Details for: EXTL2

Gene ID: 2135

Symbol: EXTL2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000162694

Description: exostosin like glycosyltransferase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 155.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 84.8041
    Cell Significance Index: -21.5100
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 57.3131
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 53.5878
    Cell Significance Index: -25.3000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 50.2145
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 21.3775
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 20.1183
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8100
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 9.1494
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.3760
    Cell Significance Index: -25.1600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 2.6184
    Cell Significance Index: 70.1600
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 2.5819
    Cell Significance Index: 43.2100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.3748
    Cell Significance Index: 63.4100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 1.4054
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 1.2770
    Cell Significance Index: 26.7300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.0682
    Cell Significance Index: 37.1200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0488
    Cell Significance Index: 103.7500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 1.0302
    Cell Significance Index: 45.5700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9986
    Cell Significance Index: 200.3200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.9199
    Cell Significance Index: 117.9300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.7867
    Cell Significance Index: 710.3500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6334
    Cell Significance Index: 125.7000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.5967
    Cell Significance Index: 81.9500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.5602
    Cell Significance Index: 91.1200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5289
    Cell Significance Index: 57.5300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.5107
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3400
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 0.5106
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.4543
    Cell Significance Index: 162.9600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.4537
    Cell Significance Index: 11.9300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.4533
    Cell Significance Index: 28.5700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.4114
    Cell Significance Index: 24.7000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.3357
    Cell Significance Index: 18.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.2792
    Cell Significance Index: 32.5400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2460
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2330
    Cell Significance Index: 127.2200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2297
    Cell Significance Index: 43.7100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2230
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2184
    Cell Significance Index: 39.3700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2151
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2133
    Cell Significance Index: 94.3000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1989
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.1847
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1648
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1300
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 0.1601
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1339
    Cell Significance Index: 92.6400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1269
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.0717
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: 30.0800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0280
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0465
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0683
    Cell Significance Index: -19.6400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0722
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0761
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0838
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0869
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1118
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1269
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1282
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1380
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1531
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1535
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1561
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.1631
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1669
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1200
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1814
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3500
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1863
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1874
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1911
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.1916
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.2076
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.2274
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: -0.2284
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2316
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2331
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2348
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.2384
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.2599
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2730
    Cell Significance Index: -21.6200
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.3615
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3651
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.3661
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7900
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.3978
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4151
    Cell Significance Index: -25.4500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.4268
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.4441
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Glycosyltransferase activity**: EXTL2 possesses enzymatic activity, specifically catalyzing the transfer of glucuronyl and N-acetylglucosamine moieties to specific acceptor molecules, leading to the modification of their structure and function. 2. **Cellular localization**: The protein is primarily found in the extracellular region, where it can interact with other molecules and influence cellular behavior. 3. **Tissue specificity**: EXTL2 is highly expressed in specific cell types, including trophoblasts, Leydig cells, and cortical interneurons, suggesting a role in regulating cellular behavior in these contexts. 4. **Regulatory mechanisms**: The protein is involved in various signaling pathways, including the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan biosynthetic process, highlighting its role in regulating cellular stress and adaptation. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis**: EXTL2 is involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which play critical roles in cell signaling, adhesion, and regulation of cellular behavior. 2. **Cellular stress response**: The protein is activated in response to cellular stress, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the activation of chaperone genes, which help maintain protein homeostasis. 3. **Neural function**: EXTL2 is highly expressed in cortical interneurons, suggesting a role in regulating neural function, including synaptic transmission and plasticity. 4. **Immune responses**: The protein is expressed in immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, where it may play a role in modulating immune responses and tissue homeostasis. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Developmental disorders**: Mutations in EXTL2 may contribute to developmental disorders, such as neural tube defects and congenital anomalies, due to its role in regulating cellular behavior and tissue patterning. 2. **Neurological diseases**: Alterations in EXTL2 expression or function may be associated with neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, where it may influence synaptic transmission and plasticity. 3. **Cancer**: The protein's role in regulating cellular stress and adaptation may also be relevant to cancer development and progression, where it may influence tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. 4. **Regenerative medicine**: EXTL2's involvement in cellular stress response and tissue homeostasis suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for regenerative medicine applications, such as tissue repair and regeneration. In conclusion, EXTL2 is a multifunctional protein involved in various cellular processes, including glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, cellular stress response, and neural function. Its expression in specific cell types and its role in regulating cellular behavior highlight its potential significance in developmental disorders, neurological diseases, and cancer. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of EXTL2.

Genular Protein ID: 2267400315

Symbol: EXTL2_HUMAN

Name: Exostosin-like 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9450183

Title: Identification and characterization of a novel member of the EXT gene family, EXTL2.

PubMed ID: 9450183

PubMed ID: 9473480

Title: Structure, chromosomal location, and expression profile of EXTR1 and EXTR2, new members of the multiple exostoses gene family.

PubMed ID: 9473480

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.8062

PubMed ID: 10639137

Title: The putative tumor suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 form a stable complex that accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the synthesis of heparan sulfate.

PubMed ID: 10639137

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.2.668

PubMed ID: 10318803

Title: The tumor suppressor EXT-like gene EXTL2 encodes an alpha1, 4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase that transfers N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine to the common glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region. The key enzyme for the chain initiation of heparan sulfate.

PubMed ID: 10318803

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.20.13933

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 330
  • Mass: 37466
  • Checksum: 6976BE7EC6F588C8
  • Sequence:
  • MRCCHICKLP GRVMGIRVLR LSLVVILVLL LVAGALTALL PSVKEDKMLM LRREIKSQGK 
    STMDSFTLIM QTYNRTDLLL KLLNHYQAVP NLHKVIVVWN NIGEKAPDEL WNSLGPHPIP 
    VIFKQQTANR MRNRLQVFPE LETNAVLMVD DDTLISTPDL VFAFSVWQQF PDQIVGFVPR 
    KHVSTSSGIY SYGSFEMQAP GSGNGDQYSM VLIGASFFNS KYLELFQRQP AAVHALIDDT 
    QNCDDIAMNF IIAKHIGKTS GIFVKPVNMD NLEKETNSGY SGMWHRAEHA LQRSYCINKL 
    VNIYDSMPLR YSNIMISQFG FPYANYKRKI

Genular Protein ID: 2983089596

Symbol: Q8N8F1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 329
  • Mass: 37395
  • Checksum: 7CE07064474BE340
  • Sequence:
  • MRCCHICKLP GRVMGIRVLR LSLVVILVLL LVAGALTALL PSVKEDKMLM LRREIKSQGK 
    STMDSFTLIM QTYNRTDLLL KLLNHYQAVP NLHKVIVVWN NIGEKAPDEL WNSLGPHPIP 
    VIFKQQTANR MRNRLQVFPE LETNVLMVDD DTLISTPDLV FAFSVWQQFP DQIVGFVPRK 
    HVSTSSGIYS YGSFEMQAPG SGNGDQYSMV LIGASFFNSK YLELFQRQPA AVHALIDDTQ 
    NCDDIAMNFI IAKHIGKTSG IFVKPVNMDN LEKETNSGYS GMWHRAEHAL QRSYCINKLV 
    NIYDSMPLRY SNIMISQFGF PYANYKRKI

Genular Protein ID: 1859259076

Symbol: F5GZK1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 147
  • Mass: 16751
  • Checksum: 8E9DC29F7E68F006
  • Sequence:
  • MRCCHICKLP GRVMGIRVLR LSLVVILVLL LVAGALTALL PSVKEDKMLM LRREIKSQGK 
    STMDSFTLIM QTYNRTDLLL KLLNHYQAVP NLHKVIVVWN NIGEKAPDEL WNSLGPHPIP 
    VIFKQQTANR MRNRLQVFPE LETNAIS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.