ubiquitin chains on mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 25621951

DOI: 10.1038/ncb3097

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27184847

Title: APEX Fingerprinting Reveals the Subcellular Localization of Proteins of Interest.

PubMed ID: 27184847

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.064

PubMed ID: 14660562

Title: Crystal structure of a human peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase reveals a new fold and suggests basis for a bifunctional activity.

PubMed ID: 14660562

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311449200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 179
  • Mass: 19194
  • Checksum: 11A0BA9ECF6B5E46
  • Sequence:
  • MPSKSLVMEY LAHPSTLGLA VGVACGMCLG WSLRVCFGML PKSKTSKTHT DTESEASILG 
    DSGEYKMILV VRNDLKMGKG KVAAQCSHAA VSAYKQIQRR NPEMLKQWEY CGQPKVVVKA 
    PDEETLIALL AHAKMLGLTV SLIQDAGRTQ IAPGSQTVLG IGPGPADLID KVTGHLKLY

Genular Protein ID: 1037647765

Symbol: J3KQ48_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 180
  • Mass: 19325
  • Checksum: FCA0F7AA92E9EC8D
  • Sequence:
  • MMPSKSLVME YLAHPSTLGL AVGVACGMCL GWSLRVCFGM LPKSKTSKTH TDTESEASIL 
    GDSGEYKMIL VVRNDLKMGK GKVAAQCSHA AVSAYKQIQR RNPEMLKQWE YCGQPKVVVK 
    APDEETLIAL LAHAKMLGLT VSLIQDAGRT QIAPGSQTVL GIGPGPADLI DKVTGHLKLY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.