Details for: REST

Gene ID: 5978

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: REST

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084093

Description: RE1 silencing transcription factor

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 28.62
    rCSI 27.55%
    PRS 30.52
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 18.14
    rCSI 13.72%
    PRS 39.86
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 10.79
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 35.76
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 8.99
    rCSI 11.28%
    PRS 37.77
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 8.57
    rCSI 15.11%
    PRS 28.87
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 8.12
    rCSI 12.48%
    PRS 36.07
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 6.93%
    PRS 49.15
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 7.31
    rCSI 16.39%
    PRS 19.08
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 7.14
    rCSI 5.54%
    PRS 29.08
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 5.58
    rCSI 24.78%
    PRS 28.65
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 5.48
    rCSI 7.46%
    PRS 58.4
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 5.12
    rCSI 7.24%
    PRS 39.49
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 4.99
    rCSI 31.18%
    PRS 24.07
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 4.94
    rCSI 19.22%
    PRS 47.16
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 11.82%
    PRS 28.41
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 4.24
    rCSI 6.49%
    PRS 45.32
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 13.24%
    PRS 34.03
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 3.99
    rCSI 21.46%
    PRS 46.45
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 3.25%
    PRS 30.09
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 3.84
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 41.01
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 3.76
    rCSI 3.16%
    PRS 44.82
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 3.57
    rCSI 5.07%
    PRS 27.61
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 3.52
    rCSI 3.62%
    PRS 45.33
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 3.46
    rCSI 22.73%
    PRS 67.59
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.46
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 30.84
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 3.41
    rCSI 5.23%
    PRS 35.06
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 7.95%
    PRS 39.98
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 35.18
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 31.21
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 43.54
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 3.02
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 49.33
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 34.02
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 2.09%
    PRS 39.98
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 14.79%
    PRS 52.53
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 4.13%
    PRS 38.37
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 13.36%
    PRS 26.9
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 2.12%
    PRS 38.61
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.04%
    PRS 34.52
  • alpha-beta T cell CL0000789
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.05%
    PRS 41.45
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 2.35%
    PRS 30.7
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 3.35%
    PRS 36.77
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 2.14%
    PRS 40.52
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 25.51
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 2.46
    rCSI 1.84%
    PRS 46.78
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 2.44
    rCSI 1.81%
    PRS 41.46
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 28.49
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 28.3
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 3.36%
    PRS 37.19
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 4.94%
    PRS 29.03
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.35
    rCSI 3.75%
    PRS 25.3
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 1.37%
    PRS 41.18
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 4.15%
    PRS 27.81
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 49.63
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 6.31%
    PRS 27.74
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 3.08%
    PRS 28.61
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 36.93
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 40.5
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 6.32%
    PRS 31.49
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 2.22
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 42.94
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.89%
    PRS 37.27
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 2.19
    rCSI 5%
    PRS 25.48
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 2.03%
    PRS 29.64
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 23.65
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 1.81%
    PRS 34.47
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 39.61
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 38.2
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 23.14
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 36.79
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 1.82%
    PRS 21.85
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 33.35
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 1.44%
    PRS 40.6
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 2.16%
    PRS 30.36
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 22.88
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 36.21
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 2.61%
    PRS 33.94
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2
    rCSI 1.66%
    PRS 28.27
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.57%
    PRS 50.49
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.95
    rCSI 2.85%
    PRS 31.55
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 48.11
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 1.91
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 29.83
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 29.38
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 29.12
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 43.6
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 2.15%
    PRS 25.76
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 1.47%
    PRS 20.69
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 4.42%
    PRS 32.68
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 5.15%
    PRS 34.1
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 1.79
    rCSI 2.29%
    PRS 34.02
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 53.61
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 4.18%
    PRS 35.47
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 25.08
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 3.57%
    PRS 17
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 43.23
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 47.14
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.31%
    PRS 28.03
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.78%
    PRS 27.67
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 4.25%
    PRS 36.19
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 2.23%
    PRS 31.73
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.64
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 29.93
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 1.57%
    PRS 22.41
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 41.6%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 47.5%
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 62.6%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 50.9%
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 70.4%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 40.7%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 32.3%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 41.1%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 32.6%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 23.0%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 46.1%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 37.9%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 25.0%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 37.9%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 39.1%
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 77.0%
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 63.4%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 38.5%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 33.7%
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 59.4%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 50.7%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 23.4%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 26.3%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 45.2%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 29.7%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 66.4%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 45.0%
  • mesangial cell CL0000650
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 40.7%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 55.2%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 34.6%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 44.8%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 47.5%
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 46.8%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 27.0%
    PRS 55.4%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 38.8%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 28.2%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 44.5%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 35.2%
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 61.5%
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 50.6%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 22.9%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 32.0%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 26.3%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 47.4%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 43.6%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 32.3%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 30.6%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 37.4%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 45.5%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 22.2%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 28.6%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 30.3%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 27.9%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 69.0%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 39.2%
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 50.9%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 37.4%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 40.9%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 30.3%
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 44.7%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 30.5%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 28.3%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 27.9%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 52.3%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 35.4%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 54.1%
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 33.7%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 25.1%
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 53.4%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 33.4%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 30.1%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 38.5%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 30.7%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 51.4%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 52.7%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 32.6%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 27.6%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 28.2%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 31.7%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 27.4%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 33.6%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 29.8%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 27.1%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 25.4%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 31.7%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 45.2%
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 39.7%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 38.7%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 47.7%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 32.9%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 43.5%
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 22.4%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 29.9%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 31.7%
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 36.2%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 27.7%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 28.0%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 47.1%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 43.2%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 17.0%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [REST](/details-gene/5978) (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor) is a well-characterized transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role in vertebrate development by silencing neuron-specific gene expression in non-neuronal tissues. It achieves this by binding to the RE1/NRSE DNA element and recruiting a complex of corepressors and chromatin-modifying enzymes ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90298-8), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7871435)). While its canonical function is in neurogenesis, expression data reveals a broader role, with significant expression in diverse cell types including [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006), various T lymphocyte populations, and progenitor cells. This suggests that [REST](/details-gene/5978) functions as a master regulator controlling cell fate and identity across multiple lineages. Its dysregulation is associated with human disease, as indicated by its clinical association ([153245](https://omim.org/entry/600571)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [REST](/details-gene/5978) underscores its function as a pivotal regulator in a wide range of cellular contexts, extending far beyond its originally described role in neuronal gene silencing. **Overall**, the gene demonstrates its highest significance in highly specialized, non-neuronal cells, suggesting a crucial role in maintaining their specific phenotypes by repressing alternative gene programs. The most prominent expression is observed in the [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) (CSI: 28.62), indicating a potentially vital function in the reproductive system. A significant theme in its expression landscape is its role within the immune system, particularly in the T cell lineage. [REST](/details-gene/5978) shows high significance in [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) (CSI: 18.14), [double negative thymocyte](/details-cell/CL0002489) (CSI: 10.79), [activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000896) (CSI: 7.50), and [effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000905) (CSI: 5.48). This pattern is consistent with a role in regulating T cell development, differentiation, and activation state. Furthermore, [REST](/details-gene/5978) appears to be a key factor in progenitor and specialized differentiated cells from other lineages, including [common dendritic progenitor](/details-cell/CL0001029) (CSI: 8.99), [retinal rod cell](/details-cell/CL0000604) (CSI: 8.57), [astrocyte of the cerebral cortex](/details-cell/CL0002605) (CSI: 7.31), and [podocyte](/details-cell/CL0000653) (CSI: 5.58). Its presence in these varied cell types suggests it is a master regulator that actively suppresses inappropriate gene expression to maintain cellular identity across ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular function of [REST](/details-gene/5978) is primarily centered on its activity as a [DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, rna polymerase ii-specific](/details-cell/GO:0001227) ([GO:0001227](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001227)). It operates by binding to specific DNA sequences and assembling a [transcription repressor complex](/details-cell/GO:0017053) ([GO:0017053](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0017053)) that includes histone deacetylases and other chromatin modifiers ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.17.9873)). This mechanism is reflected in its association with Reactome pathways such as [Gene expression (transcription)](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-74160) ([R-HSA-74160](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-74160)) and [Chromatin modifying enzymes](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3247509) ([R-HSA-3247509](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-3247509)). The functional annotations from Gene Ontology (GO) confirm its established role in the [negative regulation of neurogenesis](/details-cell/GO:0050768) ([GO:0050768](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050768)) and [negative regulation of neuron differentiation](/details-cell/GO:0045665) ([GO:0045665](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045665)). However, the annotations also point to a much broader regulatory scope, including: * **Stem Cell and Progenitor Biology:** Involvement in [hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation](/details-cell/GO:0002244) ([GO:0002244](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002244)) and [neuronal stem cell population maintenance](/details-cell/GO:0097150) ([GO:0097150](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097150)) aligns with its expression in progenitor cells and suggests a role in maintaining pluripotency and controlling lineage commitment. * **Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis:** [REST](/details-gene/5978) participates in the [negative regulation of cell population proliferation](/details-cell/GO:0008285) ([GO:0008285](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008285)) and, paradoxically, the [positive regulation of apoptotic process](/details-cell/GO:0043065) ([GO:0043065](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043065)). This dual functionality may be context-dependent and could be relevant to its roles in both development and cancer biology. * **Cellular Responses:** The factor is implicated in cellular responses to various stimuli, including [hypoxia](/details-cell/GO:0001666) ([GO:0001666](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001666)), [glucocorticoid stimulus](/details-cell/GO:0071385) ([GO:0071385](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0071385)), and [stress](/details-cell/GO:0033554) ([GO:0033554](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0033554)), highlighting its role in cellular homeostasis and adaptation. ## Research Directions The broad and cell-type-specific expression profile of [REST](/details-gene/5978), combined with its function as a master transcriptional repressor, opens up several avenues for future investigation. **Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high significance in [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006), [REST](/details-gene/5978) may be essential for maintaining the identity of this cell type by repressing genes associated with ciliated epithelial cells or other alternative fates within the fallopian tube. 2. The consistent high significance of [REST](/details-gene/5978) across multiple stages of T cell development suggests it acts as a critical checkpoint regulator. It may function by suppressing gene networks associated with other hematopoietic lineages (e.g., B cell or myeloid programs) during T cell commitment in the thymus. **Proposed Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis regarding the role of [REST](/details-gene/5978) in T cell lineage commitment, a conditional knockout mouse model using a Lck-Cre or CD4-Cre driver could be employed to specifically delete [REST](/details-gene/5978) in the T cell lineage. Thymocytes and peripheral T cells from these knockout mice and control littermates could be analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and ATAC-seq. This approach would allow for the identification of derepressed genes and changes in chromatin accessibility, revealing the specific transcriptional programs that [REST](/details-gene/5978) normally silences to ensure T cell fidelity. Functional assays, such as in vitro T cell differentiation and proliferation assays, would further clarify the phenotypic consequences of its deletion. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a master transcriptional regulator, [REST](/details-gene/5978) presents a complex but potentially valuable therapeutic target. Direct systemic inhibition could have widespread, unpredictable effects due to its role in numerous cell types. However, context-specific modulation of its activity is a promising strategy. For neurological disorders characterized by neuronal loss, targeted inhibition of [REST](/details-gene/5978) could potentially promote the expression of neuroprotective genes. Conversely, in certain cancers where [REST](/details-gene/5978) can act as a tumor suppressor, strategies to enhance its expression or repressive function might be beneficial. Therapeutic development will likely require sophisticated delivery systems (e.g., nanoparticle-based siRNA) or small molecules that disrupt specific protein-protein interactions within the REST co-repressor complex to achieve cell-type or pathway-specific effects.

Genular Protein ID: 987527687

Symbol: REST_HUMAN

Name: RE1-silencing transcription factor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7697725

Title: REST: a mammalian silencer protein that restricts sodium channel gene expression to neurons.

PubMed ID: 7697725

DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90298-8

PubMed ID: 7871435

Title: The neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF): a coordinate repressor of multiple neuron-specific genes.

PubMed ID: 7871435

DOI: 10.1126/science.7871435

PubMed ID: 8568247

Title: A zinc finger protein that represses transcription of the human MHC class II gene, DPA.

PubMed ID: 8568247

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10521596

Title: Neuron-specific splicing of zinc finger transcription factor REST/NRSF/XBR is frequent in neuroblastomas and conserved in human, mouse and rat.

PubMed ID: 10521596

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00196-5

PubMed ID: 10449787

Title: CoREST: a functional corepressor required for regulation of neural-specific gene expression.

PubMed ID: 10449787

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.17.9873

PubMed ID: 10734093

Title: The co-repressor mSin3A is a functional component of the REST-CoREST repressor complex.

PubMed ID: 10734093

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.13.9461

PubMed ID: 11779185

Title: REST4-mediated modulation of REST/NRSF-silencing function during BDNF gene promoter activation.

PubMed ID: 11779185

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6194

PubMed ID: 11741002

Title: RE-1 silencing transcription factor-4 (REST4) is neither a transcriptional repressor nor a de-repressor.

PubMed ID: 11741002

DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00091-2

PubMed ID: 12399542

Title: Corepressor-dependent silencing of chromosomal regions encoding neuronal genes.

PubMed ID: 12399542

DOI: 10.1126/science.1076469

PubMed ID: 14645515

Title: REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein, a putative nuclear translocation receptor.

PubMed ID: 14645515

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.24.9025-9031.2003

PubMed ID: 16442230

Title: Characterization of the nuclear targeting signal of REST/NRSF.

PubMed ID: 16442230

DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.080

PubMed ID: 19061646

Title: CDYL bridges REST and histone methyltransferases for gene repression and suppression of cellular transformation.

PubMed ID: 19061646

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.10.025

PubMed ID: 18354482

Title: Control of chromosome stability by the beta-TrCP-REST-Mad2 axis.

PubMed ID: 18354482

DOI: 10.1038/nature06641

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21284946

Title: Zinc-finger protein 90 negatively regulates neuron-restrictive silencer factor-mediated transcriptional repression of fetal cardiac genes.

PubMed ID: 21284946

DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.01.017

PubMed ID: 21258371

Title: Deubiquitylase HAUSP stabilizes REST and promotes maintenance of neural progenitor cells.

PubMed ID: 21258371

DOI: 10.1038/ncb2153

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24670762

Title: REST and stress resistance in ageing and Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed ID: 24670762

DOI: 10.1038/nature13163

PubMed ID: 26053433

Title: Non-coding RNAs derived from an alternatively spliced REST transcript (REST-003) regulate breast cancer invasiveness.

PubMed ID: 26053433

DOI: 10.1038/srep11207

PubMed ID: 27531581

Title: REST is a hypoxia-responsive transcriptional repressor.

PubMed ID: 27531581

DOI: 10.1038/srep31355

PubMed ID: 30684677

Title: Loss of nuclear REST/NRSF in aged-dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease patients.

PubMed ID: 30684677

DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.042

PubMed ID: 16288918

Title: The neural repressor NRSF/REST binds the PAH1 domain of the Sin3 corepressor by using its distinct short hydrophobic helix.

PubMed ID: 16288918

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.008

PubMed ID: 26551668

Title: Mutations in the transcriptional repressor REST predispose to Wilms tumor.

PubMed ID: 26551668

DOI: 10.1038/ng.3440

PubMed ID: 28686854

Title: REST final-exon-truncating mutations cause hereditary gingival fibromatosis.

PubMed ID: 28686854

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.006

PubMed ID: 29961578

Title: Defects in the Alternative Splicing-Dependent Regulation of REST Cause Deafness.

PubMed ID: 29961578

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.004

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1097
  • Mass: 121872
  • Checksum: EBC652EED19CA161
  • Sequence:
  • MATQVMGQSS GGGGLFTSSG NIGMALPNDM YDLHDLSKAE LAAPQLIMLA NVALTGEVNG 
    SCCDYLVGEE RQMAELMPVG DNNFSDSEEG EGLEESADIK GEPHGLENME LRSLELSVVE 
    PQPVFEASGA PDIYSSNKDL PPETPGAEDK GKSSKTKPFR CKPCQYEAES EEQFVHHIRV 
    HSAKKFFVEE SAEKQAKARE SGSSTAEEGD FSKGPIRCDR CGYNTNRYDH YTAHLKHHTR 
    AGDNERVYKC IICTYTTVSE YHWRKHLRNH FPRKVYTCGK CNYFSDRKNN YVQHVRTHTG 
    ERPYKCELCP YSSSQKTHLT RHMRTHSGEK PFKCDQCSYV ASNQHEVTRH ARQVHNGPKP 
    LNCPHCDYKT ADRSNFKKHV ELHVNPRQFN CPVCDYAASK KCNLQYHFKS KHPTCPNKTM 
    DVSKVKLKKT KKREADLPDN ITNEKTEIEQ TKIKGDVAGK KNEKSVKAEK RDVSKEKKPS 
    NNVSVIQVTT RTRKSVTEVK EMDVHTGSNS EKFSKTKKSK RKLEVDSHSL HGPVNDEESS 
    TKKKKKVESK SKNNSQEVPK GDSKVEENKK QNTCMKKSTK KKTLKNKSSK KSSKPPQKEP 
    VEKGSAQMDP PQMGPAPTEA VQKGPVQVEP PPPMEHAQME GAQIRPAPDE PVQMEVVQEG 
    PAQKELLPPV EPAQMVGAQI VLAHMELPPP METAQTEVAQ MGPAPMEPAQ MEVAQVESAP 
    MQVVQKEPVQ MELSPPMEVV QKEPVQIELS PPMEVVQKEP VKIELSPPIE VVQKEPVQME 
    LSPPMGVVQK EPAQREPPPP REPPLHMEPI SKKPPLRKDK KEKSNMQSER ARKEQVLIEV 
    GLVPVKDSWL LKESVSTEDL SPPSPPLPKE NLREEASGDQ KLLNTGEGNK EAPLQKVGAE 
    EADESLPGLA ANINESTHIS SSGQNLNTPE GETLNGKHQT DSIVCEMKMD TDQNTRENLT 
    GINSTVEEPV SPMLPPSAVE EREAVSKTAL ASPPATMAAN ESQEIDEDEG IHSHEGSDLS 
    DNMSEGSDDS GLHGARPVPQ ESSRKNAKEA LAVKAAKGDF VCIFCDRSFR KGKDYSKHLN 
    RHLVNVYYLE EAAQGQE

Genular Protein ID: 3144527305

Symbol: A0A1W2PQA1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1069
  • Mass: 118556
  • Checksum: 568728E013833893
  • Sequence:
  • MATQVMGQSS GGGGLFTSSG NIGMALPNDM YDLHDLSKAE LAAPQLIMLA NVALTGEVNG 
    SCCDYLVGEE RQMAELMPVG DNNFSDSEEG EGLEESADIK GEPHGLENME LRSLELSVVE 
    PQPVFEASGA PDIYSSNKDL PPETPGAEDK GKSSKTKPFR CKPCQYEAES EEQFVHHIRV 
    HSAKKFFVEE SAEKQAKARE SGSSTAEEGD FSKGPIRCDR CGYNTNRYDH YTAHLKHHTR 
    AGDNERVYKC IICTYTTVSE YHWRKHLRNH FPRKVYTCGK CNYFSDRKNN YVQHVRTHTG 
    EKPFKCDQCS YVASNQHEVT RHARQVHNGP KPLNCPHCDY KTADRSNFKK HVELHVNPRQ 
    FNCPVCDYAA SKKCNLQYHF KSKHPTCPNK TMDVSKVKLK KTKKREADLP DNITNEKTEI 
    EQTKIKGDVA GKKNEKSVKA EKRDVSKEKK PSNNVSVIQV TTRTRKSVTE VKEMDVHTGS 
    NSEKFSKTKK SKRKLEVDSH SLHGPVNDEE SSTKKKKKVE SKSKNNSQEV PKGDSKVEEN 
    KKQNTCMKKS TKKKTLKNKS SKKSSKPPQK EPVEKGSAQM DPPQMGPAPT EAVQKGPVQV 
    EPPPPMEHAQ MEGAQIRPAP DEPVQMEVVQ EGPAQKELLP PVEPAQMVGA QIVLAHMELP 
    PPMETAQTEV AQMGPAPMEP AQMEVAQVES APMQVVQKEP VQMELSPPME VVQKEPVQIE 
    LSPPMEVVQK EPVKIELSPP IEVVQKEPVQ MELSPPMGVV QKEPAQREPP PPREPPLHME 
    PISKKPPLRK DKKEKSNMQS ERARKEQVLI EVGLVPVKDS WLLKESVSTE DLSPPSPPLP 
    KENLREEASG DQKLLNTGEG NKEAPLQKVG AEEADESLPG LAANINESTH ISSSGQNLNT 
    PEGETLNGKH QTDSIVCEMK MDTDQNTREN LTGINSTVEE PVSPMLPPSA VEEREAVSKT 
    ALASPPATMA ANESQEIDED EGIHSHEGSD LSDNMSEGSD DSGLHGARPV PQESSRKNAK 
    EALAVKAAKG DFVCIFCDRS FRKGKDYSKH LNRHLVNVYY LEEAAQGQE