Details for: GSTM2

Gene ID: 2946

Symbol: GSTM2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000213366

Description: glutathione S-transferase mu 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 46.9317
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 28.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 15.6739
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 12.5074
    Cell Significance Index: 77.3800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 5.9532
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3400
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 5.2855
    Cell Significance Index: 67.6900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 2.9677
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 0.8127
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8700
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.7873
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.7536
    Cell Significance Index: 143.4200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.7358
    Cell Significance Index: 21.2000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7186
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.6231
    Cell Significance Index: 112.3200
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.5272
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.5250
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9900
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.5071
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.4920
    Cell Significance Index: 67.5700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.4307
    Cell Significance Index: 25.8600
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 0.3968
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.3206
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3019
    Cell Significance Index: 272.6400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2971
    Cell Significance Index: 32.3200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1977
    Cell Significance Index: 32.1600
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.1752
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1507
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1490
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.1440
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1328
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.1262
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1224
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1219
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1035
    Cell Significance Index: 56.5000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1025
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2200
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 0.0988
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0836
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2700
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: 0.0823
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0814
    Cell Significance Index: 35.9900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0728
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0648
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0588
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0205
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: 28.2600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3800
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: -0.0238
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0338
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0363
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6500
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4900
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: -0.0437
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0466
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0554
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1300
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0715
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: -0.0829
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0874
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0907
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0981
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0983
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0989
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.1111
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** GSTM2 is a class Mu GST enzyme, which is a subgroup of the GST family that exhibits a high degree of substrate specificity. GSTM2 has a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa and is primarily expressed in the cytosol of cells. Unlike GSTM1, which is functional, GSTM2 is a non-functional variant that lacks enzymatic activity. This is due to a frameshift mutation in the GSTM2 gene, which disrupts the coding sequence and prevents the production of a functional enzyme. **Pathways and Functions** GSTM2 is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Cellular detoxification of nitrogen compounds**: GSTM2 plays a role in conjugating glutathione to nitrogenous compounds, such as xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species, which helps to detoxify these substances and prevent their toxic effects. 2. **Cellular oxidant detoxification**: GSTM2 is involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive molecules that can cause oxidative stress and damage to cellular components. 3. **Glutathione conjugation**: GSTM2 is responsible for conjugating glutathione to a wide range of substrates, including xenobiotics, carcinogens, and other reactive compounds. 4. **Hepoxilin biosynthetic process**: GSTM2 is involved in the synthesis of heparoxilin, a bioactive lipid that plays a role in modulating cellular signaling pathways. **Clinical Significance** The absence or reduced expression of GSTM2 has been associated with increased susceptibility to various cancers, including: 1. **Lung cancer**: GSTM2 deletion is more common in lung cancer patients than in healthy controls. 2. **Colon cancer**: GSTM2 deletion is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. 3. **Breast cancer**: GSTM2 deletion is more common in breast cancer patients than in healthy controls. 4. **Other cancers**: GSTM2 deletion has also been associated with an increased risk of other cancers, including prostate, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. The clinical significance of GSTM2 is also reflected in its role in other diseases, including: 1. **Atherosclerosis**: GSTM2 is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the production of heparoxilin, which plays a role in modulating cellular signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: GSTM2 is involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and the regulation of cellular signaling pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, GSTM2 is a non-functional variant of the GSTM1 gene that plays a crucial role in cellular detoxification and the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. The absence or reduced expression of GSTM2 has been associated with increased susceptibility to various cancers and other diseases, highlighting its importance as a biomarker for disease risk assessment and prevention.

Genular Protein ID: 2924460425

Symbol: GSTM2_HUMAN

Name: GST class-mu 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P28161 B4DRY4 E9PEM9 Q2M318 Q5TZY5 Q8WWE1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 2 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 13 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 7 EC 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 25 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OGP 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 11 PDBsum 11 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 4 SABIO-RK 1 SFLD 2 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2034681

Title: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a class-mu glutathione transferase from human muscle, the product of the GST4 locus.

PubMed ID: 2034681

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4443

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8373352

Title: Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an alternatively spliced human Mu class glutathione S-transferase transcript.

PubMed ID: 8373352

DOI: 10.1042/bj2940373

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21046276

Title: Biosynthesis of 14,15-hepoxilins in human l1236 Hodgkin lymphoma cells and eosinophils.

PubMed ID: 21046276

DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3485-1

PubMed ID: 8182750

Title: Crystal structure of human class mu glutathione transferase GSTM2-2. Effects of lattice packing on conformational heterogeneity.

PubMed ID: 8182750

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1336

PubMed ID: 16549767

Title: Alternative mutations of a positively selected residue elicit gain or loss of functionalities in enzyme evolution.

PubMed ID: 16549767

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600849103

PubMed ID: 19808963

Title: Structural basis for the binding of the anticancer compound 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol to human glutathione s-transferases.

PubMed ID: 19808963

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1314

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 218
  • Mass: 25745
  • Checksum: 15203709D4A63789
  • Sequence:
    • MPMTLGYWNI RGLAHSIRLL LEYTDSSYEE KKYTMGDAPD YDRSQWLNEK FKLGLDFPNL 
PYLIDGTHKI TQSNAILRYI ARKHNLCGES EKEQIREDIL ENQFMDSRMQ LAKLCYDPDF 
EKLKPEYLQA LPEMLKLYSQ FLGKQPWFLG DKITFVDFIA YDVLERNQVF EPSCLDAFPN 
LKDFISRFEG LEKISAYMKS SRFLPRPVFT KMAVWGNK

Genular Protein ID: 1686413837

Symbol: Q0D2I8_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q0D2I8

Database IDs:

ARBA 4 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 2 GO 3 Gene3D 2 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 4 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 1 RuleBase 1 SFLD 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 2

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 218
  • Mass: 25685
  • Checksum: 54302608D4A62BE5
  • Sequence:
    • MPMTLGYWNI RGLAHSIRLL LEYTDSSYEE KKYTMGDAPD YDRSQWLNEK FKLGLDFPNL 
PYLIDGTHKI TQSNAILRYI ARKHNLCGES EKEQIREDIL ENQFMDSRMQ LAKLCYDPDF 
EKLKPEYLQA LPEMLKLYSQ FLGKQPWSLG DKITFVDFIA YDVLERNQVF EPSCLDAFPN 
LKDFISRFEG LEKISAYMKS SRFLPRPVFT KMAVWGNK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.