Details for: LGALS3

Gene ID: 3958

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: LGALS3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131981

Description: galectin 3

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 90.16
    rCSI 94.45%
    PRS 9.85
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 89.25
    rCSI 81.94%
    PRS 12.11
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 88.71
    rCSI 76.48%
    PRS 17.24
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 85.83
    rCSI 76.19%
    PRS 10.59
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 84.44
    rCSI 88.11%
    PRS 10.86
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 80.64
    rCSI 86.42%
    PRS 9.72
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 78.4
    rCSI 81.94%
    PRS 11.17
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 77.41
    rCSI 60.01%
    PRS 10.1
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 75.89
    rCSI 80.64%
    PRS 18.84
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 75.61
    rCSI 75.46%
    PRS 9.08
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 74.23
    rCSI 70.15%
    PRS 11.05
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 72.41
    rCSI 63.67%
    PRS 7.67
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 72.35
    rCSI 60.65%
    PRS 12.67
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 70.72
    rCSI 100%
    PRS 11.2
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 69.21
    rCSI 86.09%
    PRS 11.2
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 68.82
    rCSI 79.82%
    PRS 15.69
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 67.83
    rCSI 79.67%
    PRS 12.55
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 66.83
    rCSI 81.35%
    PRS 13.34
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 65.8
    rCSI 63.45%
    PRS 7.08
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 64.03
    rCSI 52.02%
    PRS 11.21
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 61.75
    rCSI 47.57%
    PRS 9.58
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 60.85
    rCSI 70.36%
    PRS 7.76
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 56.63
    rCSI 58.66%
    PRS 12.45
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 54.47
    rCSI 67.38%
    PRS 9.29
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 54.3
    rCSI 77.83%
    PRS 14.53
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 53.25
    rCSI 39.44%
    PRS 9.5
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 53.06
    rCSI 66.7%
    PRS 16.2
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 51.86
    rCSI 83.62%
    PRS 16.94
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 49.39
    rCSI 63.34%
    PRS 12.21
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 48.96
    rCSI 74.77%
    PRS 10.6
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 46.62
    rCSI 74.04%
    PRS 13.73
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 45.91
    rCSI 67.25%
    PRS 12.38
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 44.7
    rCSI 35.8%
    PRS 19.17
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 44.54
    rCSI 73.37%
    PRS 12.38
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 43.75
    rCSI 42.12%
    PRS 10.93
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 43.73
    rCSI 66.88%
    PRS 17.2
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 42.33
    rCSI 100%
    PRS 13.48
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 42.08
    rCSI 39.16%
    PRS 10.65
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 42.08
    rCSI 68.17%
    PRS 10.84
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 40.79
    rCSI 89.04%
    PRS 21.43
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 40.78
    rCSI 58.78%
    PRS 17.05
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 39.11
    rCSI 60.1%
    PRS 15.13
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 38.53
    rCSI 59.54%
    PRS 9.92
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 38.51
    rCSI 56.42%
    PRS 51.18
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 38.46
    rCSI 69.87%
    PRS 16.18
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 38.01
    rCSI 60.03%
    PRS 10.59
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 37.06
    rCSI 57.48%
    PRS 16.31
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 35.08
    rCSI 29.08%
    PRS 10
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 34.72
    rCSI 50.91%
    PRS 13.9
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 34.37
    rCSI 73.17%
    PRS 17.09
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 34.06
    rCSI 47.17%
    PRS 15.26
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 34.02
    rCSI 37.26%
    PRS 12.21
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 33.09
    rCSI 53.05%
    PRS 33.08
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 33.05
    rCSI 78.57%
    PRS 15.93
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 32.33
    rCSI 77.59%
    PRS 19.57
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 32.09
    rCSI 70.28%
    PRS 14.2
  • classical monocyte CL0000860
    CSI 31.98
    rCSI 47.42%
    PRS 68.3
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 31.85
    rCSI 50.86%
    PRS 11.54
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 31.7
    rCSI 72.27%
    PRS 11.09
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 30.72
    rCSI 37.1%
    PRS 12.43
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 29.07
    rCSI 38.87%
    PRS 11.57
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 29
    rCSI 38.77%
    PRS 14.09
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 28.89
    rCSI 69.46%
    PRS 16.03
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 28.82
    rCSI 37.76%
    PRS 14.8
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 28.48
    rCSI 81.46%
    PRS 19.09
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 27.83
    rCSI 41.99%
    PRS 10.42
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 27.82
    rCSI 62.45%
    PRS 22.39
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 27.62
    rCSI 18.61%
    PRS 12.69
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 27.5
    rCSI 65.68%
    PRS 16.69
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 26.96
    rCSI 74.08%
    PRS 17.55
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 26.03
    rCSI 21.73%
    PRS 31.52
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 25.62
    rCSI 69.07%
    PRS 13.63
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 25.5
    rCSI 48.21%
    PRS 23.01
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 24.79
    rCSI 17.24%
    PRS 12.37
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 24.68
    rCSI 55.12%
    PRS 12
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 23.95
    rCSI 42.71%
    PRS 18.03
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 23.92
    rCSI 62.97%
    PRS 20.79
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 23.66
    rCSI 36.15%
    PRS 12.17
  • macrophage CL0000235
    CSI 22.32
    rCSI 40.6%
    PRS 42.58
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 21.97
    rCSI 63.61%
    PRS 11.97
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 21.74
    rCSI 33.2%
    PRS 18.5
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 21.72
    rCSI 49.57%
    PRS 9.4
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 21.7
    rCSI 45.02%
    PRS 10.55
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 20.51
    rCSI 15.41%
    PRS 10.95
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 20.4
    rCSI 31.16%
    PRS 13.35
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 20.33
    rCSI 57.18%
    PRS 15.2
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 20.15
    rCSI 14.47%
    PRS 14.37
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 19.99
    rCSI 67.57%
    PRS 17.93
  • mature NK T cell CL0000814
    CSI 19.79
    rCSI 25.31%
    PRS 43.21
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 19.55
    rCSI 56.57%
    PRS 23.6
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 19.37
    rCSI 29.75%
    PRS 12.35
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 19.24
    rCSI 38.14%
    PRS 32.4
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 18.85
    rCSI 23.48%
    PRS 15.08
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 18.01
    rCSI 71.98%
    PRS 23.39
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 18.01
    rCSI 63.18%
    PRS 19.16
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 17.95
    rCSI 72.41%
    PRS 9.78
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 17.15
    rCSI 15.85%
    PRS 19.27
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 17.08
    rCSI 38.76%
    PRS 14.7
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 16.92
    rCSI 20.85%
    PRS 34.05
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 16.74
    rCSI 30.26%
    PRS 28.82
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI -4.5
    rCSI -7.8%
    PRS 8.0%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI -4.2
    rCSI -9.5%
    PRS 6.5%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI -4.0
    rCSI -25.0%
    PRS 8.4%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI -2.5
    rCSI -8.0%
    PRS 7.6%
  • exhausted T cell CL0011025
    CSI -1.1
    rCSI -19.2%
    PRS 42.4%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI -0.7
    rCSI -1.0%
    PRS 9.5%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI -0.7
    rCSI -1.2%
    PRS 7.7%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI -0.1
    rCSI -0.2%
    PRS 11.3%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 33.6%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 15.5%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 13.5%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 16.4%
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 17.6%
  • myelocyte CL0002193
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 34.0%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 12.7%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 11.0%
  • P/D1 enteroendocrine cell CL0002268
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 26.5%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 28.6%
  • lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 29.7%
    PRS 34.5%
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 23.8%
  • odontoblast CL0000060
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 37.2%
    PRS 48.3%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 21.4%
  • mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 44.0%
    PRS 49.9%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 13.8%
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 40.0%
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 48.3%
    PRS 36.8%
  • double negative T regulatory cell CL0011024
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 38.7%
    PRS 59.1%
  • parietal cell CL0000162
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 19.0%
    PRS 54.8%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 10.2%
    PRS 10.4%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 12.7%
    PRS 20.0%
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 15.4%
    PRS 34.3%
  • follicular dendritic cell CL0000442
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 41.2%
    PRS 53.8%
  • tracheobronchial goblet cell CL0019003
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 42.8%
    PRS 76.9%
  • lung resident memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033038
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 26.8%
    PRS 61.9%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 68.9%
    PRS 34.7%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 65.5%
    PRS 18.6%
  • Merkel cell CL0000242
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 66.1%
    PRS 63.5%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 5.9%
    PRS 4.4%
  • uterine smooth muscle cell CL0002601
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 19.5%
    PRS 59.4%
  • endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 33.8%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 32.3%
    PRS 15.4%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 8.4%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 25.3%
    PRS 11.0%
  • smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 25.3%
    PRS 41.4%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 12.3%
    PRS 18.1%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 59.5%
    PRS 42.0%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 10.1%
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 30.6%
    PRS 20.2%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 18.3%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 8.1%
  • serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland CL4033005
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 21.8%
    PRS 41.9%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 42.1%
    PRS 19.3%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 18.3%
    PRS 23.4%
  • tendon cell CL0000388
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 10.4%
    PRS 29.8%
  • professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 13.9%
    PRS 41.1%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 10.7%
  • bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 63.2%
    PRS 33.7%
  • lung resident memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL4033039
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 29.4%
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 17.0%
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 9.1%
  • ventricular cardiac muscle cell CL2000046
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 16.1%
    PRS 42.1%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 29.1%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 12.1%
    PRS 10.8%
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 47.1%
    PRS 32.0%
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 21.4%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 17.8%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 5.0
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 7.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 5.0
    rCSI 13.0%
    PRS 9.9%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine CL1000334
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 78.3%
    PRS 26.3%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 11.9%
  • renal intercalated cell CL0005010
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 48.4%
    PRS 68.3%
  • smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 32.1%
    PRS 45.2%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 14.0%
  • endothelial cell of venule CL1000414
    CSI 5.6
    rCSI 49.7%
    PRS 44.9%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 14.2%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 10.5%
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001043
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 13.9%
    PRS 56.2%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 63.3%
    PRS 20.5%
  • skeletal muscle satellite stem cell CL0008011
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 26.3%
    PRS 31.7%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 25.1%
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 6.0
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 19.8%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 6.1
    rCSI 42.1%
    PRS 20.8%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 13.1%
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 50.1%
    PRS 43.4%
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 12.3%
    PRS 23.8%
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 14.5%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 11.1%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 12.3%
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 6.6
    rCSI 19.0%
    PRS 15.3%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 13.0%
    PRS 10.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 9.5%
    PRS 9.9%
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 36.8%
    PRS 19.6%
  • neutrophil CL0000775
    CSI 6.8
    rCSI 38.3%
    PRS 23.7%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 48.4%
    PRS 32.8%
  • lung goblet cell CL1000143
    CSI 7.0
    rCSI 77.9%
    PRS 35.4%
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 12.0%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 12.1%
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 38.3%
    PRS 20.3%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 27.9%
    PRS 11.0%
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 73.9%
    PRS 38.3%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958), also known as galectin-3, encodes a member of the galectin family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins. This lectin plays a multifaceted role in fundamental cellular processes, including cell adhesion, activation, and apoptosis. It functions both intracellularly, in the nucleus and cytoplasm where it is involved in mRNA processing, and extracellularly, where it mediates interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) is a highly significant marker for mucosal epithelial cells, such as [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) and [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031), as well as for myeloid-lineage immune cells, particularly [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861). Its functions are deeply tied to the [innate immune system](/details-ontology/R-HSA-168249), including chemotaxis of various immune cells and regulation of inflammatory responses. Clinically, altered expression or localization of galectin-3 is associated with neoplastic progression, as noted in its OMIM entry ([153619](https://omim.org/entry/153619)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) underscores its dual importance in maintaining epithelial barriers and orchestrating innate immune responses. **Overall**, the gene shows its highest significance in a range of epithelial and secretory cell types found at mucosal surfaces. These include [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) (CSI: 90.16), [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) (CSI: 85.83), [secretory cell](/details-cell/CL0000151) (CSI: 84.44), and [epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract](/details-cell/CL0002632) (CSI: 77.41). This pattern suggests a critical role in tissue homeostasis, mucus production, and frontline defense at environmental interfaces. Concurrently, [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) is a prominent marker for myeloid cells, with a particularly high CSI in [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) (CSI: 89.25). This is consistent with early research identifying it as a macrophage-specific lectin ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.18.7324)). Its established role in chemotaxis further supports its function in recruiting immune cells to sites of inflammation. Conversely, the gene's expression is notably low or absent in cells of the central nervous system, such as [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602) (CSI: -4.49) and [astrocyte of the cerebral cortex](/details-cell/CL0002605) (CSI: -4.22), as well as in cardiac muscle, including [regular ventricular cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002131) (CSI: -4.01). This restricted expression pattern highlights its specialized functions primarily within epithelial and immune contexts, rather than a ubiquitous housekeeping role. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) reveal its diverse molecular activities, which explain its broad biological impact. As a lectin, its primary molecular function is [carbohydrate binding](/details-ontology/GO:0030246), which enables it to interact with a wide array of glycoproteins on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. This binding capability drives many of its key biological processes. It is a potent chemoattractant ([chemoattractant activity](/details-ontology/GO:0042056)), directly mediating [macrophage chemotaxis](/details-ontology/GO:0048246), [neutrophil chemotaxis](/details-ontology/GO:0030593), and [eosinophil chemotaxis](/details-ontology/GO:0048245). These activities are central to its role in the [innate immune response](/details-ontology/GO:0045087) and inflammation regulation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00794.x)). Furthermore, it participates in the negative regulation of adaptive immune responses, including T cell activation ([GO:2001189](/details-ontology/GO:2001189)). Beyond its extracellular roles, [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) has critical intracellular functions. It is found in the [nucleus](/details-ontology/GO:0005634) and is a component of the [spliceosomal complex](/details-ontology/GO:0005681), implicating it in [mRNA processing](/details-ontology/GO:0006397) and [RNA splicing](/details-ontology/GO:0008380). This dual localization allows it to influence gene expression at a post-transcriptional level, which is consistent with its annotation in pathways like [Gene expression (transcription)](/details-pathway/R-HSA-74160). This nuclear function is dynamically regulated, suggesting a mechanism for controlling cellular behavior from within ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.005)). ## Research Directions The diverse functions and context-specific roles of [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) present several avenues for future investigation, particularly concerning its switch between homeostatic and pathological functions. While its expression is high in healthy epithelial tissues, changes in its localization and function are implicated in diseases like cancer, where loss of its nuclear localization is associated with neoplastic progression in colon carcinoma ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.8.3466)). Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. Given its high expression in mucosal epithelial cells and its function as an immune chemoattractant, extracellular [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) may function as an alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Upon epithelial stress or damage, its release could serve as a primary signal to recruit and activate innate immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils to the site of injury. 2. The nuclear localization of [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) and its involvement in the spliceosome suggest it regulates the alternative splicing of key transcripts that determine the functional phenotype of macrophages. Its expression level or localization could dictate whether a [macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000235) adopts a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving state in response to stimuli. A key experiment to test the second hypothesis would be to use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) in a human monocytic cell line (e.g., THP-1). Following differentiation into macrophages and stimulation with polarizing agents (e.g., LPS/IFN-γ for M1, IL-4 for M2), deep RNA-sequencing could be performed. Comparing the splicing patterns between wild-type and knockout cells would reveal [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958)-dependent splicing events and identify the specific gene isoforms that mediate its effects on macrophage function. From a therapeutic perspective, [LGALS3](/details-gene/3958) is a compelling but complex target. Its extracellular, pro-inflammatory, and pro-fibrotic activities make it a strong candidate for **inhibition** in chronic inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and certain cancers. Small molecule inhibitors that block its carbohydrate-recognition domain or monoclonal antibodies that neutralize circulating galectin-3 could be effective strategies. The development of such inhibitors is an active area of research for treating conditions where extracellular galectin-3 drives pathology.

Genular Protein ID: 123982098

Symbol: LEG3_HUMAN

Name: Galectin-3

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2261464

Title: Human IgE-binding protein: a soluble lectin exhibiting a highly conserved interspecies sequence and differential recognition of IgE glycoforms.

PubMed ID: 2261464

DOI: 10.1021/bi00487a015

PubMed ID: 2402511

Title: Molecular cloning of a human macrophage lectin specific for galactose.

PubMed ID: 2402511

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.18.7324

PubMed ID: 2022338

Title: Human breast carcinoma cDNA encoding a galactoside-binding lectin homologous to mouse Mac-2 antigen.

PubMed ID: 2022338

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90139-3

PubMed ID: 2009535

Title: Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of a human galactoside-binding protein.

PubMed ID: 2009535

PubMed ID: 7682704

Title: Decreased expression of Mac-2 (carbohydrate binding protein 35) and loss of its nuclear localization are associated with the neoplastic progression of colon carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 7682704

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3466

PubMed ID: 9439577

Title: The human LGALS3 (galectin-3) gene: determination of the gene structure and functional characterization of the promoter.

PubMed ID: 9439577

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0447

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12508121

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.

PubMed ID: 12508121

DOI: 10.1038/nature01348

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8253806

Title: L-29, a soluble lactose-binding lectin, is phosphorylated on serine 6 and serine 12 in vivo and by casein kinase I.

PubMed ID: 8253806

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74371-3

PubMed ID: 9501082

Title: Mac-2 binding protein is a cell-adhesive protein of the extracellular matrix which self-assembles into ring-like structures and binds beta1 integrins, collagens and fibronectin.

PubMed ID: 9501082

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.6.1606

PubMed ID: 15181153

Title: NG2 proteoglycan promotes endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis via engagement of galectin-3 and alpha3beta1 integrin.

PubMed ID: 15181153

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-03-0236

PubMed ID: 19594635

Title: The regulation of inflammation by galectin-3.

PubMed ID: 19594635

DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00794.x

PubMed ID: 19497882

Title: A primate subfamily of galectins expressed at the maternal-fetal interface that promote immune cell death.

PubMed ID: 19497882

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903568106

PubMed ID: 19616076

Title: Dynamics of galectin-3 in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

PubMed ID: 19616076

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.005

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24945728

Title: Modulation of CD6 function through interaction with galectin-1 and -3.

PubMed ID: 24945728

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.064

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27693506

Title: TRIMs and Galectins Globally Cooperate and TRIM16 and Galectin-3 Co-direct Autophagy in Endomembrane Damage Homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 27693506

DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.003

PubMed ID: 32272059

Title: A Translocation Pathway for Vesicle-Mediated Unconventional Protein Secretion.

PubMed ID: 32272059

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.031

PubMed ID: 9582341

Title: X-ray crystal structure of the human galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain at 2.1-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 9582341

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.21.13047

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 250
  • Mass: 26152
  • Checksum: C49DDF6D67AE0C88
  • Sequence:
  • MADNFSLHDA LSGSGNPNPQ GWPGAWGNQP AGAGGYPGAS YPGAYPGQAP PGAYPGQAPP 
    GAYPGAPGAY PGAPAPGVYP GPPSGPGAYP SSGQPSATGA YPATGPYGAP AGPLIVPYNL 
    PLPGGVVPRM LITILGTVKP NANRIALDFQ RGNDVAFHFN PRFNENNRRV IVCNTKLDNN 
    WGREERQSVF PFESGKPFKI QVLVEPDHFK VAVNDAHLLQ YNHRVKKLNE ISKLGISGDI 
    DLTSASYTMI