Details for: GSK3A

Gene ID: 2931

Symbol: GSK3A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000105723

Description: glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 173.5187
    Cell Significance Index: -26.9900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 109.7013
    Cell Significance Index: -27.8300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 63.7440
    Cell Significance Index: -30.1000
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 54.7061
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 23.3098
    Cell Significance Index: -28.7400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 10.2880
    Cell Significance Index: -27.5600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 7.3441
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 5.7562
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 2.0477
    Cell Significance Index: 238.6400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.5946
    Cell Significance Index: 259.3500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.0100
    Cell Significance Index: 13.7800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.7049
    Cell Significance Index: 202.8100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.6398
    Cell Significance Index: 44.2500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.5933
    Cell Significance Index: 119.0200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.5926
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.5443
    Cell Significance Index: 24.6700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.5133
    Cell Significance Index: 92.5400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.4861
    Cell Significance Index: 13.9400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4822
    Cell Significance Index: 59.2900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.4505
    Cell Significance Index: 61.8700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4439
    Cell Significance Index: 28.6400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.4122
    Cell Significance Index: 25.9800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4065
    Cell Significance Index: 221.9900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3882
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3879
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3878
    Cell Significance Index: 171.4700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.3534
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.3447
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.3146
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2381
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2219
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2211
    Cell Significance Index: 28.3500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2165
    Cell Significance Index: 77.6500
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.2003
    Cell Significance Index: 138.5100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.1708
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1402
    Cell Significance Index: 13.8700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1233
    Cell Significance Index: 23.4700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1217
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2500
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.1156
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0982
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0960
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: 8.3000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -30.9700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -32.5600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -33.4200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0304
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.0619
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0624
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0694
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0705
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0756
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0771
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1266
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1345
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1671
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2148
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2460
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2465
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2498
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2616
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2685
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.2709
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2744
    Cell Significance Index: -28.5700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2942
    Cell Significance Index: -23.3000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.3035
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.3119
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2200
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.3503
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.3596
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6200
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.3605
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.3955
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4122
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.4210
    Cell Significance Index: -18.6200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.4740
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9500
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.4758
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.4884
    Cell Significance Index: -20.0100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.4913
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.5008
    Cell Significance Index: -25.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.5047
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.5109
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.5118
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3800
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -0.5501
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.5543
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4800
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.5583
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.6012
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.6148
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.6156
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.6289
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8000
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.6300
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1100
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.6506
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** GSK3A is a constitutively active enzyme that phosphorylates and regulates a wide range of substrates, including glycogen synthase, tau protein, and β-catenin. The enzyme is inhibited by lithium ions, which is a common therapeutic agent used to treat bipolar disorder. GSK3A is also regulated by various signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. The enzyme is highly conserved across species and is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. **Pathways and Functions** GSK3A is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Glycogen Metabolism**: GSK3A phosphorylates and regulates glycogen synthase, which is essential for glycogen synthesis and storage. 2. **Cell Signaling**: GSK3A is involved in the negative regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is essential for cell growth, differentiation, and survival. 3. **Apoptosis**: GSK3A regulates the apoptotic process by phosphorylating and activating pro-apoptotic proteins. 4. **Neurodegenerative Disorders**: GSK3A is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 5. **Cancer**: GSK3A is involved in the regulation of cancer cell growth, differentiation, and survival. **Clinical Significance** Abnormal expression of GSK3A has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cardiovascular Disease**: GSK3A is involved in the regulation of cardiac cell growth and differentiation, and its dysregulation is implicated in cardiovascular disease. 2. **Cancer**: GSK3A is involved in the regulation of cancer cell growth, differentiation, and survival, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancer. 3. **Neurodegenerative Disorders**: GSK3A is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Bipolar Disorder**: GSK3A is inhibited by lithium ions, which is a common therapeutic agent used to treat bipolar disorder. In conclusion, GSK3A is a complex enzyme that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including glycogen metabolism, cell signaling, and apoptosis. Its dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which GSK3A regulates cellular processes and to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 3539505301

Symbol: GSK3A_HUMAN

Name: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10868943

Title: Potential role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in skeletal muscle insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes.

PubMed ID: 10868943

DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.49.2.263

PubMed ID: 12761548

Title: GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides.

PubMed ID: 12761548

DOI: 10.1038/nature01640

PubMed ID: 17229088

Title: GSK3alpha exhibits beta-catenin and tau directed kinase activities that are modulated by Wnt.

PubMed ID: 17229088

DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05243.x

PubMed ID: 11749387

Title: Glycogen synthase kinase-3: properties, functions, and regulation.

PubMed ID: 11749387

DOI: 10.1021/cr000110o

PubMed ID: 17478001

Title: The role of GSK3 in glucose homeostasis and the development of insulin resistance.

PubMed ID: 17478001

DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.033

PubMed ID: 18846110

Title: Identification of an antiapoptotic protein complex at death receptors.

PubMed ID: 18846110

DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.124

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19366350

Title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3: more than a namesake.

PubMed ID: 19366350

DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00085.x

PubMed ID: 19706605

Title: GSK-3 phosphorylates delta-catenin and negatively regulates its stability via ubiquitination/proteosome-mediated proteolysis.

PubMed ID: 19706605

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.002659

PubMed ID: 19369195

Title: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.

PubMed ID: 19369195

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800588-mcp200

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22539723

Title: GSK3-TIP60-ULK1 signaling pathway links growth factor deprivation to autophagy.

PubMed ID: 22539723

DOI: 10.1126/science.1217032

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25187516

Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes anti-apoptotic activity of the macrophage by PtpA protein-dependent dephosphorylation of host GSK3alpha.

PubMed ID: 25187516

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582502

PubMed ID: 25897075

Title: Rictor Undergoes Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)-dependent, FBXW7-mediated Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation.

PubMed ID: 25897075

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633057

PubMed ID: 30704899

Title: Pacer is a mediator of mTORC1 and GSK3-TIP60 signaling in regulation of autophagosome maturation and lipid metabolism.

PubMed ID: 30704899

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.12.017

PubMed ID: 31073040

Title: LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.

PubMed ID: 31073040

DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0812

PubMed ID: 17344846

Title: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.

PubMed ID: 17344846

DOI: 10.1038/nature05610

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 483
  • Mass: 50981
  • Checksum: F18C012C03B7D786
  • Sequence:
  • MSGGGPSGGG PGGSGRARTS SFAEPGGGGG GGGGGPGGSA SGPGGTGGGK ASVGAMGGGV 
    GASSSGGGPG GSGGGGSGGP GAGTSFPPPG VKLGRDSGKV TTVVATLGQG PERSQEVAYT 
    DIKVIGNGSF GVVYQARLAE TRELVAIKKV LQDKRFKNRE LQIMRKLDHC NIVRLRYFFY 
    SSGEKKDELY LNLVLEYVPE TVYRVARHFT KAKLTIPILY VKVYMYQLFR SLAYIHSQGV 
    CHRDIKPQNL LVDPDTAVLK LCDFGSAKQL VRGEPNVSYI CSRYYRAPEL IFGATDYTSS 
    IDVWSAGCVL AELLLGQPIF PGDSGVDQLV EIIKVLGTPT REQIREMNPN YTEFKFPQIK 
    AHPWTKVFKS RTPPEAIALC SSLLEYTPSS RLSPLEACAH SFFDELRCLG TQLPNNRPLP 
    PLFNFSAGEL SIQPSLNAIL IPPHLRSPAG TTTLTPSSQA LTETPTSSDW QSTDATPTLT 
    NSS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.