Details for: TSPAN6

Gene ID: 7105

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TSPAN6

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000000003

Description: tetraspanin 6

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

  • Extracellular exosome
    (GO:0070062)
  • Negative regulation of canonical nf-kappab signal transduction
    (GO:0043124)
  • Negative regulation of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
    (GO:0039532)
  • Plasma membrane
    (GO:0005886)
  • Positive regulation of canonical nf-kappab signal transduction
    (GO:0043123)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 47.08
    rCSI 39.3%
    PRS 91.5
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 33.58
    rCSI 38.93%
    PRS 91.75
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 31.1
    rCSI 32.51%
    PRS 95.95
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 24.85
    rCSI 44.04%
    PRS 77.11
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 24.32
    rCSI 21.38%
    PRS 92.55
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 23.85
    rCSI 49.24%
    PRS 92.03
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 23.82
    rCSI 33.69%
    PRS 92.64
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 22.99
    rCSI 27.86%
    PRS 83.06
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 22.54
    rCSI 30.72%
    PRS 77.98
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 19.04
    rCSI 17.99%
    PRS 95.95
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 18.41
    rCSI 30.05%
    PRS 78.22
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 15.43
    rCSI 12.79%
    PRS 97.9
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 14.22
    rCSI 15.58%
    PRS 97.94
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 13.74
    rCSI 14.4%
    PRS 96.04
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 13.68
    rCSI 21.76%
    PRS 94.93
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 12.84
    rCSI 13.3%
    PRS 97.67
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 11.92
    rCSI 28.29%
    PRS 93.84
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 11.27
    rCSI 11.75%
    PRS 96.66
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 10.39
    rCSI 25.71%
    PRS 98.07
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 10.23
    rCSI 9.08%
    PRS 95.95
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 9.82
    rCSI 14.4%
    PRS 98.55
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 9.78
    rCSI 15.84%
    PRS 93.22
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 9.66
    rCSI 13.38%
    PRS 95.63
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 9.4
    rCSI 13.75%
    PRS 98.4
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 9.2
    rCSI 19.09%
    PRS 96.3
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 9.18
    rCSI 21.55%
    PRS 94.8
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 9.16
    rCSI 23.26%
    PRS 95.74
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 8.93
    rCSI 13.72%
    PRS 89.41
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 8.73
    rCSI 10.09%
    PRS 94.27
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 8.38
    rCSI 8.08%
    PRS 95.86
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 8.28
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 96.45
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 8.24
    rCSI 11.45%
    PRS 96.69
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 8.23
    rCSI 45%
    PRS 94.61
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 8.08
    rCSI 10.37%
    PRS 95.29
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 8.08
    rCSI 6.39%
    PRS 94.82
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 7.96
    rCSI 18.14%
    PRS 92.6
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 7.88
    rCSI 10.03%
    PRS 98.56
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 7.85
    rCSI 6.09%
    PRS 98.34
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 7.83
    rCSI 7.54%
    PRS 96.3
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 11.43%
    PRS 95.65
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 7.7
    rCSI 8.18%
    PRS 97.43
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 7.04
    rCSI 9.62%
    PRS 95.49
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 10.75%
    PRS 98.07
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 7.02
    rCSI 11.15%
    PRS 98.59
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 6.96
    rCSI 6.94%
    PRS 94.12
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 6.95
    rCSI 7.45%
    PRS 97.56
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 7.97%
    PRS 93.13
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 6.87
    rCSI 9.35%
    PRS 98.35
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 6.72
    rCSI 10.72%
    PRS 93.26
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 6.65
    rCSI 7.71%
    PRS 96.48
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 6.61
    rCSI 12.61%
    PRS 99.3
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 5.74
    rCSI 8.19%
    PRS 97.59
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 5.06
    rCSI 20.23%
    PRS 98.29
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 4.98
    rCSI 7.35%
    PRS 98.5
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 4.95
    rCSI 5.94%
    PRS 97.48
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 11.21%
    PRS 96.62
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 4.57
    rCSI 6.48%
    PRS 96.28
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 25.7%
    PRS 94.21
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 4.42
    rCSI 7.23%
    PRS 94.2
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 4.21
    rCSI 31.64%
    PRS 98.63
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 4.16
    rCSI 4.89%
    PRS 97.55
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 3.78
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 98.01
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 3.73
    rCSI 6.67%
    PRS 95.58
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 8.12%
    PRS 97.48
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 93.36
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 3.68
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 97.57
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 3.62
    rCSI 12.23%
    PRS 93.14
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 3.61
    rCSI 5.51%
    PRS 96.91
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 3.49
    rCSI 8.29%
    PRS 97.36
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 3.33
    rCSI 5.37%
    PRS 94.88
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 4.86%
    PRS 96.36
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 4.43%
    PRS 95.95
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 3
    rCSI 5.19%
    PRS 95.01
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 5.74%
    PRS 97.21
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 7.52%
    PRS 96.1
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 9.94%
    PRS 94.43
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 8.03%
    PRS 96.94
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 97.7
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 6.89%
    PRS 97.42
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.95
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 94.66
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 98.09
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 97.15
  • primordial germ cell CL0000670
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 8.29%
    PRS 96.08
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 1.28
    rCSI 6.71%
    PRS 97.56
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 1.09
    rCSI 32.6%
    PRS 99.17
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 1
    rCSI 4.31%
    PRS 97.68
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.98
    rCSI 4.32%
    PRS 97.97
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.94
    rCSI 21.96%
    PRS 98.61
  • epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449
    CSI 0.93
    rCSI 8.82%
    PRS 99.65
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.78
    rCSI 8.49%
    PRS 98.15
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 0.65
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 94.76
  • paneth cell of colon CL0009009
    CSI 0.54
    rCSI 5.27%
    PRS 97.73

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) is a protein-coding gene located on the X chromosome that encodes Tetraspanin-6, a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) [[Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9782095/)]. Tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins characterized by four transmembrane domains that are known to organize specific plasma membrane microdomains, often referred to as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). These proteins act as molecular organizers, facilitating protein-protein interactions and influencing cellular processes like adhesion, signaling, and trafficking. Functionally, [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) is implicated in the regulation of NF-kappaB signaling pathways [[Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12761501/)] and is found in the [plasma membrane](/details-component/GO0005886) and [extracellular exosome](/details-component/GO0070062). Expression data indicates a significant role for [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) in both the immune system and epithelial tissues, with its highest significance observed in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990), [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815), and various epithelial cell types, including [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) and [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187). Its involvement is linked to intellectual disability, X-linked, 6 ([153245](https://omim.org/entry/300191)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The **Overall** expression profile of [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) highlights its dual importance in both immune surveillance and the maintenance of tissue barriers. Its highest cellular significance is in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) (CSI: 47.08), suggesting a key function in antigen presentation and the initiation of adaptive immune responses. This is further supported by significant expression in other critical immune populations, including [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815) (CSI: 33.58), [innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001065) (CSI: 23.85), [helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000912) (CSI: 23.82), and [CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive](/details-cell/CL0001203) (CSI: 22.99). This pattern indicates that [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) may be broadly involved in the regulation of T cell function and overall immune homeostasis. Concurrently, [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) demonstrates high significance in a wide array of epithelial and structural cells responsible for forming barrier tissues. This includes very high expression in [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) (CSI: 31.10), [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187) (CSI: 24.85), [ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000067) (CSI: 24.32), and [goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0000160) (CSI: 19.04). Its presence in skin cells like [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458) and [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013), as well as [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082), further underscores a conserved role in maintaining the integrity and function of diverse epithelial layers throughout the body. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The known molecular functions of [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) are consistent with its observed cellular expression pattern. Gene Ontology annotations reveal its participation in the regulation of critical immune signaling pathways. Specifically, it is involved in both the [positive regulation of canonical nf-kappab signal transduction](/details-go/GO0043123) and the [negative regulation of canonical nf-kappab signal transduction](/details-go/GO0043124), as well as the [negative regulation of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway](/details-go/GO0039532). This dual regulatory capacity on the NF-kappaB pathway aligns with its high expression in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990), where precise control of this pathway is essential for responding to pathogens without inducing excessive inflammation. As a tetraspanin, its primary molecular function is annotated as [protein binding](/details-go/GO0005515). This function is executed from its subcellular locations in the [plasma membrane](/details-component/GO0005886) and within [extracellular exosome](/details-component/GO0070062). Its presence in exosomes suggests a potential role in intercellular communication, where it could be transferred between cells to modulate the signaling environment. ## Research Directions The widespread expression of [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) in both immune and epithelial cells, coupled with its role in NF-kappaB signaling, presents several avenues for future investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its premier significance in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) and its documented role in regulating cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling, [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) may function as a key scaffold protein that organizes signaling complexes at the plasma membrane upon pathogen detection, thereby fine-tuning dendritic cell activation and maturation. 2. Based on its high expression across multiple barrier tissues (gut, skin, lung), [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) could be essential for maintaining epithelial integrity by organizing cell-cell adhesion junctions or by regulating epithelial cell responses to inflammatory or damaging stimuli. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in dendritic cells, a conditional knockout mouse model could be employed. Specifically, deleting [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) in CD11c-expressing cells would allow for the study of its function specifically within the dendritic cell lineage. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from these knockout mice and wild-type littermates could be stimulated with various Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists (e.g., LPS for TLR4, CpG for TLR9). The subsequent cellular responses could be assayed by measuring the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), MHC class II presentation, and the production of key cytokines like IL-12 and TNF-alpha via flow cytometry and ELISA. This would clarify whether [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) is required for the proper activation and function of dendritic cells. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a cell surface protein, [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) is theoretically accessible to antibody-based therapeutics. Its role in modulating NF-kappaB makes it a potential target for inhibition in chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or psoriasis, where both immune and epithelial cells are dysregulated. However, its broad expression pattern poses a significant challenge, as systemic inhibition could lead to undesirable side effects in multiple tissues. A more promising strategy might involve developing local or topic-based therapies to target [TSPAN6](/details-gene/7105) specifically in diseased tissues, or designing antibody-drug conjugates that deliver an inhibitory payload only to specific cell types overexpressing the protein in a pathological context.

Genular Protein ID: 3783405662

Symbol: TSN6_HUMAN

Name: Tetraspanin-6

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9714763

Title: Sequences and expression of six new members of the tetraspanin/TM4SF family.

PubMed ID: 9714763

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00087-6

PubMed ID: 9782095

Title: Cloning and characterization of a novel human gene, TM4SF6, encoding a protein belonging to the transmembrane 4 superfamily, and mapped to Xq22.

PubMed ID: 9782095

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5415

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 12761501

Title: Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways.

PubMed ID: 12761501

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206406

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 245
  • Mass: 27563
  • Checksum: 811FAB19C2805BE2
  • Sequence:
  • MASPSRRLQT KPVITCFKSV LLIYTFIFWI TGVILLAVGI WGKVSLENYF SLLNEKATNV 
    PFVLIATGTV IILLGTFGCF ATCRASAWML KLYAMFLTLV FLVELVAAIV GFVFRHEIKN 
    SFKNNYEKAL KQYNSTGDYR SHAVDKIQNT LHCCGVTDYR DWTDTNYYSE KGFPKSCCKL 
    EDCTPQRDAD KVNNEGCFIK VMTIIESEMG VVAGISFGVA CFQLIGIFLA YCLSRAITNN 
    QYEIV

Genular Protein ID: 3875297590

Symbol: A0A087WYV6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 129
  • Mass: 14958
  • Checksum: A91152BDA837BB74
  • Sequence:
  • MLKLYAMFLT LVFLVELVAA IVGFVFRHEI KNSFKNNYEK ALKQYNSTGD YRSHAVDKIQ 
    NTLHCCGVTD YRDWTDTNYY SEKGFPKSCC KLEDCTPQRD ADKVNNELIG IFLAYCLSRA 
    ITNNQYEIV