Details for: RAC2

Gene ID: 5880

Symbol: RAC2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128340

Description: Rac family small GTPase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 136.2948
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2000
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 77.3156
    Cell Significance Index: -39.7700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 61.2129
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9000
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 29.1689
    Cell Significance Index: 78.1400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 18.2002
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4400
  • Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
    Fold Change: 17.7492
    Cell Significance Index: 41.4100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 10.2100
    Cell Significance Index: 299.8600
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 9.9692
    Cell Significance Index: -30.6200
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 7.0351
    Cell Significance Index: 44.9100
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 6.9429
    Cell Significance Index: 46.0600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.1885
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4200
  • Cell Name: T-helper 22 cell (CL0001042)
    Fold Change: 5.8765
    Cell Significance Index: 17.9100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 4.9247
    Cell Significance Index: 580.7700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 4.1049
    Cell Significance Index: 75.8700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 4.0546
    Cell Significance Index: 261.5900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 2.8523
    Cell Significance Index: 282.1600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 2.5371
    Cell Significance Index: 295.6700
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte progenitor cell (CL0000553)
    Fold Change: 1.3007
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3500
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: 1.0801
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.9670
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9591
    Cell Significance Index: 156.0000
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.8914
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7100
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.5447
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4504
    Cell Significance Index: 31.1500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3404
    Cell Significance Index: 20.4400
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: 0.3316
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9000
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 0.2531
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1791
    Cell Significance Index: 97.7900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0712
    Cell Significance Index: 13.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0686
    Cell Significance Index: 42.8400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -23.3000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -25.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -25.5900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0180
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -25.5200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0287
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0430
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -41.3800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0609
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0611
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0614
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: -40.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0696
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0810
    Cell Significance Index: -36.7500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0831
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0911
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: -0.0971
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0990
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5300
  • Cell Name: activated type II NK T cell (CL0000931)
    Fold Change: -0.1172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1199
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1386
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1561
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.1881
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2016
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2019
    Cell Significance Index: -23.1400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2273
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2595
    Cell Significance Index: -33.2700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.2799
    Cell Significance Index: -40.6900
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.2820
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: -0.2879
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.3012
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.3340
    Cell Significance Index: -25.6300
  • Cell Name: central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000907)
    Fold Change: -0.3535
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3978
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3992
    Cell Significance Index: -26.8400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.4281
    Cell Significance Index: -30.2800
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.4529
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4721
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4900
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: -0.4892
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.4904
    Cell Significance Index: -25.7500
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.4977
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.5226
    Cell Significance Index: -32.1200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.5232
    Cell Significance Index: -41.4400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.5283
    Cell Significance Index: -32.3900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.5366
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000624)
    Fold Change: -0.5398
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.5957
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.6200
    Cell Significance Index: -20.3000
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.6248
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5000
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: -0.6278
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.6628
    Cell Significance Index: -23.2200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6664
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.6716
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7700
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: -0.6919
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.6959
    Cell Significance Index: -22.2900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.6977
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4200
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.7150
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Small GTPase**: RAC2 is a member of the RAC family of small GTPases, which are essential regulators of cellular signaling pathways. 2. **Immune Cell Migration**: RAC2 is involved in the regulation of immune cell migration, including the migration of T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. 3. **Signaling Pathways**: RAC2 regulates various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, and the WNT signaling pathway. 4. **Cell-Substrate Adhesion**: RAC2 regulates cell-substrate adhesion, which is essential for cell migration and immune cell function. 5. **Regulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolic Process**: RAC2 regulates the hydrogen peroxide metabolic process, which is essential for the function of immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. **Pathways and Functions:** RAC2 is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Immune Cell Migration**: RAC2 regulates the migration of immune cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. 2. **Signaling by Rho GTPases**: RAC2 regulates signaling by Rho GTPases, including the activation of Nadph oxidases and the regulation of respiratory burst. 3. **Cell-Substrate Adhesion**: RAC2 regulates cell-substrate adhesion, which is essential for cell migration and immune cell function. 4. **Regulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolic Process**: RAC2 regulates the hydrogen peroxide metabolic process, which is essential for the function of immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. 5. **Regulation of Mast Cell Chemotaxis**: RAC2 regulates the chemotaxis of mast cells, which is essential for the regulation of allergic responses. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of RAC2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: RAC2 dysregulation has been implicated in the development and progression of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma. 2. **Autoimmune Disorders**: RAC2 dysregulation has been implicated in autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 3. **Infectious Diseases**: RAC2 dysregulation has been implicated in infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and HIV infection. In conclusion, the RAC2 gene is a critical regulator of immune cell migration and signaling. Dysregulation of RAC2 has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3527844392

Symbol: RAC2_HUMAN

Name: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2674130

Title: Rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates.

PubMed ID: 2674130

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84716-6

PubMed ID: 15461802

Title: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome.

PubMed ID: 15461802

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84

PubMed ID: 10591208

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.

PubMed ID: 10591208

DOI: 10.1038/990031

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1316893

Title: Regulation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase by a small GTP-binding protein and its stimulatory and inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins.

PubMed ID: 1316893

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50005-9

PubMed ID: 1660188

Title: Regulation of phagocyte oxygen radical production by the GTP-binding protein Rac 2.

PubMed ID: 1660188

DOI: 10.1126/science.1660188

PubMed ID: 1902092

Title: A hemopoietic specific gene encoding a small GTP binding protein is overexpressed during T cell activation.

PubMed ID: 1902092

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91585-z

PubMed ID: 8504089

Title: Regulation of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase by rho-related G-proteins.

PubMed ID: 8504089

DOI: 10.1021/bi00072a029

PubMed ID: 1903399

Title: Carboxyl-terminal isoprenylation of ras-related GTP-binding proteins encoded by rac1, rac2, and ralA.

PubMed ID: 1903399

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92889-9

PubMed ID: 10559471

Title: Non-adherent cell-specific expression of DOCK2, a member of the human CDM-family proteins.

PubMed ID: 10559471

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00133-0

PubMed ID: 15642721

Title: The arachidonic acid-binding protein S100A8/A9 promotes NADPH oxidase activation by interaction with p67phox and Rac-2.

PubMed ID: 15642721

DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2377fje

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24141704

Title: A bacterial toxin catalyzing tyrosine glycosylation of Rho and deamidation of Gq and Gi proteins.

PubMed ID: 24141704

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2688

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 10655614

Title: The Rac-RhoGDI complex and the structural basis for the regulation of Rho proteins by RhoGDI.

PubMed ID: 10655614

DOI: 10.1038/72392

PubMed ID: 10758162

Title: Human neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an inhibitory Rac2 mutation.

PubMed ID: 10758162

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.080074897

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 25512081

Title: RAC2 loss-of-function mutation in 2 siblings with characteristics of common variable immunodeficiency.

PubMed ID: 25512081

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.039

PubMed ID: 30723080

Title: Dominant activating RAC2 mutation with lymphopenia, immunodeficiency, and cytoskeletal defects.

PubMed ID: 30723080

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-886028

PubMed ID: 31071452

Title: Heterozygous activating mutation in RAC2 causes infantile-onset combined immunodeficiency with susceptibility to viral infections.

PubMed ID: 31071452

DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.05.003

PubMed ID: 30654050

Title: A monoallelic activating mutation in RAC2 resulting in a combined immunodeficiency.

PubMed ID: 30654050

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.001

PubMed ID: 31382036

Title: A dominant activating RAC2 variant associated with immunodeficiency and pulmonary disease.

PubMed ID: 31382036

DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108248

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 192
  • Mass: 21429
  • Checksum: 2A1F1266B07C3210
  • Sequence:
  • MQAIKCVVVG DGAVGKTCLL ISYTTNAFPG EYIPTVFDNY SANVMVDSKP VNLGLWDTAG 
    QEDYDRLRPL SYPQTDVFLI CFSLVSPASY ENVRAKWFPE VRHHCPSTPI ILVGTKLDLR 
    DDKDTIEKLK EKKLAPITYP QGLALAKEID SVKYLECSAL TQRGLKTVFD EAIRAVLCPQ 
    PTRQQKRACS LL

Genular Protein ID: 223410304

Symbol: V9H0H7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11042152

Title: Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

PubMed ID: 11042152

DOI: 10.1101/gr.140200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 201
  • Mass: 22269
  • Checksum: D91C32E83A22C51A
  • Sequence:
  • MDPGWPCCPL PVAFLSRWLQ SFVDGLFCTG GLLRQRTCKF AGAASQAPHA PAFLRARGEP 
    QDPLSHPRVP AVSANCRMWK HLPVHSSPTP RLTPLWKLQA RWLLPQLVYL QGWGSYSLLR 
    PAALISMVLL AREFLYPAKM SVSEVCSSGL SSPLLEQHKT NLIFYASGDI CSANGKSGFN 
    QPLPFLKTFC STHRILSCTY L

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.