Details for: GPR12

Gene ID: 2835

Symbol: GPR12

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132975

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 12

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 36.6262
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 7.5763
    Cell Significance Index: 266.2200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 3.9546
    Cell Significance Index: 98.8600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 3.6107
    Cell Significance Index: 74.9000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 3.3483
    Cell Significance Index: 205.2900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.3534
    Cell Significance Index: 50.9900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.7650
    Cell Significance Index: 56.5300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 1.5244
    Cell Significance Index: 33.3800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 1.3923
    Cell Significance Index: 73.1000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 1.3126
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.2398
    Cell Significance Index: 56.2000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.6433
    Cell Significance Index: 24.3600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6107
    Cell Significance Index: 60.4100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.5923
    Cell Significance Index: 26.2000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5275
    Cell Significance Index: 476.3300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.4019
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3690
    Cell Significance Index: 132.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3263
    Cell Significance Index: 35.5000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3190
    Cell Significance Index: 51.8900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2802
    Cell Significance Index: 53.3200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.2481
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0800
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2277
    Cell Significance Index: 13.6700
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.1945
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7300
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.1684
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1609
    Cell Significance Index: 32.2800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1588
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1016
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8300
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: 0.0609
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.0463
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8400
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0405
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0473
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8200
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.0539
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0583
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0608
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0617
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: chandelier cell (CL4023083)
    Fold Change: -0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0692
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0857
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0934
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0950
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0997
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4300
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.1028
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.1052
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1168
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1172
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: -0.1197
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1231
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1299
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3800
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1315
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1372
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4500
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1426
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.1526
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.1552
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1581
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1616
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.1619
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1976
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.2001
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.2004
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2032
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4600
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.2197
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3300
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: -0.2199
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2243
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.2248
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1200
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.2538
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3400
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.2583
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1500
  • Cell Name: intratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023008)
    Fold Change: -0.2626
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2634
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.2645
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0800
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.2676
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.2716
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2776
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8100
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.2857
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9700
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.2893
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2906
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2940
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPR12 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the class A of GPCRs, which are the largest family of cell surface receptors. It is characterized by its high expression in various cell types, including retinal cone cells, enterocytes, conventional dendritic cells, and cardiac endothelial cells. Notably, GPR12 is also expressed in stem cells, including intestinal crypt stem cells and transit amplifying cells, suggesting its involvement in cellular development and maintenance. **Pathways and Functions:** GPR12 is activated by a variety of ligands, including phosphatidylcholine, which is a phospholipid component of cellular membranes. Upon activation, GPR12 triggers a signaling cascade that involves the activation of adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This increase in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn modulates various downstream signaling pathways, including those involved in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis. The functional implications of GPR12 are multifaceted. In the immune system, GPR12 has been implicated in the regulation of dendritic cell function, including antigen presentation and cytokine production. In addition, GPR12 may play a role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier, particularly in the gut, where it is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells. **Clinical Significance:** While GPR12 is not a well-studied gene, its expression in various cell types and its involvement in immune regulation and cellular homeostasis make it an attractive candidate for further investigation. Potential therapeutic applications of GPR12-targeted interventions may include the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as well as disorders related to epithelial dysfunction, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, the discovery of GPR12's role in modulating dendritic cell function may have implications for vaccine development and immune therapy. By modulating dendritic cell function, GPR12 may be able to enhance or suppress immune responses, depending on the context. In conclusion, GPR12 is a fascinating gene that has the potential to reveal new insights into the regulation of immune responses and cellular homeostasis. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional implications of GPR12 and its potential therapeutic applications. **Recommendations for Future Research:** 1. Investigate the ligand specificity and binding properties of GPR12 to better understand its signaling mechanisms. 2. Explore the functional implications of GPR12 in different disease contexts, including autoimmune diseases and epithelial disorders. 3. Develop novel GPR12-targeted therapies to modulate immune responses and cellular homeostasis. 4. Investigate the role of GPR12 in dendritic cell function and its potential applications in vaccine development and immune therapy.

Genular Protein ID: 2446642685

Symbol: GPR12_HUMAN

Name: G-protein coupled receptor 12

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P47775 Q5T8P3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 EMBL 6 EMDB 1 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 8 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRINTS 3 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8530049

Title: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of human genes encoding three closely related G protein-coupled receptors.

PubMed ID: 8530049

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.1154

PubMed ID: 15057823

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13.

PubMed ID: 15057823

DOI: 10.1038/nature02379

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12220620

Title: Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a ligand of the human gpr3, gpr6 and gpr12 family of constitutively active G protein-coupled receptors.

PubMed ID: 12220620

DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00041-4

PubMed ID: 19286662

Title: Lipid G protein-coupled receptor ligand identification using beta-arrestin PathHunter assay.

PubMed ID: 19286662

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806516200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 334
  • Mass: 36730
  • Checksum: 618334A6582D744B
  • Sequence:
    • MNEDLKVNLS GLPRDYLDAA AAENISAAVS SRVPAVEPEP ELVVNPWDIV LCTSGTLISC 
ENAIVVLIIF HNPSLRAPMF LLIGSLALAD LLAGIGLITN FVFAYLLQSE ATKLVTIGLI 
VASFSASVCS LLAITVDRYL SLYYALTYHS ERTVTFTYVM LVMLWGTSIC LGLLPVMGWN 
CLRDESTCSV VRPLTKNNAA ILSVSFLFMF ALMLQLYIQI CKIVMRHAHQ IALQHHFLAT 
SHYVTTRKGV STLAIILGTF AACWMPFTLY SLIADYTYPS IYTYATLLPA TYNSIINPVI 
YAFRNQEIQK ALCLICCGCI PSSLAQRARS PSDV

Genular Protein ID: 491258119

Symbol: B4DG25_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DG25

Database IDs:

ARBA 6 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 5 Gene3D 1 InterPro 3 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 2 PROSITE 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 2 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 175
  • Mass: 19593
  • Checksum: 10CF94EDB45A2447
  • Sequence:
    • MLVMLWGTSI CLGLLPVMGW NCLRDESTCS VVRPLTKNNA AILSVSFLFM FALMLQLYIQ 
ICKIVMRHAH QIALQHHFLA TSHYVTTRKG VSTLAIILGT FAACWMPFTL YSLIADYTYP 
SIYTYATLLP ATYNSIINPV IYAFRNQEIQ KALCLICCGC IPSSLAQRAR SPSDV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.