Details for: GPD1

Gene ID: 2819

Symbol: GPD1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167588

Description: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 32.2093
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 14.2700
    Cell Significance Index: 62.1200
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 6.7737
    Cell Significance Index: 51.3700
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 5.9337
    Cell Significance Index: 61.4300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 4.0634
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 2.8784
    Cell Significance Index: 36.2500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.5588
    Cell Significance Index: 93.5800
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 1.5110
    Cell Significance Index: 24.3800
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.0214
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.9220
    Cell Significance Index: 100.2900
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.8543
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.7825
    Cell Significance Index: 22.5500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.7277
    Cell Significance Index: 657.0500
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.7018
    Cell Significance Index: 69.4200
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.6836
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6800
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.5933
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5467
    Cell Significance Index: 37.8100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5059
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4219
    Cell Significance Index: 68.6300
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 0.4019
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2402
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4400
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.2395
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.2296
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1967
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1948
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8700
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.1753
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1573
    Cell Significance Index: 31.2100
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 0.1549
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.1486
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8200
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.1419
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1057
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0875
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6500
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.0804
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0550
    Cell Significance Index: 38.0600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0279
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0216
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0254
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0314
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0366
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0379
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0493
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0615
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.0670
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0675
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0714
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0722
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0787
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0789
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0798
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0851
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0925
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0977
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.1050
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.1065
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1102
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1108
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1109
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7600
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: -0.1215
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1307
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9500
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1351
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPD1 is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a key step in the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. This shuttle is essential for the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria, where they can be used to generate ATP. GPD1 is a homodimeric enzyme, consisting of two identical subunits, each with a quinone-binding domain. The enzyme is also a member of the NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase family, which is characterized by the presence of a NAD(P)+-binding domain. **Pathways and Functions:** GPD1 is involved in several metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process:** GPD1 catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which is then converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and subsequently to pyruvate, generating ATP. 2. **Gluconeogenesis:** GPD1 is involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis, a metabolic pathway that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. 3. **Glycerolipid metabolic process:** GPD1 is also involved in the metabolism of glycerolipids, which are important components of cell membranes. 4. **NADH oxidation:** GPD1 is a NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase, which means that it can oxidize NADH to NAD+. In addition to its metabolic functions, GPD1 is also involved in immune responses, particularly in the regulation of glycolytic processes and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in immune cells. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of GPD1 has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including: 1. **Atherosclerosis:** Elevated levels of GPD1 have been observed in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that the enzyme plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. 2. **Inflammatory bowel disease:** GPD1 has been shown to be overexpressed in inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting that the enzyme may contribute to the development of inflammation. 3. **Cancer:** GPD1 has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including colorectal and lung cancer. 4. **Neurological disorders:** GPD1 has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, GPD1 is a crucial enzyme involved in energy metabolism and immune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, highlighting the importance of GPD1 in human health and disease. **Significantly expressed cells:** * Subcutaneous fat cell * Fat cell * Cardiac endothelial cell * Enterocyte of colon * Epithelial cell of proximal tubule * Alveolar macrophage * Granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell * Neuroendocrine cell * Kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell * Cardiac muscle myoblast **Proteins:** * GPDA_HUMAN (Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1)

Genular Protein ID: 1361492613

Symbol: GPDA_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P21695 F8W1L5 Q8N1B0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 12 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 2 EC 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 15 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 7 PDBsum 7 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 2 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7772607

Title: Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of a cDNA encoding a human liver NAD-dependent alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 7772607

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00069-s

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2398890

Title: Sequence conservation and structural organization of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter in mice and humans.

PubMed ID: 2398890

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.10.5244-5256.1990

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22226083

Title: Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and hepatic fibrosis caused by mutated GPD1, encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.

PubMed ID: 22226083

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.028

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 16460752

Title: Crystal structures of human glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1).

PubMed ID: 16460752

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.12.074

PubMed ID: 24549054

Title: A compound heterozygous mutation in GPD1 causes hepatomegaly, steatohepatitis, and hypertriglyceridemia.

PubMed ID: 24549054

DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.8

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 349
  • Mass: 37568
  • Checksum: CE7B7681103076EF
  • Sequence:
    • MASKKVCIVG SGNWGSAIAK IVGGNAAQLA QFDPRVTMWV FEEDIGGKKL TEIINTQHEN 
VKYLPGHKLP PNVVAVPDVV QAAEDADILI FVVPHQFIGK ICDQLKGHLK ANATGISLIK 
GVDEGPNGLK LISEVIGERL GIPMSVLMGA NIASEVADEK FCETTIGCKD PAQGQLLKEL 
MQTPNFRITV VQEVDTVEIC GALKNVVAVG AGFCDGLGFG DNTKAAVIRL GLMEMIAFAK 
LFCSGPVSSA TFLESCGVAD LITTCYGGRN RKVAEAFART GKSIEQLEKE LLNGQKLQGP 
ETARELYSIL QHKGLVDKFP LFMAVYKVCY EGQPVGEFIH CLQNHPEHM

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.