H2AX | ENSG00000188486 | NCBI 3014

Details for: H2AX

Gene ID: 3014

Gene Type: Protein-coding - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: H2AX

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188486

Description: H2A.X variant histone

Cell Significance Landscape

Display Count:

Associated with

Activated pkn1 stimulates transcription of ar (androgen receptor) regulated genes klk2 and klk3
(R-HSA-5625886)
Activation of anterior hox genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis
(R-HSA-5617472)
Activation of hox genes during differentiation
(R-HSA-5619507)
Amyloid fiber formation
(R-HSA-977225)
Assembly of the orc complex at the origin of replication
(R-HSA-68616)
Assembly of the pre-replicative complex
(R-HSA-68867)
B-wich complex positively regulates rrna expression
(R-HSA-5250924)
Base-excision repair, ap site formation
(R-HSA-73929)
Base excision repair
(R-HSA-73884)
Cell cycle
(R-HSA-1640170)
Cell cycle, mitotic
(R-HSA-69278)
Cell cycle checkpoints
(R-HSA-69620)
Cellular responses to stimuli
(R-HSA-8953897)
Cellular responses to stress
(R-HSA-2262752)
Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (mzt)
(R-HSA-9821002)
Chromatin modifying enzymes
(R-HSA-3247509)
Chromatin organization
(R-HSA-4839726)
Chromosome maintenance
(R-HSA-73886)
Cleavage of the damaged purine
(R-HSA-110331)
Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine
(R-HSA-110329)
Condensation of prophase chromosomes
(R-HSA-2299718)
Defective pyroptosis
(R-HSA-9710421)
Deposition of new cenpa-containing nucleosomes at the centromere
(R-HSA-606279)
Depurination
(R-HSA-73927)
Depyrimidination
(R-HSA-73928)
Developmental biology
(R-HSA-1266738)
Disease
(R-HSA-1643685)
Diseases of programmed cell death
(R-HSA-9645723)
Dna damage/telomere stress induced senescence
(R-HSA-2559586)
Dna double-strand break repair
(R-HSA-5693532)
Dna double strand break response
(R-HSA-5693606)
Dna methylation
(R-HSA-5334118)
Dna repair
(R-HSA-73894)
Dna replication
(R-HSA-69306)
Dna replication pre-initiation
(R-HSA-69002)
Epigenetic regulation by wdr5-containing histone modifying complexes
(R-HSA-9917777)
Epigenetic regulation of adipogenesis genes by mll3 and mll4 complexes
(R-HSA-9851695)
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression
(R-HSA-212165)
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression by mll3 and mll4 complexes
(R-HSA-9818564)
Ercc6 (csb) and ehmt2 (g9a) positively regulate rrna expression
(R-HSA-427389)
Esr-mediated signaling
(R-HSA-8939211)
Estrogen-dependent gene expression
(R-HSA-9018519)
Formation of the beta-catenin:tcf transactivating complex
(R-HSA-201722)
G2/m checkpoints
(R-HSA-69481)
G2/m dna damage checkpoint
(R-HSA-69473)
Gene expression (transcription)
(R-HSA-74160)
Generic transcription pathway
(R-HSA-212436)
Gene silencing by rna
(R-HSA-211000)
Hdr through homologous recombination (hrr) or single strand annealing (ssa)
(R-HSA-5693567)
Homology directed repair
(R-HSA-5693538)
Inhibition of dna recombination at telomere
(R-HSA-9670095)
Maternal to zygotic transition (mzt)
(R-HSA-9816359)
Meiosis
(R-HSA-1500620)
Meiotic recombination
(R-HSA-912446)
Meiotic synapsis
(R-HSA-1221632)
Metabolism of proteins
(R-HSA-392499)
Mitotic prophase
(R-HSA-68875)
Mll4 and mll3 complexes regulate expression of pparg target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis
(R-HSA-9841922)
M phase
(R-HSA-68886)
Negative epigenetic regulation of rrna expression
(R-HSA-5250941)
Nonhomologous end-joining (nhej)
(R-HSA-5693571)
Norc negatively regulates rrna expression
(R-HSA-427413)
Oxidative stress induced senescence
(R-HSA-2559580)
Packaging of telomere ends
(R-HSA-171306)
Positive epigenetic regulation of rrna expression
(R-HSA-5250913)
Prc2 methylates histones and dna
(R-HSA-212300)
Pre-notch expression and processing
(R-HSA-1912422)
Pre-notch transcription and translation
(R-HSA-1912408)
Processing of dna double-strand break ends
(R-HSA-5693607)
Recognition and association of dna glycosylase with site containing an affected purine
(R-HSA-110330)
Recognition and association of dna glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine
(R-HSA-110328)
Recruitment and atm-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at dna double strand breaks
(R-HSA-5693565)
Regulation of endogenous retroelements
(R-HSA-9842860)
Regulation of endogenous retroelements by krab-zfp proteins
(R-HSA-9843940)
Regulation of endogenous retroelements by piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas)
(R-HSA-9845323)
Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the human silencing hub (hush) complex
(R-HSA-9843970)
Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus
(R-HSA-9821993)
Reproduction
(R-HSA-1474165)
Rho gtpase effectors
(R-HSA-195258)
Rho gtpases activate pkns
(R-HSA-5625740)
Rmts methylate histone arginines
(R-HSA-3214858)
Rna polymerase ii transcription
(R-HSA-73857)
Rna polymerase i promoter clearance
(R-HSA-73854)
Rna polymerase i promoter escape
(R-HSA-73772)
Rna polymerase i promoter opening
(R-HSA-73728)
Rna polymerase i transcription
(R-HSA-73864)
Runx1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function
(R-HSA-8936459)
Runx1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of hscs
(R-HSA-8939236)
Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (sasp)
(R-HSA-2559582)
Signaling by notch
(R-HSA-157118)
Signaling by nuclear receptors
(R-HSA-9006931)
Signaling by rho gtpases
(R-HSA-194315)
Signaling by rho gtpases, miro gtpases and rhobtb3
(R-HSA-9716542)
Signaling by wnt
(R-HSA-195721)
Signal transduction
(R-HSA-162582)
Sirt1 negatively regulates rrna expression
(R-HSA-427359)
Tcf dependent signaling in response to wnt
(R-HSA-201681)
Telomere maintenance
(R-HSA-157579)
Transcriptional regulation by runx1
(R-HSA-8878171)
Transcriptional regulation by small rnas
(R-HSA-5578749)
Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis
(R-HSA-9616222)
Cellular response to gamma radiation
(GO:0071480)
Cellular senescence
(GO:0090398)
Centrosome
(GO:0005813)
Cerebral cortex development
(GO:0021987)
Chromatin-protein adaptor activity
(GO:0140463)
Chromosome, telomeric region
(GO:0000781)
Condensed nuclear chromosome
(GO:0000794)
Damaged dna binding
(GO:0003684)
Dna binding
(GO:0003677)
Dna damage checkpoint signaling
(GO:0000077)
Dna damage response
(GO:0006974)
Double-strand break repair
(GO:0006302)
Double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
(GO:0000724)
Enzyme binding
(GO:0019899)
Extracellular exosome
(GO:0070062)
Heterochromatin formation
(GO:0031507)
Histone binding
(GO:0042393)
Male germ cell nucleus
(GO:0001673)
Meiotic cell cycle
(GO:0051321)
Nuclear speck
(GO:0016607)
Nucleoplasm
(GO:0005654)
Nucleosome
(GO:0000786)
Nucleosome assembly
(GO:0006334)
Nucleus
(GO:0005634)
Positive regulation of dna repair
(GO:0045739)
Protein binding
(GO:0005515)
Protein heterodimerization activity
(GO:0046982)
Protein localization to site of double-strand break
(GO:1990166)
Replication fork
(GO:0005657)
Response to ionizing radiation
(GO:0010212)
Site of dna damage
(GO:0090734)
Site of double-strand break
(GO:0035861)
Spermatogenesis
(GO:0007283)
Structural constituent of chromatin
(GO:0030527)
Xy body
(GO:0001741)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338

CSI 30.52

rCSI 35.25%

PRS 70.33
fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045

CSI 20.98

rCSI 24.02%

PRS 88.78
large pre-B-II cell CL0000957

CSI 20.49

rCSI 58.49%

PRS 84.09
mesodermal cell CL0000222

CSI 20.22

rCSI 24.28%

PRS 75.58
pro-B cell CL0000826

CSI 19.06

rCSI 15.79%

PRS 80.44
radial glial cell CL0000681

CSI 18.52

rCSI 25.73%

PRS 76.67
IgA plasma cell CL0000987

CSI 17.3

rCSI 17.71%

PRS 86.21
epithelial cell of lung CL0000082

CSI 17.16

rCSI 14.22%

PRS 78.48
double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809

CSI 15.94

rCSI 16.24%

PRS 87.79
plasmablast CL0000980

CSI 13.46

rCSI 10.59%

PRS 83.36
blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071

CSI 10.51

rCSI 21.8%

PRS 74.62
promonocyte CL0000559

CSI 10.04

rCSI 17.19%

PRS 84.37
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050

CSI 9.13

rCSI 8.25%

PRS 76.15
CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897

CSI 8.79

rCSI 6.31%

PRS 90.16
placental villous trophoblast CL2000060

CSI 8.17

rCSI 12.62%

PRS 76.97
interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088

CSI 8.12

rCSI 10.34%

PRS 82.89
vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359

CSI 7.7

rCSI 24.99%

PRS 75.86
group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071

CSI 7.34

rCSI 5.52%

PRS 83.67
enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504

CSI 7.12

rCSI 10.16%

PRS 78.8
keratinocyte CL0000312

CSI 7.03

rCSI 5.89%

PRS 80.97
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585

CSI 6.51

rCSI 10.4%

PRS 81.59
CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399

CSI 6.5

rCSI 7.85%

PRS 85.65
myoepithelial cell CL0000185

CSI 6.42

rCSI 16.25%

PRS 83.26
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 6.36

rCSI 34.32%

PRS 84.84
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 6.22

rCSI 13.9%

PRS 85.01
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 5.92

rCSI 4.12%

PRS 91.32
glioblast CL0000030

CSI 5.62

rCSI 8.97%

PRS 69.67
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 5.54

rCSI 4.48%

PRS 80.28
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 5.36

rCSI 7.42%

PRS 75.38
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 5.33

rCSI 7.26%

PRS 94.05
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 5.28

rCSI 4.62%

PRS 85.34
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 5.07

rCSI 4.45%

PRS 83.04
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 4.73

rCSI 4.38%

PRS 91.95
basal cell CL0000646

CSI 4.67

rCSI 6.25%

PRS 76.8
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 4.44

rCSI 5.58%

PRS 86.8
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 4.41

rCSI 3.82%

PRS 82.11
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 4.27

rCSI 4.11%

PRS 77.22
fibroblast CL0000057

CSI 4.14

rCSI 11.9%

PRS 73.85
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 4.05

rCSI 17.78%

PRS 86.65
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 3.7

rCSI 3.25%

PRS 66.85
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 3.59

rCSI 2.92%

PRS 77.25
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 3.59

rCSI 2.72%

PRS 89.69
neural crest cell CL0011012

CSI 3.42

rCSI 2.71%

PRS 66.35
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 3.32

rCSI 2.58%

PRS 91.5
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 3.27

rCSI 3.04%

PRS 78.42
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 3.24

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 75.26
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 3.19

rCSI 2.22%

PRS 88.91
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 3.19

rCSI 21.89%

PRS 84.92
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 3.18

rCSI 2.83%

PRS 75.68
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 3.14

rCSI 3.88%

PRS 75.75
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 3.11

rCSI 2.17%

PRS 81.26
erythrocyte CL0000232

CSI 3.09

rCSI 7.02%

PRS 78.8
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 3.05

rCSI 4.46%

PRS 82.75
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 3.04

rCSI 2.98%

PRS 91.12
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 3

rCSI 2.76%

PRS 79.39
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 2.85

rCSI 2.84%

PRS 71.65
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 2.85

rCSI 8.49%

PRS 88.1
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 2.78

rCSI 4.01%

PRS 84.16
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI 2.71

rCSI 17.44%

PRS 87.9
brush cell CL0002204

CSI 2.71

rCSI 5.36%

PRS 87.06
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 2.61

rCSI 4.01%

PRS 86.36
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 2.6

rCSI 2.24%

PRS 79.13
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI 2.58

rCSI 6.56%

PRS 71.25
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 2.58

rCSI 3.52%

PRS 69.4
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 2.46

rCSI 1.83%

PRS 88.58
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI 2.41

rCSI 6.91%

PRS 93.54
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 2.39

rCSI 3.27%

PRS 82.36
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 2.33

rCSI 2.63%

PRS 90.57
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 2.29

rCSI 3.49%

PRS 85.34
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 2.28

rCSI 1.81%

PRS 93.75
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 2.27

rCSI 1.76%

PRS 81.43
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 2.22

rCSI 2.38%

PRS 79.06
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 2.12

rCSI 3.24%

PRS 81.9
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI 2.12

rCSI 3.67%

PRS 69.25
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 2.09

rCSI 2.01%

PRS 91.77
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 2.06

rCSI 3.9%

PRS 88.99
innate lymphoid cell CL0001065

CSI 2.03

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 75.53
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 2.03

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 81.32
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 2

rCSI 2.07%

PRS 82.26
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.38%

PRS 87.12
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 1.88

rCSI 5.28%

PRS 72.93
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 1.88

rCSI 6.67%

PRS 95.52
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 1.87

rCSI 2.16%

PRS 69.92
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 1.85

rCSI 4.91%

PRS 84.24
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 1.81

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 75.55
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 1.72

rCSI 3.11%

PRS 92.89
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 1.7

rCSI 2.45%

PRS 85.13
foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179

CSI 1.66

rCSI 3.54%

PRS 84.61
neural progenitor cell CL0011020

CSI 1.61

rCSI 7.1%

PRS 66.45
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 1.53

rCSI 1.33%

PRS 87.36
tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001

CSI 1.5

rCSI 6.48%

PRS 85.5
tuft cell of colon CL0009041

CSI 1.48

rCSI 3.45%

PRS 84.43
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 1.43

rCSI 3.26%

PRS 71.93
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794

CSI 1.32

rCSI 1.57%

PRS 92.3
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 1.21

rCSI 3.33%

PRS 84.89
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 1.18

rCSI 12.83%

PRS 86.58
basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028

CSI 1.18

rCSI 6.27%

PRS 94.84
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 1.16

rCSI 5.82%

PRS 89.25
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 1.15

rCSI 4.97%

PRS 83.88
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 1.14

rCSI 2.19%

PRS 94.29

cytotoxic T cell CL0000910

CSI 0.2

rCSI 1.1%

PRS 82.3%
mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134

CSI 0.2

rCSI 2.3%

PRS 83.7%
megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553

CSI 0.2

rCSI 4.3%

PRS 94.2%
CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human CL0001074

CSI 0.3

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 92.9%
group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069

CSI 0.3

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 94.6%
blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018

CSI 0.3

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 71.8%
lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016

CSI 0.4

rCSI 6.7%

PRS 86.2%
P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268

CSI 0.4

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 86.8%
erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038

CSI 0.5

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 83.8%
epithelial cell of nephron CL1000449

CSI 0.6

rCSI 5.5%

PRS 94.5%
type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577

CSI 0.7

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 82.5%
CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell CL0000915

CSI 0.7

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 93.9%
forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000

CSI 0.8

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 80.2%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203

CSI 0.8

rCSI 1.0%

PRS 59.2%
pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010

CSI 1.0

rCSI 12.8%

PRS 94.1%
deuterosomal cell CL4033044

CSI 1.0

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 76.4%
colon goblet cell CL0009039

CSI 1.0

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 83.8%
mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791

CSI 1.0

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 92.6%
late pro-B cell CL0002048

CSI 1.1

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 91.9%
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035

CSI 1.1

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 77.5%
retinal cone cell CL0000573

CSI 1.1

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 67.9%
mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327

CSI 1.1

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 86.3%
memory T cell CL0000813

CSI 1.1

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 94.3%
megakaryocyte CL0000556

CSI 1.2

rCSI 5.0%

PRS 83.9%
effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062

CSI 1.2

rCSI 5.8%

PRS 89.3%
basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028

CSI 1.2

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 94.8%
respiratory goblet cell CL0002370

CSI 1.2

rCSI 12.8%

PRS 86.6%
stromal cell of ovary CL0002132

CSI 1.2

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 84.9%
CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794

CSI 1.3

rCSI 1.6%

PRS 92.3%
ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145

CSI 1.4

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 71.9%
tuft cell of colon CL0009041

CSI 1.5

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 84.4%
tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001

CSI 1.5

rCSI 6.5%

PRS 85.5%
mature B cell CL0000785

CSI 1.5

rCSI 1.3%

PRS 87.4%
neural progenitor cell CL0011020

CSI 1.6

rCSI 7.1%

PRS 66.5%
foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179

CSI 1.7

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 84.6%
mucous neck cell CL0000651

CSI 1.7

rCSI 2.5%

PRS 85.1%
T-helper 1 cell CL0000545

CSI 1.7

rCSI 3.1%

PRS 92.9%
intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563

CSI 1.8

rCSI 1.9%

PRS 75.6%
erythroblast CL0000765

CSI 1.9

rCSI 4.9%

PRS 84.2%
lung ciliated cell CL1000271

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 69.9%
thymocyte CL0000893

CSI 1.9

rCSI 6.7%

PRS 95.5%
stromal cell CL0000499

CSI 1.9

rCSI 5.3%

PRS 72.9%
alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890

CSI 1.9

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 87.1%
respiratory basal cell CL0002633

CSI 2.0

rCSI 2.1%

PRS 82.3%
respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048

CSI 2.0

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 81.3%
innate lymphoid cell CL0001065

CSI 2.0

rCSI 4.2%

PRS 75.5%
basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.9%

PRS 89.0%
small pre-B-II cell CL0000954

CSI 2.1

rCSI 2.0%

PRS 91.8%
cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.7%

PRS 69.3%
intestinal tuft cell CL0019032

CSI 2.1

rCSI 3.2%

PRS 81.9%
ionocyte CL0005006

CSI 2.2

rCSI 2.4%

PRS 79.1%
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632

CSI 2.3

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 81.4%
T-helper 17 cell CL0000899

CSI 2.3

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 93.8%
granulocyte CL0000094

CSI 2.3

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 85.3%
activated type II NK T cell CL0000931

CSI 2.3

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 90.6%
perivascular cell CL4033054

CSI 2.4

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 82.4%
effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044

CSI 2.4

rCSI 6.9%

PRS 93.5%
immature B cell CL0000816

CSI 2.5

rCSI 1.8%

PRS 88.6%
peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032

CSI 2.6

rCSI 3.5%

PRS 69.4%
mesenchymal cell CL0008019

CSI 2.6

rCSI 6.6%

PRS 71.3%
skin fibroblast CL0002620

CSI 2.6

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 79.1%
dendritic cell, human CL0001056

CSI 2.6

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 86.4%
brush cell CL0002204

CSI 2.7

rCSI 5.4%

PRS 87.1%
erythroid lineage cell CL0000764

CSI 2.7

rCSI 17.4%

PRS 87.9%
promyelocyte CL0000836

CSI 2.8

rCSI 4.0%

PRS 84.2%
germinal center B cell CL0000844

CSI 2.9

rCSI 8.5%

PRS 88.1%
multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012

CSI 2.9

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 71.7%
myeloid leukocyte CL0000766

CSI 3.0

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 79.4%
activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906

CSI 3.0

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 91.1%
duct epithelial cell CL0000068

CSI 3.1

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 82.8%
erythrocyte CL0000232

CSI 3.1

rCSI 7.0%

PRS 78.8%
plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058

CSI 3.1

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 81.3%
extravillous trophoblast CL0008036

CSI 3.1

rCSI 3.9%

PRS 75.8%
intestine goblet cell CL0019031

CSI 3.2

rCSI 2.8%

PRS 75.7%
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008

CSI 3.2

rCSI 21.9%

PRS 84.9%
double negative thymocyte CL0002489

CSI 3.2

rCSI 2.2%

PRS 88.9%
colon epithelial cell CL0011108

CSI 3.2

rCSI 3.4%

PRS 75.3%
fibroblast of lung CL0002553

CSI 3.3

rCSI 3.0%

PRS 78.4%
mature T cell CL0002419

CSI 3.3

rCSI 2.6%

PRS 91.5%
neural crest cell CL0011012

CSI 3.4

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 66.4%
CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492

CSI 3.6

rCSI 2.7%

PRS 89.7%
bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093

CSI 3.6

rCSI 2.9%

PRS 77.3%
ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067

CSI 3.7

rCSI 3.3%

PRS 66.9%
transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012

CSI 4.1

rCSI 17.8%

PRS 86.7%
fibroblast CL0000057

CSI 4.1

rCSI 11.9%

PRS 73.9%
fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006

CSI 4.3

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 77.2%
granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557

CSI 4.4

rCSI 3.8%

PRS 82.1%
common dendritic progenitor CL0001029

CSI 4.4

rCSI 5.6%

PRS 86.8%
basal cell CL0000646

CSI 4.7

rCSI 6.3%

PRS 76.8%
activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896

CSI 4.7

rCSI 4.4%

PRS 92.0%
early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936

CSI 5.1

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 83.0%
precursor B cell CL0000817

CSI 5.3

rCSI 4.6%

PRS 85.3%
effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905

CSI 5.3

rCSI 7.3%

PRS 94.1%
myofibroblast cell CL0000186

CSI 5.4

rCSI 7.4%

PRS 75.4%
common myeloid progenitor CL0000049

CSI 5.5

rCSI 4.5%

PRS 80.3%
glioblast CL0000030

CSI 5.6

rCSI 9.0%

PRS 69.7%
naive T cell CL0000898

CSI 5.9

rCSI 4.1%

PRS 91.3%
lung macrophage CL1001603

CSI 6.2

rCSI 13.9%

PRS 85.0%
primitive red blood cell CL0002355

CSI 6.4

rCSI 34.3%

PRS 84.8%
myoepithelial cell CL0000185

CSI 6.4

rCSI 16.3%

PRS 83.3%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Context Genes (max 20):

Interaction Source:

Pathway Categories (for ONTOLOGY source):

Baseline Cell Type:

Baseline Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Target Cell Type:

Target Cell Context(s): Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:

Query Gene
Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
- Very High
- High
- Medium
- Low
- Very Low
- CSI N/A
Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
STRING PPI Edge
Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

Description
Proteins

## Summary [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) is a protein-coding gene that encodes the histone H2A variant H2A.X, a fundamental component of chromatin structure. It plays a critical and evolutionarily conserved role in maintaining genome integrity. Its primary function is centered on the cellular response to DNA damage, particularly double-strand breaks (DSBs). Upon sensing a DSB, H2A.X is rapidly phosphorylated at serine 139 to form gamma-H2AX, which serves as a crucial signaling platform to recruit a cascade of DNA repair and checkpoint proteins ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00610-2)). This function is essential for processes involving programmed DNA breaks, such as V(D)J recombination in developing lymphocytes and meiotic recombination in germ cells. Consistent with this, [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) shows significant expression in highly proliferative and differentiating cell populations, including neural progenitors and B-lymphoid precursors. Its clinical association is linked to genome instability syndromes ([601772](https://omim.org/entry/601772)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) highlights its indispensable role in cells undergoing rapid division, differentiation, or genomic rearrangement. The gene shows the highest significance in developmental precursors, such as [neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338) (CSI: 30.52) and [radial glial cell](/details-cell/CL0000681) (CSI: 18.52), underscoring its importance in maintaining genomic stability during neurogenesis. A prominent feature of its expression landscape is its high significance across multiple stages of B lymphocyte development, including [fraction A pre-pro B cell](/details-cell/CL0002045) (CSI: 20.98), [large pre-B-II cell](/details-cell/CL0000957) (CSI: 20.49), and [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826) (CSI: 19.06). This pattern is consistent with its critical function in mediating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks intentionally generated during V(D)J recombination, a process essential for creating a diverse antibody repertoire. Its continued importance in mature, antibody-secreting cells is suggested by its high CSI in [IgA plasma cell](/details-cell/CL0000987) (CSI: 17.30) and [plasmablast](/details-cell/CL0000980) (CSI: 13.46). Furthermore, [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) is highly significant in other proliferative contexts, including thymic development ([double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte](/details-cell/CL0000809), CSI: 15.94) and hematopoiesis ([megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050), CSI: 9.13). The high expression in [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) (CSI: 17.16) and [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 8.17) suggests a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and during embryonic development, respectively. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) is a cornerstone of the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery. Its annotation profile is dominated by terms related to DNA integrity and repair. It is a central player in the [Dna damage response](/details-go/GO:0006974) and is specifically involved in [Double-strand break repair](/details-go/GO:0006302), a process critical for preventing chromosomal translocations and cell death. The Reactome pathway for [Dna double strand break response](/details-reactome/R-HSA-5693606) details its role where, following a break, kinases such as ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK phosphorylate [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3207)). This phosphorylation event serves as a binding site for mediator proteins like MDC1, which in turn recruits additional repair factors to the damaged site ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01446)). Beyond its immediate role in repair, [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) is integral to cell cycle regulation and cellular fate decisions. Its involvement in [Dna damage checkpoint signaling](/details-go/GO:0000077) and [Cell cycle checkpoints](/details-reactome/R-HSA-69620) ensures that the cell cycle is arrested to allow time for repair before DNA replication or mitosis proceeds. If damage is irreparable, H2AX-mediated signaling can contribute to the induction of [Cellular senescence](/details-go/GO:0090398) or apoptosis. Its fundamental role as a [Structural constituent of chromatin](/details-go/GO:0030527) and its participation in [Nucleosome assembly](/details-go/GO:0006334) situate these critical signaling functions directly within the context of DNA packaging and organization. Its involvement in developmental pathways such as [Cerebral cortex development](/details-go/GO:0021987) and specialized processes like [Spermatogenesis](/details-go/GO:0007283) is a direct consequence of its essential function in safeguarding the genome during periods of intense cellular activity. ## Research Directions The ubiquitous and fundamental role of [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) in DNA repair makes it a central node in both normal physiology and pathology. Future research should focus on the cell-type-specific consequences of its dysfunction and the modulation of its activity for therapeutic benefit. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given the high significance of [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) in B-cell precursors ([fraction A pre-pro B cell](/details-cell/CL0002045), [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826)), its conditional deletion in the lymphoid lineage will result in a severe block in B-cell development at the pro-B to pre-B transition due to failed V(D)J recombination, leading to profound immunodeficiency. 2. The high CSI of [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) in [neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)](/details-cell/CL0000338) suggests that sublethal DNA damage and subsequent H2AX-dependent signaling in neural progenitor cells contribute to age-associated depletion of the stem cell pool, thereby linking genomic instability to a decline in neurogenesis and cognitive function. **Experimental Approach for Hypothesis 1:** To test the role of [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) in B-cell development, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated by crossing H2ax-floxed mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a B-cell specific promoter (e.g., Mb1-Cre or Cd19-Cre). The resulting offspring would lack [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) specifically in the B-cell lineage. The developmental consequences would be assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry of bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood to quantify B-cell progenitor populations (Pro-B, Pre-B, Immature B, Mature B). A significant reduction or complete absence of cells beyond the pro-B stage would confirm the predicted developmental block. Southern blot or PCR-based assays could be used to directly assess the status of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene rearrangements in sorted B-cell progenitors to confirm a defect in V(D)J recombination. **Therapeutic Potential:** Directly targeting [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) is likely infeasible due to its essential structural role. However, the post-translational modification of [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) (i.e., its phosphorylation to gamma-H2AX) is a highly attractive therapeutic node. Many cancer therapies work by inducing catastrophic DNA damage. Cancers often upregulate DNA repair pathways to survive this onslaught. Therefore, **inhibition** of the upstream kinases (ATM, ATR, DNA-PK) that phosphorylate [H2AX](/details-gene/3014) represents a powerful strategy to sensitize tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Such inhibitors would prevent the initiation of the DNA damage response, leading to the accumulation of lethal damage specifically in rapidly dividing cancer cells while having a lesser effect on quiescent healthy cells. This approach transforms a key survival mechanism into a vulnerability.

Disclaimer: This in-silico analysis is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Histone H2AX

Genular Protein ID: 576387282

Symbol: H2AX_HUMAN

Name: Histone H2AX

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P16104 Q4ZGJ7 Q6IAS5

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2587254

Title: H2A.X. a histone isoprotein with a conserved C-terminal sequence, is encoded by a novel mRNA with both DNA replication type and polyA 3' processing signals.

PubMed ID: 2587254

DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.22.9113

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9488723

Title: DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139.

PubMed ID: 9488723

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858

PubMed ID: 10477747

Title: Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo.

PubMed ID: 10477747

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.146.5.905

PubMed ID: 10959836

Title: A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 10959836

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00610-2

PubMed ID: 10734083

Title: Initiation of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis induces phosphorylation of H2AX histone at serine 139.

PubMed ID: 10734083

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.13.9390

PubMed ID: 11673449

Title: Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress.

PubMed ID: 11673449

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c100569200

PubMed ID: 12419185

Title: NBS1 localizes to gamma-H2AX foci through interaction with the FHA/BRCT domain.

PubMed ID: 12419185

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)01259-9

PubMed ID: 12697768

Title: Accumulation of checkpoint protein 53BP1 at DNA breaks involves its binding to phosphorylated histone H2AX.

PubMed ID: 12697768

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300117200

PubMed ID: 12660252

Title: Phosphorylation of histone H2AX and activation of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 in response to replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks induced by mammalian DNA topoisomerase I cleavage complexes.

PubMed ID: 12660252

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300198200

PubMed ID: 12607005

Title: MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint.

PubMed ID: 12607005

DOI: 10.1038/nature01446

PubMed ID: 14627815

Title: DNA-PK is activated by nucleosomes and phosphorylates H2AX within the nucleosomes in an acetylation-dependent manner.

PubMed ID: 14627815

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg921

PubMed ID: 15059890

Title: ATM and DNA-PK function redundantly to phosphorylate H2AX after exposure to ionizing radiation.

PubMed ID: 15059890

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3207

PubMed ID: 15201865

Title: Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX-dependent chromatin retention.

PubMed ID: 15201865

DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600269

PubMed ID: 15489221

Title: Doxorubicin activates ATM-dependent phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets in part through the generation of reactive oxygen species.

PubMed ID: 15489221

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406879200

PubMed ID: 15613478

Title: Actinomycin D induces histone gamma-H2AX foci and complex formation of gamma-H2AX with Ku70 and nuclear DNA helicase II.

PubMed ID: 15613478

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411444200

PubMed ID: 16310392

Title: gamma-H2AX dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A facilitates DNA double-strand break repair.

PubMed ID: 16310392

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.10.003

PubMed ID: 16820410

Title: Novel function of beta-arrestin2 in the nucleus of mature spermatozoa.

PubMed ID: 16820410

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03046

PubMed ID: 18001824

Title: RNF8 ubiquitylates histones at DNA double-strand breaks and promotes assembly of repair proteins.

PubMed ID: 18001824

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.040

PubMed ID: 18001825

Title: RNF8 transduces the DNA-damage signal via histone ubiquitylation and checkpoint protein assembly.

PubMed ID: 18001825

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.041

PubMed ID: 17709392

Title: DNA damage-dependent acetylation and ubiquitination of H2AX enhances chromatin dynamics.

PubMed ID: 17709392

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00579-07

PubMed ID: 17525332

Title: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 17525332

DOI: 10.1126/science.1140321

PubMed ID: 19203578

Title: The RIDDLE syndrome protein mediates a ubiquitin-dependent signaling cascade at sites of DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 19203578

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.042

PubMed ID: 19203579

Title: RNF168 binds and amplifies ubiquitin conjugates on damaged chromosomes to allow accumulation of repair proteins.

PubMed ID: 19203579

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.041

PubMed ID: 19092802

Title: WSTF regulates the H2A.X DNA damage response via a novel tyrosine kinase activity.

PubMed ID: 19092802

DOI: 10.1038/nature07668

PubMed ID: 19234442

Title: Tyrosine dephosphorylation of H2AX modulates apoptosis and survival decisions.

PubMed ID: 19234442

DOI: 10.1038/nature07849

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 22980979

Title: RNF168 ubiquitinates K13-15 on H2A/H2AX to drive DNA Damage signaling.

PubMed ID: 22980979

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.005

PubMed ID: 24429368

Title: Epstein-Barr virus essential antigen EBNA3C attenuates H2AX expression.

PubMed ID: 24429368

DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03568-13

PubMed ID: 25218447

Title: Uncovering global SUMOylation signaling networks in a site-specific manner.

PubMed ID: 25218447

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2890

PubMed ID: 26438602

Title: Acetylation of histone H2AX at Lys 5 by the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex is essential for the dynamic binding of NBS1 to damaged chromatin.

PubMed ID: 26438602

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00757-15

PubMed ID: 26734725

Title: The proximity ligation assay reveals that at DNA double-strand breaks WRAP53beta associates with gammaH2AX and controls interactions between RNF8 and MDC1.

PubMed ID: 26734725

DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1106675

PubMed ID: 26721387

Title: Hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 2 promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination.

PubMed ID: 26721387

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1526

PubMed ID: 28112733

Title: Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 28112733

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3366

PubMed ID: 27715493

Title: Phosphorylation of the Cajal body protein WRAP53beta by ATM promotes its involvement in the DNA damage response.

PubMed ID: 27715493

DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1243647

PubMed ID: 31527692

Title: VRK1 functional insufficiency due to alterations in protein stability or kinase activity of human VRK1 pathogenic variants implicated in neuromotor syndromes.

PubMed ID: 31527692

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49821-7

PubMed ID: 35849344

Title: LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms.

PubMed ID: 35849344

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac611

PubMed ID: 22154951

Title: Specific recognition of phosphorylated tail of H2AX by the tandem BRCT domains of MCPH1 revealed by complex structure.

PubMed ID: 22154951

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.11.022

Sequence Information:

Length: 143
Mass: 15145
Checksum: D4683775C2E6C3A9
Sequence:

MSGRGKTGGK ARAKAKSRSS RAGLQFPVGR VHRLLRKGHY AERVGAGAPV YLAAVLEYLT 
AEILELAGNA ARDNKKTRII PRHLQLAIRN DEELNKLLGG VTIAQGGVLP NIQAVLLPKK 
TSATVGPKAP SGGKKATQAS QEY

Details for: H2AX

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Network Configuration

Legend:

Other Information

H2A.X. a histone isoprotein with a conserved C-terminal sequence, is encoded by a novel mRNA with both DNA replication type and polyA 3' processing signals. PubMed ID: 2587254

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139. PubMed ID: 9488723

Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo. PubMed ID: 10477747

A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage. PubMed ID: 10959836

Initiation of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis induces phosphorylation of H2AX histone at serine 139. PubMed ID: 10734083

Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress. PubMed ID: 11673449

NBS1 localizes to gamma-H2AX foci through interaction with the FHA/BRCT domain. PubMed ID: 12419185

Accumulation of checkpoint protein 53BP1 at DNA breaks involves its binding to phosphorylated histone H2AX. PubMed ID: 12697768

Phosphorylation of histone H2AX and activation of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 in response to replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks induced by mammalian DNA topoisomerase I cleavage complexes. PubMed ID: 12660252

MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint. PubMed ID: 12607005

DNA-PK is activated by nucleosomes and phosphorylates H2AX within the nucleosomes in an acetylation-dependent manner. PubMed ID: 14627815

ATM and DNA-PK function redundantly to phosphorylate H2AX after exposure to ionizing radiation. PubMed ID: 15059890

Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX-dependent chromatin retention. PubMed ID: 15201865

Doxorubicin activates ATM-dependent phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets in part through the generation of reactive oxygen species. PubMed ID: 15489221

Actinomycin D induces histone gamma-H2AX foci and complex formation of gamma-H2AX with Ku70 and nuclear DNA helicase II. PubMed ID: 15613478

gamma-H2AX dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A facilitates DNA double-strand break repair. PubMed ID: 16310392

Novel function of beta-arrestin2 in the nucleus of mature spermatozoa. PubMed ID: 16820410

RNF8 ubiquitylates histones at DNA double-strand breaks and promotes assembly of repair proteins. PubMed ID: 18001824

RNF8 transduces the DNA-damage signal via histone ubiquitylation and checkpoint protein assembly. PubMed ID: 18001825

DNA damage-dependent acetylation and ubiquitination of H2AX enhances chromatin dynamics. PubMed ID: 17709392

ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. PubMed ID: 17525332

The RIDDLE syndrome protein mediates a ubiquitin-dependent signaling cascade at sites of DNA damage. PubMed ID: 19203578

RNF168 binds and amplifies ubiquitin conjugates on damaged chromosomes to allow accumulation of repair proteins. PubMed ID: 19203579

WSTF regulates the H2A.X DNA damage response via a novel tyrosine kinase activity. PubMed ID: 19092802

Tyrosine dephosphorylation of H2AX modulates apoptosis and survival decisions. PubMed ID: 19234442

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. PubMed ID: 20068231

System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. PubMed ID: 21406692

RNF168 ubiquitinates K13-15 on H2A/H2AX to drive DNA Damage signaling. PubMed ID: 22980979

Epstein-Barr virus essential antigen EBNA3C attenuates H2AX expression. PubMed ID: 24429368

Uncovering global SUMOylation signaling networks in a site-specific manner. PubMed ID: 25218447

Acetylation of histone H2AX at Lys 5 by the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex is essential for the dynamic binding of NBS1 to damaged chromatin. PubMed ID: 26438602

The proximity ligation assay reveals that at DNA double-strand breaks WRAP53beta associates with gammaH2AX and controls interactions between RNF8 and MDC1. PubMed ID: 26734725

Hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 2 promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination. PubMed ID: 26721387

Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation. PubMed ID: 28112733

Phosphorylation of the Cajal body protein WRAP53beta by ATM promotes its involvement in the DNA damage response. PubMed ID: 27715493

VRK1 functional insufficiency due to alterations in protein stability or kinase activity of human VRK1 pathogenic variants implicated in neuromotor syndromes. PubMed ID: 31527692

LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms. PubMed ID: 35849344

Specific recognition of phosphorylated tail of H2AX by the tandem BRCT domains of MCPH1 revealed by complex structure. PubMed ID: 22154951