Details for: CXCL12

Gene ID: 6387

Symbol: CXCL12

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000107562

Description: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 157.5747
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 97.5977
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7600
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 65.9550
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 50.3471
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7700
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 23.9436
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8600
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 19.8547
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 9.6925
    Cell Significance Index: 59.9700
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 8.0391
    Cell Significance Index: 47.2300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 5.6353
    Cell Significance Index: 161.5400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.5537
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 4.5856
    Cell Significance Index: 95.9900
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 3.3116
    Cell Significance Index: 42.4100
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 3.2828
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 3.0905
    Cell Significance Index: 20.9400
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 2.2329
    Cell Significance Index: 43.5800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.7030
    Cell Significance Index: 218.3100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.4911
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.4708
    Cell Significance Index: 51.1100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.3897
    Cell Significance Index: 190.8500
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 1.2877
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.1993
    Cell Significance Index: 54.3600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.1332
    Cell Significance Index: 224.8900
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.0304
    Cell Significance Index: 14.8200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.9745
    Cell Significance Index: 185.4500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.5579
    Cell Significance Index: 95.2600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5324
    Cell Significance Index: 480.7500
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.5110
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.4364
    Cell Significance Index: 22.0500
  • Cell Name: chondroblast (CL0000058)
    Fold Change: 0.4310
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.3606
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3518
    Cell Significance Index: 57.2200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.2434
    Cell Significance Index: 178.4300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.2038
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1570
    Cell Significance Index: 15.5300
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.1262
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.0575
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0359
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4900
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0800
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0170
    Cell Significance Index: -31.3900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0180
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -31.6600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: -0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0308
    Cell Significance Index: -23.3300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0382
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0383
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: -26.9400
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0624
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0649
    Cell Significance Index: -18.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0828
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0868
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0944
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0946
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1015
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.1080
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6700
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: -0.1083
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1167
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1211
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1238
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1543
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1624
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1678
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1819
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1849
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.1866
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1896
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2221
    Cell Significance Index: -26.1900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2412
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2623
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3119
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3968
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.4032
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4402
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.4947
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.5083
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.5130
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: -0.5152
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2400
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.5361
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.5450
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.5492
    Cell Significance Index: -25.6100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.5590
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.5674
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9200
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: -0.5730
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.5947
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.5992
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.6255
    Cell Significance Index: -22.9600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.6364
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: -0.7002
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3100
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.7167
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** CXCL12 is a small, secreted protein that belongs to the C-X-C motif chemokine family. It is composed of 77 amino acids and is synthesized by various cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. CXCL12 is characterized by its high affinity for the CXCR4 receptor, which is expressed on the surface of numerous cell types, including immune cells, neurons, and stem cells. This interaction between CXCL12 and CXCR4 is mediated by a specific binding site, which allows for the transmission of signals that regulate cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. **Pathways and Functions** CXCL12 is involved in various signaling pathways that regulate cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. These pathways include: 1. **Chemokine Signaling Pathway**: CXCL12 binds to the CXCR4 receptor, triggering a signaling cascade that activates various downstream pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. 2. **Cellular Response to Chemokine**: CXCL12 induces chemotaxis, which is the directed migration of cells towards a chemical stimulus. This process is essential for the homing of immune cells to sites of inflammation and for the migration of stem cells to areas of tissue damage. 3. **Axon Guidance**: CXCL12 plays a role in the guidance of axons during neuronal development and regeneration. It interacts with the CXCR4 receptor on the surface of neurons, guiding them towards their target destinations. 4. **Immune Response**: CXCL12 is involved in the regulation of immune cell migration and function. It attracts immune cells to sites of inflammation and promotes their activation and proliferation. **Clinical Significance** CXCL12 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Leukemia and Lymphoma**: CXCL12 has been shown to promote the migration and homing of leukemia cells to the bone marrow, where they can colonize and proliferate. 2. **Multiple Sclerosis**: CXCL12 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, where it promotes the migration of immune cells to the central nervous system and contributes to demyelination. 3. **Bone Marrow Transplantation**: CXCL12 has been used as a marker to track the homing of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow after transplantation. 4. **Cancer**: CXCL12 has been shown to promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, CXCL12 is a chemokine that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Its expression and function have been implicated in various diseases, highlighting its importance as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which CXCL12 regulates cell biology and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Genular Protein ID: 3026661682

Symbol: SDF1_HUMAN

Name: Stromal cell-derived factor 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7490086

Title: Structure and chromosomal localization of the human stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) gene.

PubMed ID: 7490086

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.1180

PubMed ID: 16626895

Title: Identification and expression of novel isoforms of human stromal cell-derived factor 1.

PubMed ID: 16626895

DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.001

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16344560

Title: Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.

PubMed ID: 16344560

DOI: 10.1101/gr.4039406

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8752281

Title: The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1.

PubMed ID: 8752281

DOI: 10.1038/382833a0

PubMed ID: 9427609

Title: AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry via the CXCR4 co-receptor.

PubMed ID: 9427609

DOI: 10.1038/nm0198-072

PubMed ID: 10446158

Title: Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha associates with heparan sulfates through the first beta-strand of the chemokine.

PubMed ID: 10446158

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.34.23916

PubMed ID: 11069075

Title: Characterization of a Xenopus laevis CXC chemokine receptor 4: implications for hematopoietic cell development in the vertebrate embryo.

PubMed ID: 11069075

DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200010)30:10<2924::aid-immu2924>3.0.co;2-y

PubMed ID: 11859124

Title: Xenopus laevis stromal cell-derived factor 1: conservation of structure and function during vertebrate development.

PubMed ID: 11859124

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2340

PubMed ID: 14525775

Title: Differential processing of stromal-derived factor-1alpha and beta explains functional diversity.

PubMed ID: 14525775

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2857

PubMed ID: 16107333

Title: The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 binds to and signals through the orphan receptor RDC1 in T lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 16107333

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508234200

PubMed ID: 15741341

Title: The monomer-dimer equilibrium of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL 12) is altered by pH, phosphate, sulfate, and heparin.

PubMed ID: 15741341

DOI: 10.1110/ps.041219505

PubMed ID: 16725153

Title: Recognition of a CXCR4 sulfotyrosine by the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha/CXCL12).

PubMed ID: 16725153

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.04.052

PubMed ID: 18802065

Title: Monocyte migration and LFA-1-mediated attachment to brain microvascular endothelia is regulated by SDF-1 alpha through Lyn kinase.

PubMed ID: 18802065

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4632

PubMed ID: 19255243

Title: AMD3100 is a CXCR7 ligand with allosteric agonist properties.

PubMed ID: 19255243

DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.053389

PubMed ID: 21802105

Title: Role for the conserved N-terminal cysteines in the anti-chemokine activities by the chemokine-like protein MC148R1 encoded by Molluscum contagiosum virus.

PubMed ID: 21802105

DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.07.001

PubMed ID: 22457824

Title: Ubiquitination of CXCR7 controls receptor trafficking.

PubMed ID: 22457824

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034192

PubMed ID: 27044744

Title: The Anti-inflammatory Protein TSG-6 Regulates Chemokine Function by Inhibiting Chemokine/Glycosaminoglycan Interactions.

PubMed ID: 27044744

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720953

PubMed ID: 29301984

Title: Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) activates integrins by direct binding to an allosteric ligand-binding site (site 2) of integrins without CXCR4.

PubMed ID: 29301984

DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170867

PubMed ID: 9384579

Title: Solution structure and basis for functional activity of stromal cell-derived factor-1; dissociation of CXCR4 activation from binding and inhibition of HIV-1.

PubMed ID: 9384579

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.23.6996

PubMed ID: 9618518

Title: Crystal structure of chemically synthesized [N33A] stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha, a potent ligand for the HIV-1 'fusin' coreceptor.

PubMed ID: 9618518

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6941

PubMed ID: 10954912

Title: Crystal structure of recombinant native SDF-1alpha with additional mutagenesis studies: an attempt at a more comprehensive interpretation of accumulated structure-activity relationship data.

PubMed ID: 10954912

DOI: 10.1089/10799900050116390

PubMed ID: 15588815

Title: Mapping the binding of the N-terminal extracellular tail of the CXCR4 receptor to stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha.

PubMed ID: 15588815

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.11.003

PubMed ID: 17264079

Title: Structural and functional basis of CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha) binding to heparin.

PubMed ID: 17264079

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608796200

PubMed ID: 17357154

Title: Crystal structure of recombinant human stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha.

PubMed ID: 17357154

DOI: 10.1002/prot.21350

PubMed ID: 18799424

Title: Structural basis of CXCR4 sulfotyrosine recognition by the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12.

PubMed ID: 18799424

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.1160755

PubMed ID: 19551879

Title: Monomeric structure of the cardioprotective chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12.

PubMed ID: 19551879

DOI: 10.1002/pro.167

PubMed ID: 20077567

Title: Heterologous quaternary structure of CXCL12 and its relationship to the CC chemokine family.

PubMed ID: 20077567

DOI: 10.1002/prot.22666

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 93
  • Mass: 10666
  • Checksum: 505B5A29C2B44E8D
  • Sequence:
  • MNAKVVVVLV LVLTALCLSD GKPVSLSYRC PCRFFESHVA RANVKHLKIL NTPNCALQIV 
    ARLKNNNRQV CIDPKLKWIQ EYLEKALNKR FKM

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.