Details for: GZMM

Gene ID: 3004

Symbol: GZMM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000197540

Description: granzyme M

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 61.6541
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 42.1458
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6900
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 41.0947
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7000
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 33.7879
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3800
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 12.9121
    Cell Significance Index: 34.5900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 7.6523
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4400
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 3.6803
    Cell Significance Index: 56.9400
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 2.7902
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.7268
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7600
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 2.6057
    Cell Significance Index: 76.5300
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 2.1340
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.7375
    Cell Significance Index: 78.7600
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: 1.3339
    Cell Significance Index: 13.8300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.1986
    Cell Significance Index: 228.1000
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: 1.1549
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5800
  • Cell Name: activated type II NK T cell (CL0000931)
    Fold Change: 1.0898
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0492
    Cell Significance Index: 103.7900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8084
    Cell Significance Index: 729.8900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4521
    Cell Significance Index: 73.5300
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: 0.4268
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3810
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3458
    Cell Significance Index: 37.6200
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: 0.2339
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1509
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4400
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 0.1306
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9400
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 0.0954
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0205
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0218
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0281
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9900
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0294
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0411
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0460
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1300
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: -0.0559
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0577
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0620
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0636
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0639
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0660
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0717
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0746
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0802
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2900
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.0834
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0848
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000907)
    Fold Change: -0.0921
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: -0.0935
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0959
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0974
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1032
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1044
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1086
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1164
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1219
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7200
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: -0.1359
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1424
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5500
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: -0.1451
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1474
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1510
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1525
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1638
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1648
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0800
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.1660
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1763
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1891
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2138
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2161
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2328
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0200
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: -0.2395
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000624)
    Fold Change: -0.2448
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.2481
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8900
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2508
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.2792
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2846
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.3064
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3079
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.3086
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3124
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9500
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: -0.3190
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: -0.3268
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GZMM is a serine protease that belongs to the granzyme family, which also includes granzyme A and granzyme B. It is primarily expressed in mature T cells, NK cells, and other immune cells, such as gamma-delta T cells and double-negative T regulatory cells. GZMM is characterized by its ability to induce apoptosis in target cells by cleaving specific cellular substrates, including caspase-8, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The protease also exhibits specificity for certain cellular substrates, including the tumor suppressor protein p53. **Pathways and Functions:** GZMM is involved in several key pathways that regulate immune responses, including: 1. **Apoptotic process:** GZMM induces apoptosis in target cells by cleaving specific cellular substrates, leading to the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, which ultimately result in the activation of the caspase cascade and the execution of cell death. 2. **Cytotoxic T cell and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity:** GZMM is a key component of the cytotoxic granules of T cells and NK cells, where it is released upon activation and induces apoptosis in target cells. 3. **Immune system regulation:** GZMM plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses by eliminating infected cells or tumor cells, thereby preventing the spread of disease. **Clinical Significance:** GZMM has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer:** GZMM has been shown to be overexpressed in several types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and lung cancer. This overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and increased tumor aggressiveness. 2. **Autoimmune diseases:** GZMM has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, where it is thought to contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. 3. **Infectious diseases:** GZMM has been shown to play a role in the clearance of infected cells in certain infectious diseases, such as HIV and herpes simplex virus. In conclusion, GZMM is a critical component of the immune system, playing a key role in regulating immune responses and eliminating infected cells or tumor cells. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the mechanisms of GZMM and its potential as a therapeutic target. **References:** * [Insert relevant references] **Note:** This review is a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of GZMM and its role in the immune system. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms of GZMM and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Genular Protein ID: 1504862673

Symbol: GRAM_HUMAN

Name: Granzyme M

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P51124

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 2 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 3 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8245461

Title: Met-ase: cloning and distinct chromosomal location of a serine protease preferentially expressed in human natural killer cells.

PubMed ID: 8245461

PubMed ID: 7713495

Title: The human Met-ase gene (GZMM): structure, sequence, and close physical linkage to the serine protease gene cluster on 19p13.3.

PubMed ID: 7713495

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1651

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 18523284

Title: NK cell protease granzyme M targets alpha-tubulin and disorganizes the microtubule network.

PubMed ID: 18523284

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8184

PubMed ID: 20406824

Title: Cleavage of survivin by Granzyme M triggers degradation of the survivin-X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) complex to free caspase activity leading to cytolysis of target tumor cells.

PubMed ID: 20406824

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.083170

PubMed ID: 19542453

Title: Structural basis for proteolytic specificity of the human apoptosis-inducing granzyme M.

PubMed ID: 19542453

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803088

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 257
  • Mass: 27545
  • Checksum: B4E815CE455F7371
  • Sequence:
    • MEACVSSLLV LALGALSVGS SFGTQIIGGR EVIPHSRPYM ASLQRNGSHL CGGVLVHPKW 
VLTAAHCLAQ RMAQLRLVLG LHTLDSPGLT FHIKAAIQHP RYKPVPALEN DLALLQLDGK 
VKPSRTIRPL ALPSKRQVVA AGTRCSMAGW GLTHQGGRLS RVLRELDLQV LDTRMCNNSR 
FWNGSLSPSM VCLAADSKDQ APCKGDSGGP LVCGKGRVLA RVLSFSSRVC TDIFKPPVAT 
AVAPYVSWIR KVTGRSA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.